NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tokelau

Tokelau (IPA: [ˈtəʊkəˌlaʊ]) is a non-self-governing colonial territory of New Zealand that consists of three tropical coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean. The islands are occasionally referred to by Westerners by an older colonial name, The Union Islands. Until 1976, the official name was Tokelau Islands. The United Nations General Assembly includes Tokelau on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories that have not completed the process of decolonization. According to the CIA list of countries by GDP (PPP) it has the smallest economy of any country in the world. Tokelau is the name for at least two geographic names in Oceania: The New Zealand territory of Tokelau The little village on Nanumaga (Tuvalu), see Tokelau (Nanumanga) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tokelau_(local). ... 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Etymology

The name Tokelau is a Polynesian word meaning "north wind", a traditionally used name for the islands. The islands were officially named the Union Islands and Union Group at unknown times. Tokelau Islands was adopted in 1946, which was contracted to Tokelau on December 9, 1976. The Polynesian languages are a group of related languages spoken in the region known as Polynesia. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Geography

Tokelau comprises three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean between 171° and 173° W longitude and 8° and 10° S latitude, approximately midway between Hawaii and New Zealand. They lie about 500 km north of Samoa. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 526 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (975 Ã— 1111 pixel, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 526 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (975 Ã— 1111 pixel, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area Ranked 43rd - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 kmÂ²) - Width n/a miles (n/a km) - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km) - % water 41. ...

The islands are Atafu (at one time known as the Duke of York Group), Nukunonu (also the Duke of Clarence Group), and Fakaofo (once Bowditch Island). Between them they comprise a land area of 10.8 km². They have no ports or harbours. Tokelau lies in the Pacific typhoon belt. Atafu, formerly known as the Duke of York Group is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... Nukunonu, formerly known as the Duke of Clarence Group, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... Fakaofo, formerly known as the Bowditch Island, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004. ...

The geographic location of anything is measured by the latitude and longitude of it, as on a map or globe. ...

Territorial claim

A fourth island that is culturally, historically and geographically — but not politically — part of the Tokelau chain is Swains Island (Olohega), under United States control since about 1900 and administered as part of American Samoa since 1925. The island was claimed by the United States pursuant to the Guano Islands Act as were the other three islands of Tokelau, which claims were ceded to Tokelau by treaty in 1979. In the draft constitution of Tokelau subject to the Tokelauan self-determination referendum in 2006, Olohega is again claimed as part of Tokelau, a claim which was surrendered in the same 1979 treaty in which a boundary was established between American Samoa and Tokelau. Swains Island is an atoll in the Tokelau chain, the most northwesterly island administered by American Samoa. ... The Guano Islands Act was federal legislation passed by the U.S. Congress on August 18, 1856 enabling citizens of the U.S. to take possession of islands containing guano deposits. ...

History

Archaeological evidence indicates that the atolls of Tokelau — Atafu, Nukunonu, and Fakaofo — were settled about 1000 years ago, probably by voyages from Samoa, the Cook Islands and Tuvalu. Oral history traces local traditions and genealogies back several hundred years.^[1] Inhabitants followed Polynesian mythology with the local god Tui Tokelau; and developed forms of music (see Music of Tokelau) and art. The three atolls functioned largely independently while maintaining social and linguistic cohesion. Tokelauan society was governed by chiefly clans, and there were occasional inter-atoll skirmishes and wars as well as inter-marriage. Fakaofo, the "chiefly island",^[2] held some dominance over Atafu and Nukunonu. Life on the atolls was subsistence-based, with reliance on fish and coconut.^[1] Atafu, formerly known as the Duke of York Group is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... Nukunonu, formerly known as the Duke of Clarence Group, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... Fakaofo, formerly known as the Bowditch Island, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... Polynesia (meaning many islands in Greek) is a triangular grouping of Central and South Pacific Ocean island archipelagos settled by seafaring voyagers from the original heartland in Tonga and Samoa. ... Tokelau is a non-self-governing territory of New Zealand, located in the Pacific Ocean. ... For other uses, see Clan (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see War (disambiguation). ... Marriage is an interpersonal relationship with governmental, social, or religious recognition, usually intimate and sexual, and often created as a contract, or through civil process. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Coconut (disambiguation). ...

Western discovery and contact

Commodore John Byron discovered Atafu on 24 June 1765 and named it "Duke of York's Island". Parties onshore reported that there were no signs of current or previous inhabitants.^[3]^[4] Captain Edward Edwards, in knowledge of Byron's discovery, visited Atafu on 6 June 1791^{[citation needed]} in search of the mutiny on the Bounty. There were no permanent inhabitants, but houses contained canoes and fishing gear, suggesting the island was used as a temporary residence by fishing parties.^[4] On 12 June 1791, Edwards sailed southward and discovered Nukunonu, naming it "Duke of Clarence's Island".^[5] A landing party could not make contact with the people but saw "morais", burying places, and canoes with "stages in their middle" sailing across the lagoons.^[4] John Byron (November 8, 1723 â€“ April 10, 1786) was a British vice-admiral. ... Atafu, formerly known as the Duke of York Group is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1765 (MDCCLXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Admiral Edward Edwards (1742-1815) was a British naval officer best known as being the captain of HMS Pandora, which was sent in pursuit of the HMAV Bounty mutineers. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Mutiny on the Bounty (disambiguation). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Nukunonu, formerly known as the Duke of Clarence Group, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ...

On 29 October 1825, August R. Strong of the U.S.N Dolphin wrote of his crew's arrival at the atoll Nukunonu, "Upon examination, we found they had removed all the women and children from the settlement, which was quite small, and put them in canoes lying off a rock in the lagoon. They would frequently come near the shore, but when we approached they would pull off with great noise and precipitation." (The Journal of the South Pacific, 110 (3), pp.296). is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Nukunonu, formerly known as the Duke of Clarence Group, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ...

On 14 February 1835, Captain Smith of the United States whaler General Jackson records discovering Fakaofo, calling it "D'Wolf's Island".^[6]^[7] On 25 January 1841, the United States Exploring Expedition visited Atafu and discovered a small population living on the island. The residents appeared to be temporary, evidenced by the lack of a chief and the possession of double canoes (used for inter-island travel). They desired to barter, and possessed blue beads and a plane-iron, indicating previous interaction with foreigners. The expedition reached Nukunonu on 28 January 1841 but did not record any information about inhabitants. On 29 January 1841, the expedition discovered Fakaofo and named it "Bowditch".^[8] The islanders were found to be similar in appearance and nature to those in Atafu.^[9] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The United States Exploring Expedition was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean (the Southern Seas) conducted by the United States Navy from 1838â€“1842. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Fakaofo, formerly known as the Bowditch Island, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The United States Exploring Expedition was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean (the Southern Seas) conducted by the United States Navy from 1838â€“1842. ... It has been suggested that Canadian canoe be merged into this article or section. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

From 1845 to the 1860s, missionaries began introducing Christianity. French Catholic missionaries on Uvea and missionaries of the Protestant London Missionary Society in Samoa used native teachers to convert the Tokelauans. Atafu was converted to Protestantism by the London Missionary Society, Nukunonu was converted to Catholicism and Fakofo was converted to both denominations.^[10] Peruvian slave traders arrived in 1863 and took nearly all (253) of the able-bodied men to work as labourers. The men died of dysentery and smallpox, and very few returned to Tokelau. With this loss, the system of governance became based on the "Taupulega", or "Councils of Elders", where individual families on each atoll were represented.^[1]^[7] During this time, Polynesian immigrants and American, Scottish, French, Portuguese and German beachcombers settled, marrying local women and repopulating the atolls.^[7] Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is... For the Pacific island, see Wallis Island. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The London Missionary Society was a non-denominational missionary society formed in England in 1795 by evangelical Anglicans and Nonconformists, largely Congregationalist in outlook, with missions in the islands of the South Pacific and Africa. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek adjective , meaning general; universal (cf. ... The history of slavery covers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures and throughout human history. ... Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is frequent, small-volume, severe diarrhea that shows blood in the feces along with intestinal cramping and tenesmus (painful straining to pass stool). ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a contagious disease unique to humans. ... Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: Ï€Î¿Î»ÏÏ‚ many, Î½á¿†ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ... This article is about the Scottish as an ethnic group. ...

Government formation

In 1877, the islands were nominally included under the protection of Great Britain by an Order-in-council which claimed jurisdiction over all unclaimed Pacific Islands. Commander Oldham on HMS Egeria landed at each of the three atolls in June 1889^[11] and officially raised the Union Flag, declaring the group a British protectorate. In 1916, they were annexed to the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, then transferred to New Zealand administration in 1926; abolishing the islands' chiefdoms. By the Tokelau Act of 1948, sovereignty over Tokelau was transferred to New Zealand. Defence is also the responsibility of New Zealand. However, the Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves towards free association with New Zealand, similarly to Niue and the Cook Islands. An Order-in-Council is an executive order issued in Commonwealth Realms operating under the Westminster system. ... â†’this is tuff i mean kyle carters tuff Tuamotu, French Polynesia The Pacific Ocean contains an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 islands; the exact number has not been precisely determined. ... â€œUnion Jackâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about states protected and/or dominated by a foreign power. ... The Gilbert and Ellice Islands were a British protectorate from 1892 and colony from 1916 — until 1 January 1976 when the islands were divided into two different colonies which became independent nations shortly after. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... â€œSovereignâ€ redirects here. ...

Politics

The head of state is Elizabeth II, the Queen in right of New Zealand, who also reigns over the United Kingdom (where she resides) and the other Commonwealth Realms. The Queen is represented in the territory by Administrator David Payton. The current head of government is Kuresa Nasau, who presides over the Council for the Ongoing Governance of Tokelau, which functions as a cabinet. The Council consists of the Faipule (leader) and Pulenuku (village mayor) of each of the three atolls.^[12] The monarch is hereditary, the administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand, and the office of head of government rotates between the three Faipule for a one-year term.^[12] Image File history File links Flag_of_Tokelau_(local). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tokelau_(local). ... Flag of New Zealand Unofficial proposed flag As Tokelau is currently a non-self-governing colonial territory of New Zealand, the Flag of New Zealand is the official flag flown in Tokelau. ... The chief of state is Queen Elizabeth, who is represented by Administrator Neil Walter. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch, since February 6, 1952. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ... David Payton (born 1952?) has been the Administrator of Tokelau since 17 October 2006. ... Kuresa Nasau is a Tokelau politician who is, at the moment (2006) faipule of Atafu. ... The Minister of Foreign Affairs is a major portfolio in the Cabinet of New Zealand. ...

The Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers legislative power on the General Fono, a unicameral body. The number of seats each atoll receives in the Fono is determined by population — at present, Fakaofo and Atafu both have eight and Nukunonu has seven. ^[12] Faipule and Pukenuku (atoll leaders and village mayors) also sit in the Fono.^[12]

On 11 November 2004, Tokelau and New Zealand took steps to formulate a treaty that would turn Tokelau from a non-self-governing territory to a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand. Besides the treaty, a UN-sponsored referendum on self-determination took place, with the three islands voting on successive days starting 13 February 2006. (Tokelauans based in Apia, Samoa, voted on February 11.) ^[13]. Out of 581 votes cast, 349 were for Free Association, being short of the two-thirds majority required for the measure to pass.^[14] The referendum was profiled (somewhat light-heartedly) in the 1 May 2006 issue of The New Yorker magazine.^[15] A repeat referendum took place on October 20-24, 2007, again narrowly failing to approve self-government. This time the vote was short by just 3%.^[16] is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An associated state is used to describe a free relationship between a territory and a larger nation. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... The Tokelau self-determination referendum of 2006, supervised by the United Nations[1], was held from February 11 to February 15, 2006. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Apia Apia, population 38,800 (2001), is the capital of Samoa. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see New Yorker. ... A referendum on self-determination will be held in Tokelau in November 2007. ...

Economy

Tokelau is not a wealthy community, with an annual purchasing power of about US$1,000 (€814) per capita. The government is almost entirely dependent on subsidies from New Zealand. It has annual revenues of about less than US$500,000 (€410,000) against expenditures of some US$2.8 million (€2.3 million). The deficit is made up by aid from New Zealand. Tokelau exports around US$100,000 (€80,000) of stamps, copra and handicrafts (woven and carved) annually and imports over US$300,000 (€245,000) of foodstuffs, building materials and fuel to and from New Zealand. New Zealand also pays directly for the cost of medical and education services. Purchasing Power- the amount of value of a good/services compared to the amount paid. ... A selection of Hong Kong postage stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ... Copra drying in the sun Copra is the dried meat, or kernel, of the coconut. ...

A large number of Tokelauan people live in New Zealand and support their families in Tokelau by remittances. Income, generally defined, is the money that is received as a result of the normal business activities of an individual or a business. ...

Local industries include small-scale enterprises for copra production, wood work, plaited craft goods, stamps, coins, and fishing. Agriculture and livestock produces coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas, pigs, poultry and few goats. Copra drying in the sun Copra is the dried meat, or kernel, of the coconut. ... For other uses, see Coconut (disambiguation). ... Copra drying in the sun Copra is the dried meat, or kernel, of the coconut. ... Binomial name Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg The Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a tree and fruit native to the Malay Peninsula and western Pacific islands. ... Binomial name Carica papaya L. The papaya (from Carib via Spanish), is the fruit of the tree Carica papaya, in the genus Carica. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ...

Internet domain names

Tokelau has added 10% to its GDP through selling its domain name, .tk, to people around the world.^[17] However, to gain publicity, Tokelau gives most domain names under its authority away to anyone for free. Free domains are pointed to Tokelau nameservers that redirect HTTP traffic via HTML frames to a specified web page and redirects 5 email addresses to external addresses. Only paid domains get the option of using a different nameserver (enabling more services and disabling the web/email forwarding). This has allowed the nation to gain enhanced telecommunications technologies, such as more computers and Internet access for Tokelauan residents. .tk is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Tokelau, a territory of New Zealand located in the South Pacific. ... .tk is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Tokelau, a territory of New Zealand located in the South Pacific. ... A name server is a computer server that implements a name service protocol. ... HTTP (for HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the primary method used to convey information on the World Wide Web. ... HTML, short for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. ...

Demographics

Tokelau has fewer than 1,500 Polynesian inhabitants in three villages who speak Tokelauan and English. Their isolation and lack of resources greatly limits economic development and confines agriculture to the subsistence level. The very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand, resulting in a population decline of about 0.9% per year. Depletion of tuna has made fishing for food more difficult. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1389x1020, 1025 KB) Fakaofo Atoll in the Tokelau Group, photographed from 30,000+ feet on October 19, 2005. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1389x1020, 1025 KB) Fakaofo Atoll in the Tokelau Group, photographed from 30,000+ feet on October 19, 2005. ... Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: Ï€Î¿Î»ÏÏ‚ many, Î½á¿†ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... For other uses, see Tuna (disambiguation). ...

On the island of Atafu, almost all inhabitants are members of the Congregational Christian Church of Samoa. On Nukunonu almost all are Roman Catholic. On Fakaofo, both denominations are present with the Congregational Christian Church predominant. The total proportions are: Congregational Christian Church 62%, Roman Catholic 34%, other 5%.^[18] Atafu, formerly known as the Duke of York Group is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... Nukunonu, formerly known as the Duke of Clarence Group, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Fakaofo, formerly known as the Bowditch Island, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ...

While slightly more females than males live on Atafu and Fakaofo, males make up 57% of Nukunonu residents.^[19] Only 9% of Tokelauans aged 40 or more have never been married.^[20] One quarter of the population were born overseas; almost all the rest live on the same atoll they were born on.^[21] Most households own 5 or more pigs.^[22]

Miscellaneous topics

Each atoll has a school and hospital. The health services has a Director of Health based in Apia and a Chief Clinical Advisor who moves from atoll to atoll as required to assist the doctors attached to each hospital. In 2007 there was not always a doctor on each island and locums were appointed to fill the gaps. Upcoming Tokelaun medical graduates should alleviate this shortage in the coming years. Apia, Samoa is the capital of Samoa. ...

Many Tokelauan youth travel to New Zealand to further their education and the ship is full around Christmas time with students returning home and then heading off for another year of study.

Tokelau has a radio telephone service between the islands and to Samoa. In 1997, a government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok) with three satellite earth stations was established. Each atoll has a radio-broadcast station that broadcasts shipping and weather reports and every household has a radio or access to one.

In September 2003, Fakaofo became the first part of Tokelau with a high-speed internet connection. The service is free for everyone. Foundation Tokelau finances the project. Fakaofo, formerly known as the Bowditch Island, is a group of coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean. ...

Tokelau is served by the MV Tokelau, owned by the country, with the trip from Apia taking a little over a day. Ships load and unload cargo by motoring up to the down-wind (leeward) side of the islet where the people live and maintaining station, by intermittent use of engines, close to the reef edge so that a landing barge can be motored out to transfer cargo to or from the shore. On returning to shore, the barge negotiates a narrow channel through the reef to the beach. Usually this landing is subject to ocean swell and beaching requires considerable skill and, often, coral abrasions to bodies. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 Ã— 1920 pixel, file size: 3. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 Ã— 1920 pixel, file size: 3. ... Apia, Samoa is the capital of Samoa. ... Leeward is the side of a boat away from the direction where the wind is coming (i. ... Extant Subclasses and Orders Alcyonaria Alcyonacea Helioporacea Zoantharia Antipatharia Corallimorpharia Scleractinia Zoanthidea [1][2] See Anthozoa for details For other uses, see Coral (disambiguation). ...

When bad weather prevents the barge making the trip, the ship stands off to wait suitable weather or goes off to one of the other atolls to attempt to load or unload its passengers or cargo, or both.

In late February and early March of 2005, Tokelau was struck and severely damaged by Cyclone Percy. It was stronger than forecast and stayed in the vicinity for longer than had been predicted. It coincided with a spring tide which put most of the area of the two villages on Fakaofo and Nukunonu under a metre of seawater. The cyclone also caused major erosion on several islets of all three atolls, damaging roads and bridges, and disrupting electric power and telecommunications systems. There was also significant and widespread damage to foodcrops including bananas, coconuts and pandanus. No one was seriously injured in the cyclone but villagers lost significant amounts of property. Lowest pressure 900 mbar (hPa) Damages Not avaliable Fatalities none Areas affected American Samoa, Tokelau, Cook Islands Part of the 2004-05 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season Cyclone Percy was the seventh named storm of the 2004-05 South Pacific cyclone season (which is the part of the 2004-05... This article is about tides in the Earths oceans. ... For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion (morphology). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Coconut (disambiguation). ... Species See text Pandanus is a large genus of between 600-700 species of tree- or shrub-like flowering plants in the family Pandanaceae. ...

The future for Tokelau depends on the height of the ocean. No significant land is more than two metres above high water of ordinary tides. This means Tokelau is particularly vulnerable to any possible sea level rises caused by global warming. The tide is the cyclic rising and falling of Earths ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun acting on the Earth. ... Sea level measurements from 23 long tide gauge records in geologically stable environments show a rise of around 20 centimeters per century (2 mm/year). ... Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. ...

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