This article or section is missing citations or needs footnotes. Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (October 2007)

"The Men's Room" redirects here, for the radio program see The Men's Room (radio program).

Flush toilet.

Early 20th Century outhouse, preserved at a ghost town in the Arizona Desert.

A toilet, lavatory, water closet (WC), or loo is a plumbing fixture and disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes: urine and fecal matter. The word "toilet" can be used to refer to the fixture itself or to the room containing the fixture, especially in British English. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Look up toilet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Mens Room logo The Mens Room is an afternoon drive time talk and music radio program on KISW-FM in Seattle, Washington. ... Image File history File links Image of a commode poo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Image of a commode poo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Close coupled cistern type flushing toilet. ... Download high resolution version (793x1160, 244 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (793x1160, 244 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Outhouse near Crabapple Lake, Washington, United States, with wafer board walls, and a fiberglass ceiling An outhouse, (also known as a privy, kybo, jakes or earth-closet) usually refers to a type of toilet in a small structure separate from the main building which does not have a flush or... For other uses, see Ghost town (disambiguation). ... Close coupled cistern type flushing toilet. ... A plumbing fixture is a device which is part of a system to deliver and drain away water, but which is also configured to enable a particular use. ... The excretory system is the system of an organisms body that performs the function of excretion, the bodily process of discharging wastes. ... This article is about the urine of animals generally. ... Horse feces Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animals digestive tract expelled through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. ... British English (BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere in the Anglophone world. ...

The ancient cities of Harappa^[1] and Mohenjo-daro^[2] which are located in present day India & Pakistan had flush toilets attached to a sophisticated sewage system,^[3] and a form of flush toilet was used in the Indus Valley Civilization.^[4] Although a precursor to the modern flush toilet system was designed in 1596 by Sir John Harington,^[5] the toilet did not enter into widespread use until the late nineteenth century, when it was adopted in English upper class residences.^[6] Location of Harappa in the Indus Valley. ... Mohenjo-daro (literally, mound of the dead), like Harappa, was a city of the Indus Valley civilization. ... Urban areas require some method for collection and disposal of sewage. ... Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro. ... Close coupled cistern type flushing toilet. ... Sir John Harington, 2nd Baron Harington of Exton Sir John Harington (1561 – November 20, 1612) was known as Queen Elizabeth Is saucy Godson. He was born in Kelston, Somerset, England. ...

Nearly 40 percent of the world's population lacks access to toilets^[7]

Types of toilets

Squat toilet as seen in some parts of Europe and Asia.

There are also many different ways to clean oneself after using the toilet. A lot depends on national mores and local resources. The most common choice in the Western world is toilet paper, sometimes used in conjunction with the bidet. (See Toilet paper and Anal cleansing for a discussion of the many alternatives used through history and in different cultures.) In the Middle East and some countries in Asia, and South Asian countries such as India and Pakistan, the custom is to use water, either with or without toilet paper.^{[citation needed]} Traditionally, the left hand is used for this, for which reason that hand is considered impolite or polluted in many eastern countries.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1295x1109, 118 KB) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1295x1109, 118 KB) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... French Squatter toilet A squat toilet is a toilet used by squatting, rather than sitting. ... Mores are strongly held norms or customs. ... Occident redirects here. ... For the South Park episode, see Toilet Paper (South Park episode). ... A toilet (left) and a bidet (right). ... For the South Park episode, see Toilet Paper (South Park episode). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...

The most common type of toilet in modern cities is the flush toilet, in which water takes away the waste through sewers to a waste treatment plant. In rural areas where sewers are not practical, septic tanks may be installed instead. Close coupled cistern type flushing toilet. ... Sewers transport wastewater from buildings to treatment facilities. ... Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and domestic. ... A septic tank is part of a small scale sewage treatment system often referred to as a septic system, which consists of the tank itself and a leach (drain) field. ...

The most common design in first-world countries is the sitting toilet. Some other countries use the squat toilet. French Squatter toilet A squat toilet is a toilet used by squatting, rather than sitting. ...

Close coupled cistern type flushing toilet. ... French Squatter toilet A squat toilet is a toilet used by squatting, rather than sitting. ... A urinal is any specialized toilet or container designed for urinating, generally by men and boys. ... A female urination device or female urination aid is a small funnel which enables a woman to urinate while standing upright. ... A toilet (left) and a bidet (right). ... A chemical toilet is a toilet using chemicals to disinfect the waste instead of simply storing it in a hole, or piping it away to a sewage treatment plant. ... Pit toilet in Tunisia A pit toilet is a method of collection of human waste, used for composting, controlled decomposition, or waste disposal used most often in areas with no sewer system. ... Car camping is camping in a tent, but nearby the car for easier access and for supply storage. ... Outhouse near Crabapple Lake, Washington, United States, with wafer board walls, and a fiberglass ceiling An outhouse, (also known as a privy, kybo, jakes or earth-closet) usually refers to a type of toilet in a small structure separate from the main building which does not have a flush or... Composting toilets use biological processes to deal with the disposal and processing of human excrement into organic compost material. ... Car camping is camping in a tent, but nearby the car for easier access and for supply storage. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Ecological sanitation, also known as ecosan, is a modern alternative to conventional sanitation techniques. ... A incinerating toilet is a toilet that burns the excrements instead of flushing them with water. ... A Tree Bog is a form of compost toilet which has willows, nettles and other nutrient hungry plants planted around it. ... For the use of the term in ecology, see Biomass (ecology). ... The head (or heads) is a ships water closet or toilet. ... This article is about a mechanical device. ...

Public toilets

Main article: Public toilet

A portable urinal in the Netherlands.

Portable toilets for a pop concert

Public toilets, public lavatories, or public conveniences are toilets that are accessible to the general public with common access from the street. Conveniences being the collective term for male and female designated toilets, convenience (singular) usually acquiring a gender attribute. See also Toilet for the lavatory Public toilet is a movie from the Hong Kong director Fruit Chan. ... Download high resolution version (545x800, 99 KB)A portable toilet in the Netherlands. ... Download high resolution version (545x800, 99 KB)A portable toilet in the Netherlands. ... A urinal is any specialized toilet or container designed for urinating, generally by men and boys. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 595 pixelsFull resolution (2363 × 1758 pixel, file size: 616 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 595 pixelsFull resolution (2363 × 1758 pixel, file size: 616 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For other uses of number, see number (disambiguation). ...

A public toilet may or may not cost money to use; for those that do, see "pay toilet". Between the categories of outright free and outright pay toilets, there is a grey area of toilets where a fee is expected, but not enforced. A charge levied in the UK during the mid-20th century was one British penny, hence the generally adopted term "spend a penny" meaning to use the toilet.^{[citation needed]} Public facilities often have several toilets partitioned by stalls (US) or cubicles (UK). Facilities for men often also have separate urinals, either wall-mounted fixtures designed for a single user, or a constantly-draining basin or trough for collective use. Wall-mounted urinals are sometimes separated by small partitions or other obstructions for privacy, i.e., to keep the user's genitals hidden from public view.^{[citation needed]} A freestanding, coin-operated pay toilet stall in Paris. ... Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to control the flow of information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively. ... A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in an complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis...

An automated Sanisette outdoor toilet

Outdoor public toilets (in the street, around parks, etc.) are a form of street furniture. For mixed sex arrangements, there are cubicles varying from simple devices with little or no plumbing to more luxurious versions that automatically clean themselves after every use (for the latter, see Sanisette). Facilities without walls all around are typically for urination only, and for men only; although passers-by can see the urinating men from the back, they cannot see the genitals.^{[citation needed]} These street urinals are known as Pissoirs after the French term [3] (see Urinal). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (595x792, 72 KB) Summary Description: Sanisette (self-cleaning street toilet) in Paris, France Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (595x792, 72 KB) Summary Description: Sanisette (self-cleaning street toilet) in Paris, France Source: http://www. ... A Sanisette on a street near the Arc de Triomphe in Paris Sanisette is a registered trademark for a self-contained, self-cleaning, unisex, public street toilet pioneered by the French company JC Decaux. ... Street furniture is a collective term for objects and pieces of equipment installed on streets and roads for various purposes, including benches, bollards, post boxes, phone boxes, streetlamps, street lighting, traffic lights, traffic signs, bus stops, grit bins, tram stops, taxi stands, public lavatories, fountains and memorials, and waste receptacles. ... A plumber wrench for working on pipes and fittings A complex arrangement of rigid steel piping, stop valves regulate flow to various parts of the building. ... A Sanisette on a street near the Arc de Triomphe in Paris Sanisette is a registered trademark for a self-contained, self-cleaning, unisex, public street toilet pioneered by the French company JC Decaux. ... Manneken Pis of Brussels. ... A urinal is any specialized toilet or container designed for urinating, generally by men and boys. ...

Some facilities are mobile, and can thus be put in place where and when needed, e.g., for a weekend at an entertainment venue. Additionally, some can be sunk into the ground (and thereby made inoperable), for the periods that they are not needed. The idea behind this is that some people do not like the sight of a public toilet in the street, and they are more easily hidden than repeatedly moved. This type is typically installed in entertainment areas and made operational during weekend evenings and nights.

Some public toilets use blue lighting, to prevent intravenous drug abuse by apparently making it harder to locate the veins.^{[citation needed]}

A portable toilet is an outdoor public toilet with walls which can either be connected to the local sewage system or store the waste and be emptied from time to time. Space shuttles empty waste out into outer space. Many toilets can be cleaned on the spot, or at a central location in the case of a mobile toilet or urinal. In Europe, public toilets are also set up for cities as a compensation for advertising permits. They are part of a street furniture contract between the out-of-home advertising company and the city council. The reason for this combination is the shortage in city budgets. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 2749 KB) The mens toilet (WC) at the Tampere railway station. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 2749 KB) The mens toilet (WC) at the Tampere railway station. ... Comparison of the perceived harm for various psychoactive drugs from a poll among medical psychiatrists specialized in addiction treatment[1] This article is an overview of the nontherapeutic use of alcohol and drugs of abuse. ... A line of portable toilets. ... A sewer is an artificial conduit or system of conduits used to remove sewage (human liquid waste) and to provide drainage. ... Street furniture is a collective term for objects and pieces of equipment installed on streets and roads for various purposes, including benches, bollards, post boxes, phone boxes, streetlamps, street lighting, traffic lights, traffic signs, bus stops, grit bins, tram stops, taxi stands, public lavatories, fountains and memorials, and waste receptacles. ...

Terms used to identify a public toilet will vary from region to region. The Gents and The Ladies are commonly used British terms meaning the male and female toilet respectively. Some European public toilets may be marked "WC" (Water Closet); while in the Philippines the label "CR" (comfort room) is common. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Toilet (disambiguation). ...

Some public toilets have begun to be provided with flushable paper toilet seat covers which allow the user the comfort of knowing that they are not in contact with a surface previously used by a stranger. There is however no medical evidence that these prevent the spread of disease.^[8]

Toilets for people with disabilities

Some toilet areas (otherwise known as "stalls"), are specially adapted for people with disabilities. These are wide enough to allow the entry and use by a person in a wheelchair, and often feature hand-holds or grab bars bolted to the wall, enabling the person to maneuver onto the toilet, if necessary. Some countries have legal requirements for the accessibility of toilets. Look up disability in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Wheelchair seating in a theater. ... Grab bars are architectural products commonly used in toilet stalls for handicapped people. ...

Further information: Accessible toilets

In the United Kingdom, it is required for organizations and businesses to make adjustments to meet the needs of people with disabilities. ...

Gender and public toilets

Separation by sex is characteristic of public toilets to the extent that pictograms of a man or a woman are used to indicate where their respective toilets are. These pictograms are sometimes enclosed within standard geometric forms to reinforce this information, with a circle representing a women's toilet and a triangle representing a men's facility. Pictograms depicting men and women in traditional dress (men in pants, women in skirts) have been criticized for perpetuating gender stereotypes; however, there may be no practical alternatives. Standard gender symbols are rarely used. In restaurants, bars and night clubs, the identifications can be designed to match the decoration of the premises, using male and female figures or parts of the body, text, or even puns, making it difficult for some patrons to identify them^[9]. Sex segregation is the separation, or segregation, of people according to sex or gender. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A gender symbol is a symbol used to denote the sex of a life form or the gender of a human being. ... Example of industrial design item - hanger chair Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. ...

Sex-separated public toilets are a source of difficulty for some people. For example, people with children of the opposite sex must choose between bringing the child into a toilet not designated for the child's gender, or entering a toilet not designated for one's own. Men caring for babies often find that only the women's washroom has been fitted with a change table. People with disabilities who need assistance to use the restroom have an additional problem if their helper is the opposite sex. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Sex-separated public toilets are often difficult to negotiate for transgendered or androgynous people, who are often subject to embarrassment, harassment, or even assault or arrest by others offended by the presence of a person they interpret as being of the other gender (whether due to their outward presentation or their genital status). Transgendered people have been arrested for using not only bathrooms that correspond to their gender of identification, but also ones that correspond to the sex they were born with. A transwoman with XY written on her hand, at a protest in Paris, October 1, 2005. ... For other uses, see Androgyny (disambiguation). ...

men's public restroom symbol	women's public restroom symbol
See also: SVG symbols of restroom symbols

Many existing public toilets are gender-neutral. Additionally, some public places (such as facilities targeted to the transgendered or LGBT communities, and a few universities and offices) provide individual washrooms that are not gender-specified, specifically in order to respond to the concerns of gender-variant people; but this remains very rare and often controversial. [4] Various courts have ruled on whether transgendered people have the right to use the washroom of their gender of identification. [5] Image File history File linksMetadata Male_symbol_on_public_restroom. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Male_symbol_on_public_restroom. ... Image File history File links Female_symbol_on_public_restroom. ... Image File history File links Female_symbol_on_public_restroom. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... A unisex bathroom is a restroom that is available for use by either the male or female gender. ... The initialism LGBT also GLBT is in use (since the 1990s) to refer collectively to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender people. ...

A significant number of facilities have additional gender-neutral public toilets for a different reason — they are marked not for being for females or males, but as being accessible to persons with disabilities, and are adequately equipped to allow a person using a wheelchair and/or with mobility concerns to use them.

Amnesty International includes segregated toilets among the measures to ensure the safety of girls in schools^[10] Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience...

Family restrooms

Another recent development in public toilets is the "family restroom". Family restrooms are unisex bathrooms that contain multiple stalls designed for maximum privacy and a communal washing area for use by both genders. The family restroom is designed so that a parent with a young child of the opposite gender can bring the child into the restroom with them without the concerns associated with single-gender restrooms. Family restrooms have started appearing in newly-built sports stadiums, amusement parks, shopping malls, and major museums. The Athens Olympic Stadium Typical stadium seating consists of terraces, such as shown here at Sarajevos Stadium Kosevo. ... For the Korean family name Park, see Korean name. ... For the traditional meaning of the word mall, see mall. ... A museum is a non-profit making, permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits, for purposes of study, education and enjoyment, the tangible and intangible evidence of people and their environment. ...

Toilets in public transport

There are usually toilets in airliners, regional rail trains, and often in long-distance buses and ferries, but not in metros, school buses, trams, and other buses. Many newer trains have a waste reservoir, but, in older trains and still in some newer ones, the contents simply fall on the tracks, hence the notice which appears in many train toilets: "Please do not flush while the train is standing at a station". An Airbus A340 airliner operated by Air Jamaica An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft with the primary function of transporting paying passengers. ... A Connex commuter train stands by the platform in Melbourne, Australia Regional rail systems, or commuter rail systems, usually provide a rail service through a central business district area into suburbs or other locations that draw large numbers of people on a daily basis. ... The ferryboat Dongan Hills, filled with commuters, about to dock at a New York City pier, circa 1945. ... A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway — usually in an urban area — with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article refers to public transport vehicles running on rails. ...

Lavatories on aircraft consist of a sink, a waste bin, and a toilet. On many newer aircraft the toilet does not flush with water; rather, suction removes the waste into a collection bin below cabin level. This type is generically known as a vacuum lavatory. Older aircraft use a lavatory tank below the toilet (normally hidden by a hinged "flapper valve" at the bottom of the toilet bowl) and a pump to filter and recirculate lavatory fluid to facilitate flushing.

See also: Passenger train toilets

In rail transport, many passenger trains (usually medium and long-distance) have toilet facilities on board. ...

Private toilets

Toilets in private homes are almost never separated by sex. However, the size of a home or facility bears on the availability of options. Small facilities are limited by their space to the toilet options they can offer; it is more common to find a higher number of choices in a large facility. The same is true for homes; in more affluent households in the USA, where the homes are usually larger, bathrooms are also often more spacious than average, and more numerous. In such homes, bathrooms (especially master bathrooms) are increasingly being designed with a small adjoining room exclusively for the toilet, as well as separate washing basins. This makes it easier for couples who share a bathroom to maintain their desired level of privacy and personal space. In Australia, it has long been the case that the toilet is in a separate room from the bathroom.

"High-tech" toilets

Advanced technology is being integrated into toilets with more functions, especially in Japan - see Toilets in Japan. The biggest maker of these toilets is TOTO. Such toilets can cost anywhere from US$200 to $5,000. The features are operated by control pads (sometimes with bilingual labels), and even hand-held remote control devices. Some of these features are A cleansing jet of water designed to wash the anus of the user of this bidet-style toilet. ... TOTO Ltd. ...

• Automatic-flushing mechanisms, operated by a photocell or other sensor. Typically these flush a toilet when the user stands up,
  

  

  Automatic toilet designed to deter drug users, Picton, New Zealand
  or flush a urinal when the user steps away.
• Water jets, or "bottom washers" like a bidet, as an alternative to toilet paper
• The "Portable Washlet", Toto's portable hand-held bottom washer
• Blow dryers, to dry the body after use of water jets
• Artificial flush sounds, to mask noises such as body functions
• Urine and stool analysis, for medical monitoring. Matsushita's "Smart Toilet" checks blood pressure, temperature, and blood sugar.
• Digital clock, to monitor time spent in the bathroom
• Automatic lid operation, to open and close the lid
• Heated seats (Some of these toilets have been known to catch on fire)^{[citation needed]}
• Deodorizing fans
• Automated paper toilet-seat-cover replacers, which automatically replace a paper toilet-seat cover with the push of a button.
• Electric Toilet Brushes
• New to the United States, but used in Europe and Israel for over a decade are dual flush toilets. Two buttons allow for the user to select between a flush for urine or feces. Because the density of urine is nearly equal to that of the water around it, it requires far less water to flush into a home's sewage system. Because most of a households' flushes are for urine, dual flush toilets save a large amount of water.^[11]

A photoresistor is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. ... A view of the harbour in Picton. ... A toilet (left) and a bidet (right). ... A twin-nozzled electronic bidet unit built into a toilet seat There are three types of toilets commonly found in Japan. ...

"Lo-tech" toilets

According to The Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 by the World Health Organization, 40% of the global population does not have access to excreta disposal facilities, mostly in Asia and Africa. There are efforts to design toilets that are easy to build and maintain with simple materials, that are also hygienic. The World Toilet Organization has created some designs. See Outhouse. WHO redirects here. ... The World Toilet Organization (WTO) is an organization dedicated to issues involving toilets and sanitation. ... Outhouse near Crabapple Lake, Washington, United States, with wafer board walls, and a fiberglass ceiling An outhouse, (also known as a privy, kybo, jakes or earth-closet) usually refers to a type of toilet in a small structure separate from the main building which does not have a flush or...

Toilets on fire-resistance rated floors

Toilet flange firestopping versus mechanical pipe firestopping.

Toilets in multi-storey buildings, located on fire-resistance rated floors typically require at least two through-penetrations, which can compromise the rating of the floor if left untreated. One opening is for the fresh water supply to flush and/or fill the water tank. The other through-penetration is for the drain pipe. The fresh water supply line requires routine firestopping. The drain pipe, however, is exempt from firestopping in many building codes, particularly when noncombustible piping is used, because the penetration terminates on the unexposed side in a ceramic bowl filled with water, which can withstand significant fires. Intumescent firestops are often used, in the event plastic pipes are used for toilet drains, so that the melting plastic pipe is choked off in the event of an accidental fire. It is, however, customary to fill the metallic drain pipe annulus with rockwool packing. Even with the best of intentions, it would be difficult for the firestopper to install a sealant, because he is not allowed or inclined to remove the flange, which is what is partially used to support the drain pipe below during the installation process. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 407 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2336 × 3440 pixel, file size: 550 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 407 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2336 × 3440 pixel, file size: 550 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Firestop after fire exposure during fire test in Tulsa, Oklahoma. ... PIPE can refer to PIPE (explosive) PIPE Networks Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) For other meanings, see also pipe. ... Old Executive Office Building, Washington D.C. Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong, China In architecture, construction, engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following: Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or An... International time/temperature curves used to run commercial furnaces for testing the Fire-resistance rating of passive fire protection systems, such as firestops, fire doors, wall and floor assemblies, etc. ... A penetration, in this case without a firestop. ... A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. ... Piping is used to convey fluids (usually liquids and gases but sometimes loose solids) from one location to another. ... An intumescent is a substance which swells as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume, and decreasing in density. ... For other uses, see Plastic (disambiguation). ... Sprinkler branch pipe through-penetration with plastic sleeve - missing firestop in concrete fire separation. ... Mineral wool, means fibres made from minerals or metal oxides, be they synthetic or natural. ... For the dismabiguation page, see Packing. ... Self-leveling silicone firestop system used around pipe through-penetration in a two-hour fire-resistance rated concrete floor assembly. ...

Grey water

See also: Greywater

In some areas with water shortage issues, in order to conserve levels of potable water, some installations use grey water for toilets. Grey water is waste water produced from processes such as washing dishes, laundry and bathing. Greywater, sometimes spelled graywater, grey water or gray water and also known as sullage, is non-industrial wastewater generated from domestic processes such as washing dishes, laundry and bathing. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

The remainder of this article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can.

Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...

History

Roman public toilets, Ostia Antica

La Toilette from Hogarth's Marriage a la Mode series, 1743. A young countess receives her lover, tradesmen, hangers-on, and an Italian tenor as she finishes her toilette^[12]

Toilets appeared as early as 2500 BC. The people of the Harappan civilization in Pakistan and north-western India had water-flushing toilets in each house that were linked with drains covered with burnt clay bricks. Around the 15th century BC, toilets started to appear in Minoan Crete; Egypt in the time of the Pharaohs and ancient Persia. In Roman civilization, toilets were sometimes part of public bath houses. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 551 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions (optional variable, can be left out) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 551 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions (optional variable, can be left out) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects... Ostia Antica was the harbour of ancient Rome and perhaps its first colonia. ... Hogarth may refer to: Burne Hogarth, American cartoonist, illustrator, educator and author. ... Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro. ... The Minoans were an ancient pre-Hellenic civilization on what is now Crete (in the Mediterranean), during the Bronze Age, prior to classical Greek culture. ... This article refers to the historical Pharaoh. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... A bath house is a place where people bathe. ...

Roman toilets, like the ones pictured here, are commonly thought to be used in the sitting position. But sitting toilets only came into general use in the mid-19th century.^[13] A case has been made for the squatting hypothesis.^[14]

Etymology

The word "toilet" came to be used in English along with other French fashions. It originally referred to the toile, French for "cloth", draped over a lady or gentleman's shoulders whilst their hair was being dressed, and then (in both French and English) by extension to the various elements, and also the whole complex of operations of hairdressing and body care that centered at a dressing table, also covered by a cloth, on which stood a mirror and various brushes and containers for powder and make-up: this ensemble was also a toilette, as also was the period spent at the table, during which close friends or tradesmen were often received.^[15] The English poet Alexander Pope in The Rape of the Lock (1717) described the intricacies of a lady's preparation: The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... Street haircut in Harbin, China. ... A mirror, reflecting a vase. ... Flush toilet A toilet is a plumbing fixture and a disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes urine and feces. ... For other uses, see Alexander Pope (disambiguation). ... The New Star, Illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for The Rape of the Lock The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic poem written by Alexander Pope, first published in 1712 in two cantos, and then reissued in 1714 in a much-expanded 5-canto version. ...

These various senses are first recorded by the OED in rapid sequence in the later 17th century: the set of "articles required or used in dressing" 1662, the "action or process of dressing" 1681, the cloth on the table 1682, the cloth round the shoulders 1684, the table itself 1695, and the "reception of visitors by a lady during the concluding stages of her toilet" 1703 (also known as a "toilet-call"), but in the sense of a special room the earliest use is 1819, and this does not seem to include a lavatory.^[16] OED stands for Oxford English Dictionary Office of Enrollment & Discipline This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Through the 18th century, everywhere in the English-speaking world, these various uses centred around a lady's draped dressing-table remained dominant. In the 19th century, apparently first in the United States,^[17] the word was adapted as a genteel euphemism for the room and the object as we know them now, perhaps following the French usage cabinet de toilette, much as powder-room may be coyly used today, and this has been linked to the introduction of public toilets, for example on railway trains, which required a plaque on the door. The original usages have become obsolete, and the table has become a dressing-table. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... For other uses, see Train (disambiguation). ...

Vestiges of the original meaning continue to be reflected in terms such as toiletries, eau de toilette and toilet bag (to carry flannels, soaps, etc). This seemingly contradictory terminology has served as the basis for various parodies e.g. Cosmopolitan magazine ("If it doesn't say 'eau de toilette' on the label, it most likely doesn't come from the famed region of Eau de Toilette in France and might not even come from toilets at all.") Eau de toilette is a fragrance of relatively low odor intensity (5-10% aromatic oils) and originally intended to be used to refresh oneself. ... In contemporary usage, a parody (or lampoon) is a work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself, the subject of the work, the author or fictional voice of the parody, or another subject. ... June 1936 issue Cosmopolitan is a magazine for women, sometimes referred to as Cosmo, which has been published for more than a century. ...

These modern facilities in the Selfridges department store are branded as 'Toilets'.

The word toilet itself may be considered an impolite word in the United States, whilst elsewhere the word is used without any embarrassment. The choice of the word used instead of toilet is highly variable, not just by regional dialect but also, at least in Britain, by class connotations. Nancy Mitford wrote an essay out of the choice of wording; see U and non-U English. Some manufacturers show this uneasiness with the word and its class attributes: American Standard, the largest manufacturer, sells them as "toilets", yet the higher priced products of the Kohler Company, often installed in more expensive housing, are sold as commodes or closets, words which also carry other meanings. Confusingly, products imported from Japan such as TOTO are referred to as "toilets", even though they carry the cachet of higher cost and quality. When referring to the room or the actual piece of equipment, the word toilet is often substituted with other euphemisms and dysphemisms (See toilet humor). As old euphemisms have become accepted, they have been progressively replaced by newer ones, an example of the euphemism treadmill at work. The choice of word used to describe the room or the piece of plumbing relies as much on regional variation (dialect) as on social situation and level of formality (Register (linguistics)). Selfridges in Birmingham. ... True Politeness. ... For dialects of programming languages, see Programming language dialect. ... Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. ... Nancy Mitford, 1957 The Hon. ... U and non-U English usage, with U standing for upper class, and non-U representing the rest, were part of the terminology of popular discourse of social dialects (sociolects) in 1950s Britain and the northeast United States. ... American Standard is a leading United States manufacturer of bathroom equiptment. ... Company headquarters in Kohler, Wisconsin Kohler Design Center The American Club Entrance to The American Club The Kohler Company is a manufacturing company in Kohler, Wisconsin best known for its plumbing products. ... TOTO Ltd. ... Euphemism is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener; or in the case of doublespeak, to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ... In language, both dysphemism (from the Greek “dys” δυς = non and “pheme” φήμη = speech) and cacophemism (in Greek “cacos” κακός = bad) refer to the usage of an intentionally harsh word or expression instead of a polite one; they are rough opposites of euphemism. ... Toilet humor or potty humor (humour in Commonwealth English) is a type of humor dealing with bodily toilet functions. ... A euphemism is an expression intended by the speaker to be less offensive, disturbing, or troubling to the listener than the word or phrase it replaces. ... For dialects of programming languages, see Programming language dialect. ... In linguistics, a register is a subset of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. ...

Lavatory

The term lavatory, abbreviated in slang to lav, derives from the Latin lavātōrium, which in turn comes from Latin lavāre, to wash. It used to refer to a vessel for washing, such as a sink/wash basin, and thus came to mean a room with washing vessels. Since these rooms often also contain toilets, the meaning evolved into its current one, namely the polite and formal euphemism for a toilet and the room containing it. Lavatory is the common signage for toilets on commercial airlines around the world, see Aircraft lavatory. For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Sink (disambiguation). ... Many modern sinks are made of stainless steel Older sinks are usually made of porcelain. ... Signage is any kind of graphics created to display information to a particular audience, typically wayfinding information on streets, outside and inside of buildings. ... An airline is an organization providing aviation services to passengers and/or cargo. ...

Loo

The sign for toilets ("loos...") at the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom

The origin of the (chiefly British) term loo is unknown. According to the OED, the etymology is obscure, but it might derive from the word Waterloo. The first recorded entry is in fact from James Joyce's Ulysses (1922): "O yes, mon loup. How much cost? Waterloo. Watercloset". Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 3 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Toilet Metadata This file contains additional... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 3 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Toilet Metadata This file contains additional... Atrium entrance 2 at the NEC The interior of a section of the atrium The National Exhibition Centre (NEC) is the seventh largest exhibition centre in Europe, located in Solihull, near Birmingham, England. ... This article is about the writer and poet. ... Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on February 2, 1922, in Paris. ...

Other theories are:

• That it derives from the term "gardyloo" (a corruption of the French phrase gardez l'eau (or maybe: Garde de l'eau!) loosely translated as "watch out for the water!") which was used in medieval times when chamber pots were emptied from a window onto the street. However the first recorded usage of "loo" comes long after this term became obsolete.

• That the word comes from nautical terminology, loo being an old-fashioned word for lee. The standard nautical pronunciation (in British English) of leeward is looward. Early ships were not fitted with toilets but the crew would urinate over the side of the vessel. However it was important to use the leeward side. Using the windward side would result in the urine blown back on board: hence the phrases 'pissing into the wind' and 'spitting into the wind'. Even now most yachtsmen refer to the loo rather than the heads.

• That the word derives from the 17th century preacher Louis Bourdaloue. Bordaloue's sermons at the Saint Paul-Saint Louis Church in Paris lasted at least three hours and myth has it that wealthier ladies took along "travelling" chamber pots that could be hidden under their dresses whenever the need arose to avoid the need to leave. Due to the popularity of the myth the bowls became known as Bordaloues after the preacher and the name became corrupted to portaloos and sometimes just plain loos due to the habit of shortening words in slang.

The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... [[THIS WEBSITE:]] IT IS RUBBISH IT DOESNT TELL YOU ANYTHING GO ON A DIFFERNT ONE NOT THIS ONE!!!!!! --82. ... Stacked chamber pots A chamber pot (also a john, a chamberpot, a jordan, a po (from French pot de chambre) or simply a potty) consists of a bowl-shaped container with a handle kept in the bedroom under a bed or in the cabinet of a nightstand and used as... This article is in need of attention. ... Leeward is the side of a boat away from the direction where the wind is coming (i. ... British English (BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere in the Anglophone world. ... Leeward is the side of a boat away from the direction where the wind is coming (i. ... Windward is the side of a boat into which the wind is blowing. ... The head (or heads) is a ships water closet or toilet. ... Louis Bourdaloue (August 20, 1632 - May 13, 1704), French Jesuit and preacher, was born at Bourges. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Stacked chamber pots A chamber pot (also a john, a chamberpot, a jordan, a po (from French pot de chambre) or simply a potty) consists of a bowl-shaped container with a handle kept in the bedroom under a bed or in the cabinet of a nightstand and used as...

WC

The WC refers to the initial letters of Water Closet, used commonly in France (pronounced "le vay-say" or "le vater"). The term is also used in the Netherlands (pronounced "waysay"), Germany (pronounced "vey-tsay") and Poland (pronounced "vu-tse"). In Mexico, WC is very common to indicate a public toilet, although the majority of the people there do not know the meaning of the 'mysterious' letters on the door. The same can be said for Hungary and Finland.^{[citation needed]} Quite why the English expression should have become international is not clear. Flush toilet A flush toilet or water closet is a toilet that disposes of the waste products by using water to sweep them away down a drainpipe. ...

Khazi

Lexicographer Eric Partridge derives khazi, also spelt karzy, kharsie or carzey, from a low Cockney word carsey originating in the late 19th century and meaning a privvy. Carsey also referred to a den or brothel. It is presumably derived from the Italian casa for house, with the spelling influenced by similar sound to khaki. Khazi is now most commonly used in the city of Liverpool in the UK, away from its cockney slang roots.^[18] A lexicographer is a person devoted to the study of lexicography, especially an author of a dictionary. ... Eric Honeywood Partridge (February 6, 1894-June 1, 1979) was a noted lexicographer of the English language, and particularly of its slang. ... St Mary-le-Bow The term cockney is often used to refer to working-class people of London, particularly east London, and the slang used by these people. ... A brothel, also known as a bordello or whorehouse, is an establishment specifically dedicated to prostitution, providing the prostitutes a place to meet and to have sex with the clients. ... In most imperative computer programming languages, a for loop is a control structure which allows code to be executed iteratively. ...