Toluca
[[|150px]] [[|250px]]
Official Name	Toluca de Lerdo
Country  - State:  - Municipality	Mexico Mexico State Municipality of Toluca
Population (2005)	747,512 hab
Altitude	2667 msl
Coordinates  - Latitude:  - Longitude:	19º 17' 00" N 99º 39' 00" W
Foundation  - Foundation:	05/19/1522
Mayor	Juan Rodolfo Sánchez Gómez
Political party	PAN
Time zone:	UTC -6
Demonym	Toluqueño(a)
Postal code	50000-
Area code	722
Website: http://www.toluca.gob.mx/

Toluca (formally: Toluca de Lerdo) is the state capital of México State in central Mexico, located at 19°17′N, 99°39′W. Located 63km west-southwest of Mexico City and only 30 minutes by car from its fast-growing suburb, Santa Fe. Toluca is a very successful industrial center, commercial, and touristic city in Mexico. The United Mexican States or Mexico (Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México) is a federal republic made up of 31 states (estados) and one Federal District, (Distrito Federal), which contains the capital, Mexico City. ... The Mexican state of México is made up of 122 municipalities (municipios): Categories: Lists of municipalities of Mexico | Mexican states ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mexico. ... The United Mexican States, or Mexico, is a federal republic, comprising 31 states. ... Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum. ... Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi, , gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the equator. ... Longitude, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter λ (lambda),[1][2] describes the location of a place on Earth east or west of a north-south line called the Prime Meridian. ... The National Action Party (Spanish: Partido Acción Nacional), known by the acronym PAN, is a conservative and Christian Democratic party and one of the three main political parties in Mexico. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Single zone countries Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Multizoned countries Canada, United States (Central Standard Time/Mountain Daylight Time) Chile Easter Islands Ecuador Galápagos Province Mexico Daylight saving time −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Postal codes are generally clearly visible outside local Australian post offices. ... A telephone numbering plan is a system that allows subscribers to make and receive telephone calls across long distances. ... Deportivo Toluca Futbol Club also known simply as Toluca, is a Mexican professional football club. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties/Parishes/Boroughs, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... Toluca is a city in Marshall County, Illinois, United States. ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ... Panoramic view of Santa Fe Santa Fe is one of Mexico Citys major central business districts, located west of the city in the delegaciones (boroughs) of Cuajimalpa and Álvaro Obregón. ...

Toponymy

Meaning of the name

The name Toluca is a hispanization of the Náhuatl name for Aztec town that existed on this site, "Tōllohcan," which means "Place of many reeds" (Nahuatl tōl-li "reed" + -yoh "having" + -can "place of"). Its Náhuatl symbol was in use as the municipality symbol until 1979, when its Coat of Arms was created to replace it in official documents. In 1861 from decree of the local legislature, the municipality took the name of Toluca de Lerdo, in memory of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada. Nahuatl is a native language of central Mexico. ... The Aztecs is a term used for certain Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican peoples of Central America. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Term of office: – July 19, 1872 to 30 November 1872 (interim) – 1 December 1872 to November 20, 1876 Preceded by: Benito Juárez Succeeded by: Porfirio Díaz Date of birth: April 24, 1823 Place of birth: Xalapa, Veracruz Date of death: April 21, 1889 Place of death: New York...

Toluca

Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1000 × 750 pixel, file size: 171 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The photograph were taken by Yunus Üstünol. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1000 × 750 pixel, file size: 171 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The photograph were taken by Yunus Üstünol. ...

History

Archeologists indicate that pre-Hispanic establishments at Tōllohcan date back to the 9th century. Tōllohcan was conquered in the late 15th century by the Aztecs of Tenochtitlan and incorporated into their empire, which fell only a few decades later to the Spanish Empire. Under Spanish rule, the renamed town of Toluca was incorporated as a Spanish settlement by evangelizing friars on March 19, 1522, and became one of the chief Spanish regional towns west of the capital. After Mexican independence, Toluca was governed by Lorenzo de Zavala in 1827 and in 1832. Zavala, who was born in Yucatán, later went on to become the first vice-president of the Republic of Texas. As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Tenochtitlan, looking east. ... Military flag of the Spanish Empire from the 16th century up to 1843. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ... Lorenzo de Zavala (October 3, 1788 – November 16, 1836) was a 19th-century Mexican politician. ... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Geographical Information

At the census of 2005 the city of Toluca had a population of 467,712 people, and the municipality of Toluca 747,512 people. The city is the eighth largest in the state of México in population, whereas the municipality is the fourth largest. Twelve municipalities make up a metropolitan population of 1,610,786 [1] as of 2005, making it the fifth most populous metropolitan area in Mexico and the largest entirely within the State of México (the Mexico City metropolitan area has a much larger population within the state as part of Greater Mexico City. The municipality of Toluca, which has an areal extent of 420.14 km² (162.22 sq mi), includes numerous communities other than Toluca de Lerdo, the largest of which are San Pablo Autopan and San José Guadalupe Otzacatipan. The municipality of Metepec, which directly borders the city of Toluca to the east, has a population of 206,005. Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, oficially called Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México or ZMCM (Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City) in Mexico. ... Metepec is a town in the State of Mexico, Mexico with a population of about 206,000 as of 2005. ...

The climate is the coolest of any large Mexican city due to its high altitude of 2,680 m (8,790 ft) above sea level. Despite its southerly latitude, on winter nights temperatures can drop well below 0C (32F) and even in summer it can cool down to almost freezing, while maximum temperatures rarely exceed 27C (80F). The climate is prone to extended dry periods particularly in winter, precipitation during winter usually falls as snow in the highlands around Toluca but it also receives rainfall during the summer months.

Toluca

Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (900 × 675 pixel, file size: 179 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The photograph was taken by Yunus Üstünol. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (900 × 675 pixel, file size: 179 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The photograph was taken by Yunus Üstünol. ...

Economy

The municipality is an important industrial center, with automotive manufacturing from firms like DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, General Motors, BMW, Mitsubishi and many other companies like BIMBO (a brand of bread in Mexico), which is a 100% Mexican company. It is sometimes known as "Mexico's Detroit". The industries established in Toluca produce many different products such as alcoholic beverages, processed foods, textiles, automobiles, electronic products, and pharmacists. DaimlerChrysler AG (ISIN: DE0007100000) is a German car corporation and the worlds fifth largest car manufacturer. ... Nissan Motor Co. ... General Motors Corporation, also known as GM or GMC is the worlds 2nd largest auto company by sales revenue (behind Toyota[1]) and was the worlds largest automaker by unit sales from 1931 to 2006, longer than any other automaker. ... The world-wide recognized term, BMW, abbreviated for Bayerische Motoren Werke or in English Bavarian Motor Works, is an independent German company and manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles. ... Mitsubishi Logo The Mitsubishi Group ), Mitsubishi Group of Companies, or Mitsubishi Companies, all refer to a large grouping of independently operated Japanese companies which share the Mitsubishi brand name. ...

Education

Since Toluca is the capital of the state of Mexico, there are several diverse and important educational centers such as the state-funded Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, the Dirección General de Educación, and the Servicios Educativos Integrados al Estado. It also is home to major private universities, including campuses of the Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM) and the Universidad del Valle de México. The Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) or Tecnológico de Monterrey is a private university in Mexico founded in 1943 by Don Eugenio Garza Sada. ... // The Universidad del Valle de México (UVM) is one of the largest and most prestigious Universities in Mexico. ...

There are currently 574 schools in Toluca with about 8,320 teachers. The illiteracy rate is 7.33%, which is considered high.

Tourism

Toluca has an international airport named Aeropuerto Internacional Adolfo López Mateos, located 10 kilometers from the city's center. Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos International Airport (IATA: TLC, ICAO: MMTO) is an international airport located at Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico. ...

Some attractive tourist spots include the Zócalo, also known as Plaza de los Mártires, which includes buildings such as the Palace of the State Government and the Justice Palace (Palacio de Justicia). To the northeast of the Zócalo is the Cosmovitral, which is a botanical garden where people can look at a great variety of different species of plants. There are many colonial-era churches in the centre of Toluca, the most famous being the Church of the Santa Veracruz (True Cross) and the Church of Our Lady of Carmen. The Zócalo, Mexico City Catedral Metropolitana Zócalo is a Mexican Spanish term for a town square or town center where social and business transactions take place. ...

Nevado de Toluca

There are several museums in Toluca with art from the famous José María Velasco and Luis Nishizawa. The most famous theatre is the Teatro Morelos, where several different types of events take place, ranging from cultural to political. At the outskirts of Toluca is the Centro Cultural Mexiquense where diverse exhibitions of art can be seen. In this centre there are also a couple of museums and a library. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...

The Nevado de Toluca or Xinantécatl is 30 kilometers southwest of the city. It is a place of increasing sport activity. Activities include mountain biking, climbing, or running at high altitudes. There have been proposals to turn this mountain into a ski hill because of its accessibility and the low temperatures that exist on the mountain throughout the year, but recent reports on global warming have raised fears that the snow cap on the mountain will disappear completely within a few decades. It is the only volcano in Mexico that has two lagoons and can be reached by automobile. Nevado de Toluca or in nahuatl language Xinantécatl (translated literally as the the naked man)is the fourth in height among Mexicos peaks, The Xinantécatl is a extinct volcano located in central Mexico with coordinates 19. ... The Nevado de Toluca is generally cited as the fourth highest of Mexicos peaks, after the Pico de Orizaba, Popocatépetl, and Iztaccíhuatl. ...

Art and Culture

Toluca boasts a high cultural and folkloric diversity which can be appreciated in each one of its traditional festivities such as the typical solemn "silent procession" that takes place every Holy Friday when the Catholic congregation from Toluca and its surroundings get together in the centre of the city to express their respect and devotion for Jesus Christ's sacrifice. Easter and Lent are celebrated in a similar way. Good Friday is the Friday before Easter (Easter always falls on a Sunday). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      In Western Christianity, Lent...

When it comes to art and culture, Toluca is the second city with the most museums in the country, some of them found in the Centro Cultural Mexiquense. Toluca features also a "Villa Charra" where visitors can admire the purest folklore of the region as well as several art galleries.

Music and Dancing

Orchestras based in Toluca have become very famous because of their directors. Currently there are two official orchestras: a State one and a Municipal one. The one from the State is the Orquesta Sinfónica del Estado de México. Higher education intitutions have marching bands, and in some towns there are wind bands.

The dancing instutitions include the Instituto Mexiquense de Cultura, the IMSS, and DIF. There are also schools of dance such as the Escuela de Bellas Artes and the UAEM. IMSS may refer to: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence, Italy Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

There is also a Youth Marching Band of Toluca called "Águilas de Anahuac." This band was formed about 35 years ago and was the first youth marching band in the country.

Sport

The "Diablos Rojos"

Toluca is also home of a popular Mexican First Division Soccer team, the "Diablos Rojos" (Red Devils) of Toluca. Image File history File links CD Toluca logo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links CD Toluca logo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... La Primera División del Futbol Mexicano is the premier football championship established by the Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación in the Mexican League System. ... Football is a ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent. ... Deportivo Toluca Futbol Club also known simply as Toluca, is a Mexican professional football club. ...

Famous boxers often use Toluca as a training center. These have included Julio César Chávez and Puerto Rico's Wilfredo Vazquez, among others. Professional boxing bout featuring Ricardo Domínguez (left, throwing a left uppercut) versus Rafael Ortiz Boxing, also called prizefighting or pugilism is a sport and martial art in which two participants of similar weight fight each other with their fists in a series of one to three-minute intervals called... Boxing training is the training method that boxers use in order to get in shape for their sport. ... For this mans son, also a boxer, see Julio César Chávez, Jr. ... Wilfredo Vázquez (born August 2, 1960) is a boxer who is a native of Bayamón, Puerto Rico. ...

Former WWF Intercontinental Champion Tito Santana was billed as hailing from Toluca throughout most of his career. World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. ... Merced Solis (born May 10, 1953) better known by his ring name Tito Santana, was a Mexican-American professional wrestler whose career spanned from the late 70s to the early 90s. ...

Sister cities

Toluca is a part of the Sister Cities International program and maintains cultural and economic exchange programs with: Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ...

• Urawa, Japan
• Fort Worth, United States (1998)

Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan_(bordered). ... Urawa (浦和区; -ku) is a ward (pop. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Fort Worth is the sixth-largest city in the state of Texas, located about 30 miles west of Dallas on the West Fork Trinity River and forming part of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. ...

See also

• Toluca Valley

Toluca Valley is a valley located approximately 75 km southwest Mexico City. ...

References

• Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005 INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática

• México Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México

External links

• (Spanish) Ayuntamiento de Toluca Official website
• Photos
• VisitMexico.com – Tourist information
• Toluca Hotel information
• Information
• Toluca Pictures
• Toluca Turist information