Tondero is a dance and Guitar Rhythm from the Peruvian north coast (Piura-Lambayeque) Jump to: navigation, search A contemporary dancer rehearsing in a dance studio Dance (from Old French dance, further history unknown) generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression (see also body language) or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. ... Jump to: navigation, search The acoustic archtop guitar, used in Jazz music, features steel strings The guitar is a stringed musical instrument. ...

Geographical Origin of Tondero and Cumananas

The tondero is a Peruvian dance and rythm born in the north coast adjacent to the eastern valleys of the Sierra or “yungas” of Piura, Sechura and Lambayeque. The oldest version is from the Morropon province right about the center of Piura´s region, below the highlands and riding inland from the coast. Jump to: navigation, search Piura: Plaza de Armas Piura is a city in northwestern Peru. ... Jump to: navigation, search Sechura is a town in northwestern Peru, 52 km south of Piura. ... The name Lambayeque originates from Llampayec, an idol that was worshipped in northern Peru. ...

Description and composition of the Tondero

The classical version consists of: a principal singer, a small chorus, two creole style guitar players (on picking up the tundete or tondero base line); the famous "peruvian cajon" (now used in Latin American commercial rythms, modern flamenco and evolutionary jazz), Peruvian spoon players, and it may be accompanied by palms or even a weird Afro-Peruvian instrument made of dried and flattened pumpkins called: "checo". LeAnn Rimes singing in concert For other senses of this word, see singer (disambiguation). ... In classical music a chorus is any substantial group of performers in a play, revue, musical or opera who act more or less as one. ... Jump to: navigation, search The term Creole is used with different meanings in different contexts, which can generate confusion. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Flamenco dancer Belen Maya, photograph taken by Gilles Larrain at his studio, 2001 Flamenco is a song, music and dance style which is strongly influenced by the Gitanos, but which has its deeper roots in Moorish and Jewish musical traditions. ... Jump to: navigation, search Jazz master Louis Armstrong remains one of the most loved and best known of all jazz musicians. ...

It is also played by trumpet and drum bands. Jump to: navigation, search The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the tuba, euphonium, trombone, sousaphone, and french horn. ...

Composition

It is composed of three parts 1) Glosa 2) Sweet and 3) Fuge

1. The Glose. It is the entrance and lyrical informative part of a tondero. It is characterized by a tragic melodic ballad type of singing called triste or cumanana (picaresque way) donde by the principal voice over the base line initial rythm. The rythm is accelerated as the introduction ends, the fast paced " repique" done by the Cajons, spoons and hand claps is also called the “Golpe de Tierra”; el guitarreo justamente se le dice tondero.
2. The Sweet. Called Dulce is the intermedial and reaffirmative of the head singer many times sang right off a rythm spin and sung by a chorous that cuts between the head singer.
3. The Runaway is the ending part. It is very fast paced and sung very passionately.

Look up Melody in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In music, a melody is a series of linear events or a succession, not a simultaneity as in a chord. ... A ballad is a story in a song, usually a narrative song or poem. ...

Ethnic Origin of Tondero

El Tondero is by musical expression and dance form of clear gypsy Roma origin (Roma are nomads of indo-aryan, indo-afghan or indopersian origin) whom many came during the peruvian viceroyalty to work in the haciendas of the north and central coast as “incognite” farmers, herdsmen, miners or carbón producers (from the algarrobo tree). Roma is: The Latin, Italian, Portuguese, Turkish, Romanian, Norwegian and Spanish name for the Italian city of Rome. ... Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. ... Jump to: navigation, search Hacienda is a Spanish word describing a vast ranch, common in the Pampa. ...

It is probable that they (called morochucos, piajenos or chalanes) inspired the dance and rythm from scene play of the very popular cockfights and the passionete "tristes" and "cumananas",. The roma gypsy were indeed the creaters of the rythm and dance but there is evidence that many of them might have spent time with the many "African slaves" that came from Madagascar (malgaches) whom were brought by the Spanish from Panamá to dedicate themselves to works of cotton and sugarcane plantations. Tondero is a creole coastal rythm that shows a basic roma gypsy origin and added influences from the African slaves. The Cock Fight by Jean-Léon Gérôme (1847) Training for a cockfight in Hell-Bourg on Réunion Island A cockfight is a contest, held in a cockpit between two gamecocks. ... This article discusses the history of the slave trade of Africa, and its effect upon the continent. ...

Tondero Themes

The dance expresses three themes, all inspired from the same emotion: the errante life of birds, cockfighting very common among Peruvians (peruvian roosters are the largest and most aggressive) and lastly, the falling in love; between birds or between the macho stallion that battles to get the acceptance of the female, she flirts and doesn't let him conquer her until the end.

The prototype image of Tondero and Cumanana singers, are the solitary mestizo or creole (gypsy looking northern peruvian) farmers whom stop and sing about their tragic hard life, their errante ways. Themes are usually tragic and somewhat picaresque, where one makes fun of one's tragedy. Typical topics are the loss of cattle, crops (do usually to el niño phenomenon) or the lament due to unrequitted love from his "china" (dear women)

The "handkerchiefs" is used as a symbolic element that relates to the flying of errante birds has a possible gypsy inheritance that belongs to the weddings(also seen in coastal dances like Zamacueca Limeña, Resbalosa,Canto de Jarana or Marinera Norteña). All of the dances seem to have guitarra and cajón instruments as their principal instruments principal. Raymond W. Kelly, the New York City Police Commissioner, is known for wearing a handkerchief in his pocket. ...

Figures of course represent cockfightsand the stumps, body-waste movements and hand movements; are done in gypsy musical style where flirting is done by the women, and the stud acts, and picaresque attitude called "machismo", is done by the man. Jump to: navigation, search Machismo is a noun of Spanish origin, and refers to a prominently exhibited or excessive masculinity. ...

Cultures that Surround TONDERO & CUMANANAS

El tondero is played by all coastal regions of the North; so we have styles from La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura (the official region and origin of Tondero) and even Tumbes.

The "chinganas" (traditional creole music bars) has the popular costume of putting a "White Flags" as sininomous invitations for newcomers or solitare bohemian northsmen "Piajenos" (how northern people call the typical farmers whom ride donkeys and mules) to come refresh themselves from the northern heat and have a "Chicha de Jora" drink. It is of course a great chance to listen to an old "Piajeno" farmer sing and play tondero rythms: most typically of northern Lambayeque and southern Piura.

The "Cumananas" and "Tristes"

The "Cumananas" and "Tristes" are somewhat like the Gypsy slow Zards or the Cante Jondo of Andalucia. After a few drinks of Pisco, Algarrobina or Chicha come the "Cumananas", who are coplas brought in "contra punto" style. Sung in satiric picaresque style but from a sad theme or tragic theme the "Triste" all surround the Tondero. Right before a Tondero it is common to play cumanana and tristes. You can hear the resemblance to the yaraví (Arequipa song) mestizo in the guitarr, gypsy roma balads of eastern europe or spain in the feeling and then comes the explosive line or "tundete" of guitar, the rythm of Tondero itself. ZARD is a female Japanese popular musician. ... Motto: Dominator Hercules Fundator Andaluc a por s , para Espa a y la humanidad (Andalusia for herself, for Spain, and for humanity) Capital Seville Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 2nd 87 268 km 17,2% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 1st 7 478 432 17,9% 85,70...

TERMINOLOGY OF THE WORD

The most probable is that the term tondero derives from the term "Volero" (flyer, birds that fly) or Bolero and after years of changes to Tondero (with a t) as faster version based on Zards and Flamenco. The musical composition of guitarra has a resemblance to the order of those trumpet gypsy bands found in Rumania or Hungry whom after tragic intro, flow as nomadic tunes.

Se we have a caravan-like feeling, where rythms of cajón resemble as if they where mules, donkie or even horse from Caravan. The stumping noise is acompanied by the "Tundete of the guitarr" that sounds like Ton-Ton-Tun. That is why it it probably changed into Tondero instead of Volero (Bolero); there is also a gypsy rythm called Volandero from what I've heard.

The music resembles primitive "Bulerias", "Tangos" or Zards yet played to the creative peruvian cockfights, in the movements.

FAMOUS TONDEROS

1. SAN MIGUEL DE PIURA: honoring of the first spanish city in south america (Piura)
2. ROSA VICTORIA: a famos tondero dance of Canchaque-Morropon
3. LA PERLA DEL CHIRA: sang in honor of river and valley of Chira in Sullana
4. SAN MIGUEL DE MORROPON: the City of Tondero farmers.
5. EL FORASTERO: in relation to there errant lifes-
6. COPLAS DE AMOR Y TONDERO: cumanana & tondero from Lambayque
7. LA GRIPE LLEGO A CHEPEN: flu came to Chepen City
8. MALABRIGO: honor of por in La Libertad region; badluck port
9. EN CHICLAYO NACIO DIOS: in honor a Chiclayo (hoy Trujillano).
10. JOSE ANTONIO: compuesed by Chabuca Granda in honor of the Peruvian Paso Horse (the most elegant of all) and the famoso gypsy chalán "José Antonio"

So if you ever visit Lambayeque, Sechura, Morropon or Piura you should always remember the sounds of a Tondero