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Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning. A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. The method is used in medicine, archaeology, biology, geophysics, materials science and other sciences. In most cases it is based on the mathematical procedure called tomographic reconstruction. There are many different types of tomography, as listed: (Note that the Greek word tomos conveys the meaning of "a section" or "a cutting"). A tomography of several sections of the body is known as a polytomography. medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ...
Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from the Greek words αÏχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ...
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The Materials Science Tetrahedron, which often also includes Characterization at the center Materials science is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering. ...
The mathematical basis for tomographic imaging was laid down by Johann Radon. ...
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The atom probe is an atomic-resolution microscope used in materials science that was invented in 1967 by Erwin Müller. ...
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Talk:Confocal laser scanning microscopy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Explained the image formation and the resolution enhancement as good as I understood it. ...
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a type of electron cryomicroscopy where tomography is used to obtain a 3D reconstruction of a sample is from tilted 2D images at cryogenic temperatures. ...
Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a method for determination of the dielectric permittivity distribution in the interior of an object from external capacitance measurements. ...
Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is an imaging technique that determines the internal electrical conductivity of a vessel from measurements taken at its periphery. ...
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), is a medical imaging technique in which an image of the conductivity or permittivity of part of the body is inferred from surface electrical measurements. ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the use of MRI to measure the hemodynamic response related to neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals. ...
Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) MIT is a new imaging technique. ...
For the scientific journal entitled Magnetic Resonance Imaging, see Magnetic Resonance Imaging (journal). ...
Pacific Northwest National Laboratorys high magnetic field (800 MHz, 18. ...
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric, non-invasive optical tomographic imaging technique offering millimeter penetration (approximately 2--3 mm in tissue) with sub-micrometre axial and lateral resolution. ...
Process tomography consists of tomographic imaging of systems, such as process pipes in industry. ...
Image of a typical positron emission tomography (PET) facility Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique which produces a three dimensional image or map of functional processes in the body. ...
Quantum tomography or quantum state tomography is the process of reconstructing the quantum state (density matrix) for a source of quantum systems by measurements on the systems coming from the source. ...
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays. ...
Seismic tomography uses digital seismographic records to image the interior of the Earth. ...
X-ray Tomography is a branch of X-ray microscopy. ...
Description For example, in conventional medical X-ray tomography, clinical staff make a sectional image through a body by moving an X-ray source and the film in opposite directions during the exposure. Consequently, structures in the focal plane appear sharper, while structures in other planes appear blurred. By modifying the direction and extent of the movement, operators can select different focal planes which contain the structures of interest. Before the advent of more modern computer-assisted techniques, this technique proved useful in reducing the problem of superimposition of structures in projectional (shadow) radiography. In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz...
The word projection can mean more than one thing. ...
A radiograph of a right elbow-joint Radiography is the use of certain types of electromagnetic radiation—usually ionizing—to view objects. ...
Modern tomography More modern variations of tomography involve gathering projection data from multiple directions and feeding the data into a tomographic reconstruction software algorithm processed by a computer. Different types of signal acquisition can be used in similar calculation algorithms in order to create a tomographic image. With current 2005 technology, tomograms are derived using several different physical phenomena including X-rays, gamma rays, positron electron annihilation reaction, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasound, electrons, and ions. These yield CT, SPECT, PET, MRI, ultrasonography, 3d-TEM, and atom probe tomograms, respectively. The mathematical basis for tomographic imaging was laid down by Johann Radon. ...
Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ...
In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a procedure (a finite set of well-defined instructions) for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ...
In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz...
This article is about electromagnetic radiation. ...
The positron electron annihilation reaction refers to the physical phenomena of a positron particle (the physical opposite of an electron), generated by a beta decay and slowed to thermal speeds, and combines/reacts with an electron. ...
Pacific Northwest National Laboratorys high magnetic field (800 MHz, 18. ...
A fetus in its mothers womb, viewed in a sonogram (brightness scan) A fetus, aged 29 weeks, in a 3D ultrasound Ultrasound is sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing, this limit being approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz). ...
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SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays. ...
Image of a typical positron emission tomography (PET) facility Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique which produces a three dimensional image or map of functional processes in the body. ...
The mri are a fictional alien species in the Faded Sun Trilogy of C.J. Cherryh. ...
Medical ultrasonography (sonography) is an ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize muscles and internal organs, their size, structures and possible pathologies or lesions. ...
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an imaging technique whereby a beam of electrons is focused onto a specimen causing an enlarged version to appear on a fluorescent screen or layer of photographic film (see electron microscope), or can be detected by a CCD camera. ...
The atom probe is an atomic-resolution microscope used in materials science that was invented in 1967 by Erwin Müller. ...
Some recent advances rely on using simultaneously integrated physical phenomena, e.g. X-rays for both CT and angiography, combined CT/MRI and combined CT/PET. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique in which an X-ray picture is taken to visualize the inner opening of blood filled structures, including arteries, veins and the heart chambers. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
The mri are a fictional alien species in the Faded Sun Trilogy of C.J. Cherryh. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Image of a typical positron emission tomography (PET) facility Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique which produces a three dimensional image or map of functional processes in the body. ...
The term volume imaging might subsume these technologies more accurately than the term tomography. However, in the majority of cases in clinical routine, staff request output from these procedures as 2-D slice images. As more and more clinical decisions come to depend on more advanced volume visualization techniques, the terms tomography/tomogram may go out of fashion.
Many different reconstruction algorithms exist. Most algorithms fall into one of two categories: filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR). These procedures give inexact results: they represent a compromise between accuracy and computation time required. FBP demands fewer computational resources, while IR generally produces fewer artifacts (errors in the reconstruction) at a higher computing cost. In tomography, a variety of practical reconstruction algorithms have been developed to implement the process of reconstruction of a 3-dimensional object from its projections. ...
Filtered back projection is a reconstruction algorithm used to invert the Radon transform. ...
Method or group of algorithms used to reconstruct 2D and 3D images from the projections of an object. ...
Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy Recently a new technique called synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) allows for detailed three dimensional scanning of fossils. Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy is a 3-D scanning technique that allows non-invasive high definition scans of fossil embryos to be made. ...
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