It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Token coins. (Discuss)

In the study of numismatics tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of tokens is part of exonumia. Tokens are used in place of coins and either have a denomination shown or implied by size or shape. They are often made of cheaper materials than the precious metals: aluminum, brass and even tin were commonly used. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The extremely rare and historic Bechuanaland Border Police canteen token - a sought after numismatic item. ... Numismatics (ancient Greek: ) is the scientific study of money and its history in all its varied forms. ... Money Money is any marketable good or token trusted by a society to be used as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account. ... This article is an attempt to combine and condense Numismatic and coin collecting terms into concise, informative explainations for the beginner or professional. ... The main Roman currency during most of the Roman Republic and the western half of the Roman Empire consisted of coins including: the aureus (gold), the denarius (silver), the sestertius (bronze), the dupondius (bronze), and the as (copper). ... Anastasius 40 nummi (M) and 5 nummi (E) Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the West, consisted of mainly two types of coins: the gold solidus and a variety of clearly valued bronze coins. ... Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Atomic mass 107. ... Electrum coin of the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic brown Atomic mass 63. ... Coining is a form of precision stamping. ... The term milled coinage is used to describe coins which are produced by some form of machine, rather than by manually hammering coin blanks between two dies (hammered coinage) or casting coins from dies. ... Hammered coinage describes the commonest form of coins produced since the invention of coins in the first millennium BC until the early modern period of ca. ... The El Chino Mine located near Silver City, New Mexico is an open-pit copper mine This article is about mineral extraction. ... A £20 Ulster Bank banknote. ... Exonumia is the study of coin-like objects such as tokens, token coins and medals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. ... Typical cancelled personal cheque as used in the U.S. A cheque (CwE) or check (AmE), thought to have developed from Persian Ú†Ùƒ chek, is a negotiable instrument instructing a financial institution to pay a specific amount of a specific currency from a specific demand account held in the maker/depositor... Credit cards A credit card system is a type of retail transaction settlement and credit system, named after the small plastic card issued to users of the system. ... An Order is a decoration, awarded by a government to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity. ... A Medal can mean three things: a wearable medal awarded by a government for services to a country (such as Armed force service); strictly speaking this only refers to a medal of coin-like appearance, but informally the word also refers to an Order (decoration); a table medal awarded by... U.S. Economic Calendar Economics at the Open Directory Project Economics textbooks on Wikibooks The Economists Economics A-Z Daily analysis of economics in the news (UK focus) Institutions and organizations Bureau of Labor Statistics - from the American Labor Department Center for Economic and Policy Research (USA) National Bureau... For other uses, see Bank (disambiguation). ... See stock (disambiguation) for other meanings of the term stock In financial terminology, stock is the capital raised by a corporation, through the issuance and sale of shares. ... In finance, a bond is a debt security, that is the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to pay the principal and interest (the coupon), together with other obligations under the term of the issue, such as the obligation to give certain information. ... Numismatics (ancient Greek: ) is the scientific study of money and its history in all its varied forms. ... word coinage Coín (a town in Malaga province in Spain) 25¢ Canadian coin A coin is usually a piece of hard material, generally metal and usually in the shape of a disc, which is issued by a government to be used as a form of money. ... Exonumia is the study of coin-like objects such as tokens, token coins and medals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. ...

Tokens were originally issued by traders from the 1700s in remote regions when local or colonial governments did not issue enough small denomination coins for circulation. They were later used to create a monopoly; to pay their labour; for discounts (pay in advance, get something free or discounted); or for a multitude of other reasons. In the United States, a well-known type is the Wooden Nickel, a five-cent piece distributed by cities to raise money for their anniversaries in the 1940s to 1960s. // Events and trends World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ... The 1960s in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ...

Local firms, such as trading stores, saloons and mercantiles, would issue their own tokens as well, spendable only in their own shops. The most famous of all token coins, the Strachan and Co (S&Co), first issued in 1874, was South Africa's first indigenous currency. The S&Co were circulated as currency for nearly 60 years in East Griqualand across an area the same size as Ireland. In 1932 trade tokens in South Africa were outlawed by the government as the problem with the shortage of official circulating currency was overcome - even in the remotest parts of Africa. The extremely rare and historic Bechuanaland Border Police canteen token - a sought after numismatic item. ...

Railways and public transport agencies used fare tokens for years, to sell rides in advance at a discount (for example, pay for 10 and get 11 rides). Many transport organizations still offer their own tokens for bus and subway services, or for toll bridges, tunnels, and highways, although the use of computer-readable tickets has replaced these in some areas.

Churches used to give tokens to members passing a religious test prior to the day of communion, then required the token for entry. While mostly Scottish Protestant, some US churches used communion tokens. Generally these were pewter, often cast by the minister in church-owned molds. Several books on the subject exist. Replicas of these tokens have been made available for sale at some churches recently. Closed communion is the practice of restricting the serving of the elements of communion (also called Eucharist, The Lords Supper) to those who are members of a particular church, denomination, sect, or congregation. ...

The study of tokens used in a town, state or region can be a life-long endeavor, and is where a lot of the serious study of history occurs in numismatics.

Other sources of tokens

• Car washes - Though their use has decreased in favor of coins and credit cards
• Video arcades
• Parking garages
• Subways
• Fast food restaurants - Often given to children to collect and redeem for prizes

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Car Wash (song). ... Credit cards A credit card system is a type of retail transaction settlement and credit system, named after the small plastic card issued to users of the system. ... A video arcade (known as an amusement arcade in the United Kingdom) is a place where people play arcade video games. ... A multi-storey car park is a building or part thereof which is designed specifically to be for vehicle parking and where there are a number of floors on which parking takes place. ... This article describes subways as mass transit lines. ... Fast food is food prepared and served quickly at a fast-food restaurant or shop at low cost. ... Toms Diner, a restaurant in New York made familiar by Suzanne Vega and the television sitcom Seinfeld A restaurant is an establishment that serves prepared food and beverages to be consumed on the premises. ...

See also

• American Vecturist Association
• exonumia
• pub token
• casino token

The official seal of the American Vecturist Association The American Vecturist Association (AVA) is an organization of transportation token collectors in the United States, Canada, as well as world-wide. ... Exonumia is the study of coin-like objects such as tokens, token coins and medals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. ... Pub tokens (as they are known in the United Kingdom) or bar tokens or chits (United States usage) are a form of exonumia used in drinking establishments. ... One dollar chips from various Las Vegas casinos. ...

External links

• The early coinage and bank notes of South Africa
• South Africa's first indigenous currency - a trade token coin
• Exonumia
• Exonumia: Definitions
• Transportation tokens in private collection
• Token Collecting Organization

References

• "Church Tokens", New York Times, April 11, 1993