NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tomislav

Tomislav (died in 928), was one of the greatest rulers of Croatia in Middle Ages. He reigned from 910 until 928, first as Duke of Dalmatian Croatia in 910–925, and then became first King (rex Croatorum) of Croatian Kingdom in 925–928. Image File history File links Kralj_Tomislav. ... Image File history File links Kralj_Tomislav. ... Events Dao Kang Di succeeds Gong Hui Di and is followed in the same year by Tai Zu, all of the Dali Gu Dynasty in southeast China. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Events Foundation of the Benedictine monastery of Cluny Chinese Zhou dynasty monarch 懿王 yi4 wang2 is succeeded by 孝王 xiao4 wang2 Hashavarman I succeeds Yasovarman I as ruler of the Khmer empire Gabriel I of Alexandria becomes Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church Garcia I of Leon becomes... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... The Croatian people trace their origins to Slavic peoples which moved into the territory of the former Roman provinces Pannonia and Dalmatia between the 7th and 8th centuries. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This is the history of Croatia. ...

He was probably the son of Muncimir, Duke of Dalmatian Croatia. Tomislav was one of the most prominent members of the House of Trpimir. He united the Croats of Dalmatia and Pannonia into a single Kingdom in 925. Tomislav rounded off his state from the Adriatic Sea to the Drava River, and from the Rasa River in Istria to the Drina River. Under his rule, Croatia became one of the most powerful kingdoms in Medieval Europe. ^[1] Muncimir (died in about 910) was a duke of Dalmatian Croatia, reigned 892â€“910, and member of TrpimiroviÄ‡ dynasty. ... TrpimiroviÄ‡ dynasty was a native Croat dynasty that ruled in Croatia, with interruptions, from 845 until 1091. ... Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Map of Dalmatia, in present day Croatia highlighted Dalmatia (Croatian: Dalmacija, Italian: Dalmazia) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, in modern Croatia, spreading between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Gulf of Kotor (Boka Kotorska) in the southeast. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Events Alfonso IV the Monk becomes king of Leon Ha-Mim proclaims himself a prophet among the Ghomara of Morocco Tomislav, duke of the Croatian duchies of Pannonia and Dalmatia, is crowned King of Croatia at Duvno field. ... A satellite image of the Adriatic Sea. ... The Drave at DrÃ¡vaszabolcs, Hungary The Drave at VÃzvÃ¡r, Hungary The Drave at Maribor, Slovenia The Drava or Drave (German: Drau, Slovenian, Croatian and Italian: Drava, Hungarian: DrÃ¡va) is a river in southern Central Europe. ... This article should be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Coat of arms Istria (Istra, pronounced in Croatian and Slovenian; Istria, pronounced in Italian, Istrien, pronounced in German) is the biggest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

Duke

Tomislav defeated the Magyar mounted invasions of the Arpads in battle and forced them across the Drava River. Tomislav annexed a part of Pannonian Croatia to his Croatian Dalmatia. This included the area between the rivers Drava, Sava and Kupa, so his Duchy bordered with Bulgaria for a period of time. This was the first time that the two Croatian Realms were united, and all Croats in one state. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Árpáds (Hungarian: Árpádok, Slovak: Arpádovci, Croatian: Arpadovići) were a dynasty ruling in historic Hungary from the late 9th century to 1301 (with some interruptions, e. ... The Drave at DrÃ¡vaszabolcs, Hungary The Drave at VÃzvÃ¡r, Hungary The Drave at Maribor, Slovenia The Drave (German: Drau, Slovenian, Croatian and Italian: Drava, Hungarian: DrÃ¡va) is a river in southern Central Europe, flowing East from South Tyrol, Italy through Carinthia, Austria, and Slovenia (145 km... The Croatian people trace their origins to Slavic peoples which moved into the territory of the former Roman provinces Pannonia and Dalmatia between the 7th and 8th centuries. ... The Drave at DrÃ¡vaszabolcs, Hungary The Drave at VÃzvÃ¡r, Hungary The Drave at Maribor, Slovenia The Drava or Drave (German: Drau, Slovenian, Croatian and Italian: Drava, Hungarian: DrÃ¡va) is a river in southern Central Europe. ... Sava also Save (in Serbian: Ð¡Ð°Ð²Ð°; German: Save; Hungarian: SzÃ¡va) is a river in Europe, a right side tributary of Danube at Belgrade. ... Kupa (Slovenian Kolpa) is a river in Croatia and on the border with Slovenia. ...

At the peak of his reign, according to Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos' De Administrando Imperio, written around 950, Tomislav controlled a vast military force composed out of 100,000 infantrymen and 60,000 horsemen and a sizable fleet of 80 large ships and 100 smaller vessels. Constantine and his mother ZoÃ«. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos (the Purple-born) (905 â€“ November 9, 959) was the son of Byzantine emperor Leo VI and nephew of Alexander III famous for his two descriptive books, De Administrando Imperio and De Ceremoniis. ... De Administrando Imperio is the commonly used title of a scholarly work from ca. ... Events World Population: 250 Million. ... Infantry in the First World War Infantry (or Infantrymen) are soldiers who fight primarily on foot, using personal weapons. ... Horsemen ...

The Duke had to face renewed threats from the Bulgarians under Tsar Simeon I who had already conquered the Serbs. In 923, the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Byzantine Emperor offered to deal with Simeon's plights if Pope John X would accept a rejoined of the distanced Holy Sees of Rome and Constantinople. The Pope also demanded that the Patriarch gives him the suzeiranity over the Dalmatian Byzantine Cities. After this was done, the Byzantine Emperor gave Duke Tomislav the coastal Cities under his Goverency: the Byzantine Province of Dalmatia ((Zadar, Split, Trogir...). In 921-924, the Bulgarian leader Simeon smited through Rascia, enslaving and tricking the people, which made many Serbs under dethroned Prince Zaharije Pribislavljević of the House of Vlastimirović flee and seek shelter in Tomislav's Realm. Tsar Simeon the Great (ruled 893-May 27, 927) was 27 when he took the throne of Bulgaria from his brother Vladimir, the son of Prince Boris, who was deposed and blinded by his own father after his attempt to return Bulgaria to paganism. ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸ or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, ranking as the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox communion. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... John X, Pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of Ravenna. ... There are other articles with similar names; see Zadar (disambiguation). ... Look up Split in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Coat of arms Trogir (Italian TraÃ¹, Latin Tragurium, Greek Tragurion, Hungarian TengerfehÃ©rvÃ¡r) is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia county, Croatia, with a population of 10,907 (2001) and a total municipality population of 13,322 (2001). ... Raška (Raschka, Rascia, Rassa) was the central and most successful medieval Serbian state (or župa, area ruled by a župan) that unified neighboring Serbian tribes into the main medieval Serbian state in Balkans. ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸ or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The House of VlastimiroviÄ‡ was named after Knez Vlastimir who was the great great grandson of the Unknown Archont who led the Serbs to the Balkans from White Serbia (modern day Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine) during the reign of Byzantine emperor Heraclius somewhere between 610 - 641. ...

King

With the claiming of the coastal cities by Tomislav, the question of suzeiranity over the Croatian Archbishopric of Nin was raised. In 925 the Pope summoned a synod in Split to resolve the situation, and in a letter sent to Tomislav, recognised him as king (rex) of Croatia. According to the latter medieval sources, Tomislav was crowned at the field of Duvno (named Tomislav's City in his honour), although there are no contemporary records of this event. Although he was referred to as King, Tomislav's more frequent title would be Princeps instead. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... Nin on the map of Croatia Coat of arms The church of The Holy Cross in Nin originates from the 9th century Nin (Latin Aenona or Nona) is a town in the Zadar county of Croatia, population 1,256 (2001), total municipality population 5 700 (2005). ... Look up Split in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Tomislavgrad (Cyrillic: Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´), in times of the former Yugoslavia Duvno, German Dalen, is a town in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...

On the Synod in Split, the Latin Bishops and Abbeys of the Seaside outvoted Nin's Bishop Grgur and his supporters, so the supremacy of the Archbishopric of Split was affirmed. Furthermore, the use of the Slavic language in the ecclesiastical service was banned, allowing only the usage of Latin. This, however, had very little effect in reality, as the number of clerics knowing Latin was sparse throughout the kingdom; indeed, the great era of Glagolitic Slavic scrypt was just beginning in Croatia. However, to gain support of the Pope, Tomislav probably sided with the Latinist side and the dioceses of Split. A second synod was summoned in 927 to enforce the conclusions of the first one in 925; the supremacy of the Archbishopric of Split was confirmed, and the diocese of Nin was abolished. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... A mitre is used as a symbol of the bishops ministry. ... Bold textTHIS IS THE PAGE THAT A.S. REALLY NEEDS!! THIS IS NOW MARKED!!! ] ps i like A.O. This article is about an abbey as a Christian monastic community. ... Nin on the map of Croatia Coat of arms The church of The Holy Cross in Nin originates from the 9th century Nin (Latin Aenona or Nona) is a town in the Zadar county of Croatia, population 1,256 (2001), total municipality population 5 700 (2005). ... A mitre is used as a symbol of the bishops ministry. ... Gregory of Nin (Grgur Ninski) was 10th century bishop that strongly opposed the Pope and official circles of the Church and introduced the Croatian language in the religious services after the Great Assembly in 926. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... Look up Split in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) comprise the languages of the Slavic peoples. ... Tablet inscribed with the Glagolitic alphabet The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavonic alphabet. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ...

Tomislav had to repel the attacks of the invading Bulgarians in 926 due to Tomislav's protectorate of the Serbian dynasty's head, Zaharije Pribislavljević. The Croatians fought the army of Simeon I of Bulgaria led by duke Alobogotur on May 27, 927 and won the famous Battle of the Bosnian Highlands. The huge battle, considered to be one of the most important battles in the history of south-eastern Europe, took place in the north-eastern part of Bosnia. The Croatians under Tomislav won a great victory, decimating the entire Bulgarian force. Croatia during the first king Tomislav. ... Croatia during the first king Tomislav. ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸ or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... Simeon the Great (modern painting) Tsar Simeon the Great (Bulgarian: Ð¦Ð°Ñ€ Ð¡Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ¾Ð½ Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸, Tsar Simeon Veliki) (lived c. ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... Events Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of Gyeongju and places King Gyeongsun on the throne. ... Combatants Kingdom of Croatia Bulgarian Empire Commanders King Tomislav of Croatia Duke (Dux) Alogobotur Strength 60. ... Approximate borders between Bosnia (marked light) and Herzegovina (marked dark) Historically and geographically, the region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna/Ð‘Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°) comprises the northern part of the present-day country of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...

It is unknown how the first Croatian king ended, but he disappeared from the political scene after 928. He was succeeded by either his son or his younger brother, Trpimir II. Events Dao Kang Di succeeds Gong Hui Di and is followed in the same year by Tai Zu, all of the Dali Gu Dynasty in southeast China. ... Trpimir II (died c. ...

Miscellaneous

Tomislav is celebrated as the founder of the first united Croatian state. In the Croatian capital of Zagreb, there is a square dedicated to Tomislav. Near the place where he was crowned lies the town of Tomislavgrad (Tomislav's City). Zagreb (pronounced: ) is the largest and capital city of Croatia. ... Tomislavgrad (Cyrillic: Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´) known as Duvno (Cyrillic: Ð”ÑƒÐ²Ð½Ð¾) in the former Yugoslavia, German Dalen, is a town in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...

Controversy

Croatian historians Nada Klaić and Ivo Goldstein disputed the extension of Tomislav's kingdom. However, in the later editions of her work, Klaić dropped the issue of territorial compass of Tomislav's kingdom and omitted the historical maps dealing with the murky issue of the eastern border of Tomislav's kingdom. Ivo Goldstein claimed that Tomislav never ruled Bosnia in his Hrvatski rani srednji vijek. Still, dominant modern university history textbooks like Tomislav Raukar's Hrvatsko srednjovjekovlje (Croatia in the Middle Ages), as well as other university textbooks on the medieval Croatian state, consider that during Tomislav's rule his kingdom covered between 60% to 80% of contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina. Other historical sources tend to be fuzzy: for instance, a European history site gives a similar picture, while Serbian historian Relja Novaković considered that Tomislav's state encompassed even more territory: "In the first half of the 10th century until the 930s, the eastern Croatian political boundary was, probably, a mountain wreath composed of the array of mountains Zelengora, Lelija, Treskavica, Jahorina, Romanija, Ozren and Zvijezda." (Relja Novaković: On some questions regarding borders of Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia in the X century, Proceedings of the Belgrade Philosophical Faculty, VII/1, 1963., pg. 178/ O nekim pitanjima granica Srbije, Hrvatske i Bosne u X veku, Zbornik Fil.fak. u Beogradu, VII/1, 1963, str. 178.) Even this can be, due to the lack of strong historical evidence, considered mere speculation. This issue is frequently debated due to modern Croatian and Serbian national ideologies. It actually bears little importance on medieval Bosnian history, since the pre-Ottoman ethno-cultural landscape of this country was formed mainly in the period from the 13th to the 15th century.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1098x682, 294 KB) Summary Oton Ivekovic, Krunidba kralja Tomislava. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1098x682, 294 KB) Summary Oton Ivekovic, Krunidba kralja Tomislava. ...

References

Zagreb (pronounced: ) is the largest and capital city of Croatia. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... De Administrando Imperio is the commonly used title of a scholarly work from ca. ...

External links

Categories: 928 deaths | Dukes of Croatia | Kings of Croatia | Croatian nobility | History of Croatia | History of Bosnia and Herzegovina Muncimir (died in about 910) was a duke of Dalmatian Croatia, reigned 892â€“910, and member of TrpimiroviÄ‡ dynasty. ... // Earliest history The details of the arrival of the Croats are scarcely documented. ... Events Foundation of the Benedictine monastery of Cluny Chinese Zhou dynasty monarch 懿王 yi4 wang2 is succeeded by 孝王 xiao4 wang2 Hashavarman I succeeds Yasovarman I as ruler of the Khmer empire Gabriel I of Alexandria becomes Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church Garcia I of Leon becomes... Events Alfonso IV the Monk becomes king of Leon Ha-Mim proclaims himself a prophet among the Ghomara of Morocco Tomislav, duke of the Croatian duchies of Pannonia and Dalmatia, is crowned King of Croatia at Duvno field. ... // Earliest history The details of the arrival of the Croats are scarcely documented. ... Events Alfonso IV the Monk becomes king of Leon Ha-Mim proclaims himself a prophet among the Ghomara of Morocco Tomislav, duke of the Croatian duchies of Pannonia and Dalmatia, is crowned King of Croatia at Duvno field. ... Events Dao Kang Di succeeds Gong Hui Di and is followed in the same year by Tai Zu, all of the Dali Gu Dynasty in southeast China. ... Trpimir II (died c. ...

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