• For the Melvins's album, see Tora Tora Tora (album)

Tora! Tora! Tora! is a 1970 American-Japanese film that dramatizes the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the series of American blunders that unintentionally improved its effectiveness. It won an Academy Award for best special effects.^[1] Image File history File links ToraTora. ... Richard Fleischer (born December 8, 1916) is an American film director. ... Kinji Fukasaku (深作欣二 Fukasaku Kinji) (3 July 1930 – 12 January 2003) was a Japanese film actor, writer and director. ... Toshio Masuda (born October 5, 1927) is a Japanese film director whose best known to Western audiences as the co-director of the Japanese portions of the 1970 film Tora Tora Tora. ... Darryl Francis Zanuck (September 5, 1902–December 22, 1979) was a producer, writer, actor and director who played a major part in the Hollywood studio system as one of its longest survivors (the length of his career being rivalled only by that of Adolph Zukor). ... Otto Lang (January 21, 1908 – January 30, 2006) was the founder of ski schools on Mt. ... Ladislas Farago was a journalist who published a number of popular books on history and espionage, especially concerning the World War II era. ... Gordon William Prange was the author of several World War II-based manuscripts, published after his death in 1980. ... Akira Kurosawa , 23 March 1910—6 September 1998) was a prominent Japanese film director, film producer, and screenwriter. ... Martin Henry Balsam (November 4, 1919 – February 13, 1996) was an American actor. ... Joseph Cotten, circa 1956. ... Everett Gunnar Marshall (June 18, 1910 - August 24, 1998) was an American actor who starred in 1957 movie 12 Angry Men. Marshall was born in Owatonna, Minnesota. ... Whitmore in The Asphalt Jungle James Allen Whitmore (born October 1, 1921) is an American film actor. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Jerrald King Goldsmith (February 10, 1929 – July 21, 2004) was a famous American film score composer from Los Angeles, California. ... Fox Plaza, the company headquarters. ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Melvins, 2002 (Kevin Rutmanis (left), Dale Crover (center), King Buzzo (right)) The Melvins are a rock music band, usually a trio, with singer/guitarist Buzz Osborne (aka King Buzzo) and drummer Dale Crover being constant; several bass guitarists have been through the group. ... Tora Tora Tora is a special release EP by rock band Melvins. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Husband Kimmel Walter Short others Chuichi Nagumo Tamon Yamaguchi Chuichi Hara Gunichi Mikawa Sentaro Omori others Strength 8 battleships, 8 cruisers, 29 destroyers, 9 submarines, ~50 other ships, ~390 aircraft 6 aircraft carriers, 9 destroyers, 2 battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 1 light cruiser...

Background

The title is made up of the code-words that were used by the Japanese to indicate that complete surprise was achieved (虎 tora is Japanese for "tiger", but in this case, "To" is the initial syllable of the Japanese word 突撃 totsugeki, meaning "charge" or "attack", and "ra" is initial syllable of 雷撃 raigeki, meaning "torpedo attack"). At the time of its initial movie release, it proved to be a major box office flop in US theatres--although it was a major hit in Japanese movie theaters--but over the years, video releases allowed a profit.^[2] The movie was critically acclaimed for its vivid action scenes (in fact several later films relating to World War II in the Pacific would use footage from Tora! Tora! Tora! including The Final Countdown and Midway) as well as its almost perfect documentary accuracy. Its most famous line about "awakening a sleeping giant", however, though widely assumed to be a quotation, may have been fictitious. The Final Countdown is also the name of an album and song by the rock band Europe. ... Midway is a 1976 war film made by the Mirisch Corporation and released by Universal Pictures . ... Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is credited with saying, after the attack on Pearl Harbor, I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve. ... A famous non-quotation is a well-known phrase attributed to someone who, in fact, did not say it. ...

The film is a dramatization based upon the actual history of events leading up to the attack, to the extent these facts were known at the time of production. While later research has shown many beliefs of the time to be incorrect^{[citation needed]}, nothing in the film was disproved. The commanders in Hawaii, General Short and Admiral Kimmel, though scapegoated for decades, are portrayed as taking defensive measures for the apparent threats, including relocation of the fighter aircraft at Pearl Harbor to the middle of the base, in response to fears of sabotage from local Japanese insurgents. They received limited warning of the increasing risk of aerial attack, which was better understood in Washington than in Honolulu. Walter Campbell Short (March 30, 1880–March 9, 1949) was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army and the U.S. military Commander responsible for the defense of U.S. military installations in Hawaii at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. ... Husband Edward Kimmel (February 26, 1882 – May 14, 1968) was an admiral in the United States Navy. ...

Storyline

The film opens with a change-of-command ceremony aboard the Japanese battleship Nagato, flagship for the newly appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto; he takes command from Osami Nagano. The two discuss America's embargo against Japan and its starving them of raw materials needed to fight the war. Both agree that a war with the United States would be a complete disaster for Japan, but army hotheads and politicians push through the alliance with Germany and start long term planning, believing the U.S. is pre-occupied with the war in Europe. The U.S. has also moved their Pacific fleet to Pearl Harbor, which Japanese officials regard as a "knife to the throat of Japan". Soon Yamamoto orders the planning of a pre-emptive strike on American forces in order to give the Japanese Navy a chance of defeating a more powerful enemy. Yamamoto believes Japan's only hope is to annihilate the American Pacific fleet. Pearl Harbor commanders debate their exposure to a torpedo attack but realize that torpedoes dropped from a plane will fall at least 75 feet below the surface. Since Pearl Harbor is only 40 feet deep, they feel they have a natural defense to torpedoes. But the Japanese have a plan to overcome this obstacle. Nagato (Japanese: 長門, named after Nagato province) was a battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the lead ship of her class. ... Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy. ... Isoroku Yamamoto ) (4 April 1884 – 18 April 1943) was a Fleet Admiral (Gensui) and Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II, graduate of Imperial Japanese Naval Academy and an alumnus of U.S. Naval War College and Harvard University (1919–1921). ... Osami Nagano ) (15 June 1880 – 5 January 1947) was a Fleet Admiral and General Staff in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War I and World War II. He essentially commanded the Imperial Japanese Navy as Chief of its General Staff. ...

In a major intelligence victory, American intelligence in Washington manages to break the Japanese Purple Code allowing the United States to intercept radio transmissions the Japanese think are secret. American intelligence in Washington is seen collecting increasingly threatening radio intercepts and conveying their concern to a White House staff that seems strangely unresponsive. The American response to high-quality intelligence in general appears lax although Pearl Harbor does increase air patrols and goes on full alert well before the raid. Not to be confused with Violet (color). ...

Japanese commanders call on the famous Air Staff Officer Minoru Genda to mastermind the attack. As the Japanese prepare for the attack, Admiral Kimmel and General Short, although hampered by a critical intelligence report about the attack fleet being too slow coming to them, do their best to enhance defenses. General Short calls for aircraft to be concentrated in the middle of their airfields to protect them against sabotage. A few are moved to outlying airfields, including two young Army lieutenants (Ken Taylor and George Welch) who are sent to Haleiwa, a subsidiary airfield. A more prudent move by Short is his placement of new radar stations including overcoming bureaucratic obstacles to their locations. Yamamoto is portrayed pressing Japanese authorities to try to avoid war and blaming the Japanese Army command for pressing too hard for war when peace is still an option. Yamamoto stresses that the United States is a mighty foe who would be extremely dangerous to provoke. In order to defeat the United States, Japan will have to invade the mainland and dictate terms of U.S. surrender on the White House steps, an eventuality Yamomoto clearly sees as impossible to achieve. Minoru Genda (源田実 Genda Minoru, 16 August 1904–15 August 1989) served in the Imperial Japanese Navy before and during World War II and in the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force after the war, eventually rising to the rank of major general. ... Kenneth M. Taylor, Brigadier General, USAF (ret) (December 23, 1919, Enid, Oklahoma - November 25, 2006, Tucson, Arizona) was a new Army Air Forces 2nd Lieutenant pilot stationed at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. ... Welch with his XP-86 Sabre George Welch, Major, USAF (May 10, 1918 – October 12, 1954) was a World War II flying ace, a Medal of Honor nominee, and an experimental aircraft pilot after the war. ... Historic twin-span Rainbow Bridge over the Anahulu River marks the north end entrance to old Haleʻiwa Town Haleʻiwa is a North Shore community and census-designated place (CDP) in the Waialua District of the Island of Oʻahu, City & County of Honolulu. ... This long range radar antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll. ...

(In a fortunate defensive move, the U.S. sent two aircraft carriers, the USS Enterprise (CV-6) and Lexington (CV-2) to sea to probe for the Japanese fleet although this did reduce the number of fighter aircraft available to protect the remainder of the fleet which remained at Pearl Harbor. If Japan had been able to destroy these aircraft carriers at Pearl Harbor, it would have been much more catastrophic for the Americans. Japanese commanders should have considered aborting the mission. Their intelligence revealed the carriers had left Pearl Harbor. But they had made a political decision to go to war that facts could not disrupt.) USS Enterprise (CV-6) was the sixth aircraft carrier of the United States Navy and the seventh US Navy ship of that name. ... The fourth USS Lexington (CV-2), nicknamed the Gray Lady or Lady Lex, was the second aircraft carrier of the United States Navy. ...

Diplomatic tensions increase between the US and Japan as the Japanese ambassador to the United States is seen asking Tokyo for more information to aid in negotiations to avoid war but getting little or nothing to work with. The Japanese commence a series of 14 radio messages from Tokyo to the Japanese embassy in Washington that will conclude with the declaration of war. But the Americans are translating the radio messages faster than the Japanese embassy. Hence, the Americans know of the attack before the Japanese ambassador informs them. American intelligence officers are seen trying in vain to inform Defense Department and White House staff of the growing threat, but getting little reaction.   , literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ...

On the morning of December 7, decision makers in Washington and Hawaii are seen enjoying a leisurely routine while American intelligence works feverishly to interpret the coded transmissions and learns the final message will be received precisely at 1:00pm Washington time. American intelligence notes that the final message instructs the Japanese Ambassador to destroy their code machines after they de-code the last of the 14 messages, an ominous point. Attempts to convey this message to American commanders fail because they are enjoying a Sunday of playing golf and horseback riding. Finally, Admiral Stark is informed of the increased threat, but decides not to inform Hawaii until after calling the President, although it is not clear if he takes any action at all. Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ...

Finally at 11:30am Washington time, Col. Bratton convinces army Chief of Staff Marshall that a greater threat exists and Marshall orders that Pearl Harbor be notified of a suspected impending attack. An American destroyer also notes a Japanese submarine trying to slip through the defensive net and enter Pearl Harbor, sinks it, and notifies Pearl Harbor. The Captain at Pearl Harbor dismisses the report thinking the new commander of the destroyer must have been over-excited. Just after 7am the two airmen posted at the remote radar unit spot the incoming Japanese aircraft and inform the Pearl Harbor Information Center, but the Lieutenant in charge dismisses the report, thinking it is a group of American B-17 planes coming from the mainland and frankly too tired to care (he simply said in a tired voice, "Don't worry about it, then hangs up the phone.) This article is about the geomorphological/geopolitical term; MAINLAND is also a cheese brand owned by Fonterra, a New Zealand dairy company. ...

The Japanese intend for their declaration of war to be issued at 1pm Washington time, 30 minutes before the attack. However, the typist for the Japanese ambassador is slow, and cannot de-code the 14th part fast enough. A final attempt to warn Pearl Harbor is stymied by poor atmospherics and bungling when the telegram is not marked urgent; it will be received by Pearl Harbor after the attack. The incoming Japanese fighter pilots are pleasantly surprised when there isn't even any anti-aircraft fire as they approach the base. As a result, the squadron leader radios in the code phrase marking that complete surprise for the attack has been achieved, "Tora, Tora, Tora."

Once the attack is launched, America's response is desperate and only partially effective. Upon seeing the Japanese low-level bombers, an American officer instructs his colleague to get the tail numbers so the pilot can be reported for safety violations; he thinks they are American planes. The sight of the offending plane then deliberately dropping a bomb on the base dispels that misapprehension. The scene switches to a band playing the National Anthem aboard the USS Nevada as Old Glory is raised. Noticing the large amount of Japanese planes, the band hastily finishes the song before manning their battlestations, finishing just as a bomb lands close to the ship. Anti-aircraft weapons are engaged, which includes seaman Doris Miller using an unattended gun, but with limited success. The actual B-17 pilots coming in from the mainland, un-armed and out of gas, are a bit surprised to fly into a war, but are able to land safely despite friendly fire from American anti-aircraft guns. The aircraft security precautions prove a disastrous mistake that allows the Japanese aerial forces to destroy the US P-40 Warhawk fighters on the ground with ease, thereby crippling an effective aerial counter-attack; All the planes on the runways at the major airfields were destroyed either as they took off or while they were still parked. Two American fighter pilots (portrayals of second lieutenants Ken Taylor and George Welch) race to Haleiwa and manage to take off, as the Japanese have not hit the smaller airfields. The catastrophic damage to the base is well detailed, with sailors fighting as long as they can and then abandoning sinking ships and jumping into the water with burning oil on the surface. The second United States Navy Nevada (BB-36) was a battleship, lead ship of her class of two (Oklahoma (BB-37) being the other). ... Old Glory is a common nickname for the Flag of the United States, bestowed by William Driver, an early 19th century American sea captain. ... Doris Dorie Miller (October 12, 1919 – November 24, 1943) was an African American cook in the United States Navy and a hero during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. ... Friendly fire (fratricide or non-hostile fire) is a term originally adopted by the United States military in reference to an attack on friendly forces by other friendly forces,[1] which may be deliberate (e. ... The Curtiss P-40 was an American fighter aircraft which first flew in 1938 and played a vital role in the crucial middle stages of World War II. Developed from the pre-war radial-engined P-36 Hawk, the P-40 became known as the Tomahawk, the Kittyhawk, and finally... Kenneth M. Taylor, Brigadier General, USAF (ret) (December 23, 1919, Enid, Oklahoma - November 25, 2006, Tucson, Arizona) was a new Army Air Forces 2nd Lieutenant pilot stationed at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. ... Welch with his XP-86 Sabre George Welch, Major, USAF (May 10, 1918 – October 12, 1954) was a World War II flying ace, a Medal of Honor nominee, and an experimental aircraft pilot after the war. ...

At the end, with the U.S. base in flames, its frustrated commanders finally get the telegram warning them of the danger. In Washington, the distraught Japanese ambassador, helpless to explain the late ultimatum and the unprovoked sneak attack, is bluntly rebuffed by the Secretary Of State. Finally, Admiral Yamamoto is seen lamenting the fact that the Americans did not receive the declaration of war until 55 minutes after the attack started and noting that nothing would infuriate the Americans more. He is quoted as saying "I fear that all we have done is awakened a sleeping giant, and filled him with a terrible resolve." While this indeed reflects what Yamamoto felt, the quote is now believed to be a fabrication.

Production and filming

The film was created in two separate productions, one based in the United States, directed by Richard Fleischer, and one based in Japan. The Japanese side of the production was initially directed by Akira Kurosawa, but after two years of work with no useful results, 20th Century Fox turned the project over to Kinji Fukasaku, who completed it.^[3] Akira Kurosawa , 23 March 1910—6 September 1998) was a prominent Japanese film director, film producer, and screenwriter. ... Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the six major American film studios. ... Kinji Fukasaku (深作欣二 Fukasaku Kinji) (3 July 1930 – 12 January 2003) was a Japanese film actor, writer and director. ...

Ladislas Farago, Larry Forrester, Ryuzo Kikushima, and Hideo Oguni wrote the screenplay, based on books written by Gordon Prange. Charles Wheeler, the cinematographer, was nominated for an Oscar. The film contains second unit and miniature photography, shot by Ray Kellogg. Jerry Goldsmith composed the film score. Gordon William Prange was the author of several World War II-based manuscripts, published after his death in 1980. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... In film, the second unit is a separate team that shoots footage which is of lesser importance for the final motion picture, as opposed to the first unit, which shoots all scenes involving actors, or at least the stars of the film. ... Jerrald King Goldsmith (February 10, 1929 – July 21, 2004) was a famous American film score composer from Los Angeles, California. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... A film score is a set of musical compositions written to accompany a film. ...

Numerous technical advisors on both sides, some of whom participated in the battle and/or planning were critical in maintaining the accuracy of the film. Minoru Genda, the man who largely planned and led the attack on Pearl Harbor is an uncredited technical advisor for the film. Minoru Genda (源田実 Genda Minoru, 16 August 1904–15 August 1989) served in the Imperial Japanese Navy before and during World War II and in the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force after the war, eventually rising to the rank of major general. ...

The "Japanese" aircraft carrier was the Anti-Submarine carrier USS Yorktown (CVS-10). The Japanese A6M Zero fighters, and somewhat longer "Kate" torpedo bombers or "Val" dive bombers were heavily modified RCAF Harvard (T-6 Texan) and BT-13 Valiant pilot training aircraft. These aircraft still make appearances at air shows. The fourth USS Yorktown (CV-10) (also CVS-10) was an Essex-class aircraft carrier of the United States Navy, now a museum ship in South Carolina. ... Mitsubishi A6M3 Zero wreck abandoned at Munda Airfield, Central Solomons, 1943. ... The T-6 Texan was a single-engine advanced trainer aircraft designed by North American Aviation, used to train fighter pilots of the United States Army Air Forces, United States Navy, Royal Air Force and other air forces of the British Commonwealth during World War II. The T-6 is... The BT-13 Valiant was a World War II-era basic trainer aircraft built by Vultee Aircraft for the United States Army Air Corps. ...

The footage of a B-17 Flying Fortress crash was of an actual aircraft that was used in the movie which had problems landing, intercut with actual wartime footage. Other U.S. aircraft used are the PBY Catalina and P-40 Warhawk. Fiberglass molds were made of a real P-40 used in the filming. The resulting replicas, some with working engines and props, were strafed and blown up during filming. The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is an American four-engine heavy bomber aircraft developed for the US Army Air Corps (USAAC). ... The PBY Catalina was the definitive air-sea rescue aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s. ... The Curtiss P-40 was an American fighter aircraft which first flew in 1938 and played a vital role in the crucial middle stages of World War II. Developed from the pre-war radial-engined P-36 Hawk, the P-40 became known as the Tomahawk, the Kittyhawk, and finally...

The flying scenes were complex to shoot, and can be compared to the 1969 film Battle of Britain. The 2001 film Pearl Harbor would contain scenes from both of these movies. Battle of Britain is a 1969 film directed by Guy Hamilton, and produced by Harry Saltzman and S Benjamin Fisz. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The carrier entering Pearl Harbor towards the end of the film was in fact the Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ship USS Tripoli (LPH-10), returning to port. A sailor onboard the Tripoli recounted that he saw the smoke and fire in the harbor, and the crew did not realize what was going on at first. The second USS Tripoli (LPH-10), an Iwo Jima class amphibious assault ship, was laid down on 15 June 1964 at Pascagoula, Mississippi, by the Ingalls Ship building Corporation; launched on 31 July 1965; sponsored by Mrs. ...

Film Errors

A few film errors are made in Tora! Tora! Tora!. One mistake involves the model of the Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi. In the film, Akagi's bridge island is positioned on the starboard side of the ship, which is typical on most aircraft carriers. However the aircraft carrier Akagi was an exception--its bridge island was on the port side of the ship. Secondly, all the Japanese airplanes in the footage bear the markings of Akagi's aircraft (a single vertical red stripe following the red sun symbol of Japan), even though five other aircraft carriers participated, each having their own markings. In addition, the markings do not display the aircraft's identification numbers as were the case in the actual battle. The large scale model of the stern of USS Nevada (BB-36) shows the two aft gun turrets with three gun barrels in each; in reality, Nevada's two heightened fore and aft turrets had two barrels each while the lower two turrets fore and aft had three barrels each. Another model of Nevada used in the film to portray the whole ship, displays the turrets accurately. It should be noted that the reason for this anomaly is because the aft section model was used in the film to portray both USS Nevada and USS Arizona (BB-39), as the ships looked remarkably similar except that Arizona had four triple turrets and a slightly different stern section. The Akagi (Japanese: 赤城, meaning red castle, a volcano in the Kantō region of Japan) was an aircraft carrier serving with the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The Akagi played a major part in the Attack on Pearl Harbor, but was sunk along with three other large carriers by... The second United States Navy Nevada (BB-36) was a battleship, lead ship of her class of two (Oklahoma (BB-37) being the other). ... Arizona (BB-39) in Pearl Harbor, see USS Arizona Memorial. ...

Cast

The film was deliberately cast with actors who were not true box-office stars, in order to place the emphasis on the story rather than the actors who were in it, as so often happens in all-star cast productions. These were the actors in the film: All-star (also, Allstar or All Star) is a term with meanings in both the worlds of sports and entertainment. ...

• Martin Balsam as Admiral Husband Kimmel, Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet
• Soh Yamamura as Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief, Combined Fleet
• Joseph Cotten as Secretary of War Henry Stimson
• Tatsuya Mihashi as Commander Minoru Genda, Air Staff, 1st Air Fleet
• E.G. Marshall as Lt. Colonel Rufus S. Bratton, Head of Army Intelligence's Far Eastern section
• James Whitmore as Vice Admiral William Halsey, Commander, Task Force 2
• Wesley Addy as Commander Alwin D. Kramer, ONI Far Eastern section
• Eijiro Tono as Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, Commander-in-Chief, 1st Air Fleet
• Jason Robards as Lt. General Walter Short, Commanding General United States Army in Hawaii
• Leon Ames as Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox
• Edward Andrews as Admiral Harold Rainsford Stark, United States Chief of Naval Operations
• George Macready as Secretary of State Cordell Hull
• Keith Andes as General George Marshall, Chief of Staff of the United States Army
• Takahiro Tamura as Commander Mitsuo Fuchida, Commander, Air Group
• Robert Karnes as Admiral James O. Richardson, outgoing Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet
• Meredith 'Tex' Weatherby as Joseph C. Grew, American Ambassador to Japan
• Shogo Shimada as Kichisaburo Nomura, Japanese Ambassador to the United States
• Koreya Senda as Prince Fumimaro Konoye, Prime Minister of Japan
• Asao Uchida as General Hideki Tojo, Japanese Minister of War
• Kazuo Kitamura as Yosuke Matsuoka, Japanese Foreign Minister
• Neville Brand as Lieutenant Kaminsky, the duty officer who continually notifies the higher authorities about the impending attack and becomes furious at his commanding officer when it happens.
• Richard Anderson as Captain John Earle, the officer who refuses to call an alert without verification
• Elven Havard as African-American mess cook and Navy Cross recipient "Dorie" Miller who took over an anti-aircraft gun on the USS West Virginia.

Martin Henry Balsam (November 4, 1919 – February 13, 1996) was an American actor. ... Husband Edward Kimmel (February 26, 1882 - May 14, 1958) was an admiral in the United States Navy. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... The United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT) is part of the US Navy. ... Isoroku Yamamoto ) (4 April 1884 – 18 April 1943) was a Fleet Admiral (Gensui) and Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II, graduate of Imperial Japanese Naval Academy and an alumnus of U.S. Naval War College and Harvard University (1919–1921). ... Combined Fleet was the ocean-going branch of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which was ruled under General Staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy (e. ... Joseph Cotten, circa 1956. ... The Secretary of War was a member of the United States Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. ... Henry L. Stimson Henry Lewis Stimson (September 21, 1867 – October 20, 1950) was an American statesman, who served as Secretary of War, Governor-General of the Philippines, and Secretary of State at various times. ... Minoru Genda (源田実 Genda Minoru, 16 August 1904–15 August 1989) served in the Imperial Japanese Navy before and during World War II and in the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force after the war, eventually rising to the rank of major general. ... Everett Gunnar Marshall (June 18, 1910 - August 24, 1998) was an American actor who starred in 1957 movie 12 Angry Men. Marshall was born in Owatonna, Minnesota. ... Colonel Rufus G. Bratton was Chief of Army and head of the War Departments G-2 (Intelligence Division) Far Eastern Section during World War II. A former West Pointer, Colonel Bratton was a language student in Japan and had attended the Japanese Imperial War College in 1932. ... Whitmore in The Asphalt Jungle James Allen Whitmore (born October 1, 1921) is an American film actor. ... William Bull Halsey William Frederick Bull Halsey, Jr. ... Wesley Addy is a American actor born on 4 August 1913 in Omaha, Nebraska. ... The Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) was established in the United States Navy in 1882. ... Eijirô Tono (17 September 1907 - 8 September 1994) was a Japanese actor who appeared in supporting roles in such films as Akira Kurosawas Yojimbo, Kihachi Okamotos Kill!, and Yasujiro Ozus Tokyo Story. ... Chuichi Nagumo (Japanese: 南雲 忠一, Nagumo ChÅ«ichi, March 25, 1887–July 6, 1944) was a Vice Admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and Commander of the 1st Air Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy for a while. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Walter Campbell Short (March 30, 1880–March 9, 1949) was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army and the U.S. military Commander responsible for the defense of U.S. military installations in Hawaii at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. ... Leon Ames (born January 20, 1902 in Portland, Indiana; died October 12, 1993 in Los Angeles, California), born Leon Waycoff to a Russian family, was an American film actor. ... Flag of the United States Secretary of the Navy. ... Frank Knox William Franklin Frank Knox (January 1, 1874–April 28, 1944) was the Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936. ... Andrews in the Twilight Zone episode Third from the Sun Edward Andrews (October 9, 1914 - March 8, 1985) was an American actor, most familiar today for his role as Howard Baker in Sixteen Candles. ... Harold Raynsford Stark (12 November 1880 – 21 August 1972) served as an officer in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II. Stark was the US Navys 8th Chief of Naval Operations, from August 1, 1939 to 26 March 1942. ... The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) is the senior military officer in the United States Navy. ... Actor George Macready in A Kiss Before Dying George Macready (August 29, 1908 - July 2, 1973) was a movie actor with a distintive scar (from an auto accident) that helped him land roles as aristocratic villians. ... Seal of the United States Department of State. ... Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871–July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... Actor Keith Andes in Clash by Night (1952) Keith Andes (July 12, 1920, Ocean City, New Jersey - November 11, 2005, Newhall, California) was an actor, usually the second lead, in films in the 1950s and 1960s. ... For other persons named George Marshall, see George Marshall (disambiguation). ... The Flag of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Chief of Staff of the United States Army (CSA) is the professional head of the United States Army who is responsible for insuring readiness of the Army. ... Fuchida in training for attack on Pearl Harbor Mitsuo Fuchida (December 3, 1902 - May 30, 1976) was a Lieutenant-Commander (少佐) in the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service and a pilot before and during World War II. He headed the formation that led the first wave of attacks on Pearl Harbor... Commander, Air Group, or CAG, refers to the senior officer responsible for air operations aboard an aircraft carrier of the U.S. Navy. ... James Otto Richardson (18 September 1878 – 2 May 1974) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served from 1902 to 1942. ... Joseph Grew was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 27, 1880. ... Kichisaburo Nomura (1877-1964) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and was the ambassador to the United States until Pearl Harbor. ... Fumimaro Konoe (近衛 文麿 Konoe Fumimaro) (sometimes Konoye, October 12, 1891–December 16, 1945) was a Japanese politician and the 34th (June 4, 1937–January 5, 1939), 38th (July 22, 1940–July 18, 1941) and 39th (July 18, 1941–October 18, 1941) Prime Minister... Hideki Tojo (KyÅ«jitai: 東條 英機; Shinjitai: 東条 英機;  ) (December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a General in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during the time when Japan was Empire of Japan; he served as prime minister during much of World War II, from October 18, 1941... Yosuke Matsuoka Japans Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka (front middle), Japanese ambassador Hiroshi Oshima and Adolf Hitler in Berlin waving to the parade . Yosuke Matsuoka (松岡 洋右 Matsuoka Yōsuke, March 3, 1880 – June 26, 1946) was a prominent Japanese Foreign Minister shortly before World War II. Born in Japan in 1880... Brand in D.O.A. (1950) Neville Brand (August 13, 1920 – April 16, 1992), was an American television and movie actor. ... Richard Anderson as Oscar Goldman in The Six Million Dollar Man Richard Anderson, born Richard Norman Anderson (born August 8, 1926 in Long Branch, New Jersey, USA) is an actor in film and television. ... The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. ... Doris Dorie Miller (October 12, 1919 – November 24, 1943) was an African American cook in the United States Navy and a hero during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. ... Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS West Virginia in honor of the 35th state. ...

Screenshots

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x633, 163 KB) Licensing A scene from the movie Tora! Tora! Tora!. Courtesy of JapaneseBomber. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x637, 284 KB) Summary A scene from the movie Tora! Tora! Tora!. Courtesy of JapaneseBomber. ...

See also

• Attack on Pearl Harbor
• Isoroku Yamamoto's sleeping giant quote

Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Husband Kimmel Walter Short others Chuichi Nagumo Tamon Yamaguchi Chuichi Hara Gunichi Mikawa Sentaro Omori others Strength 8 battleships, 8 cruisers, 29 destroyers, 9 submarines, ~50 other ships, ~390 aircraft 6 aircraft carriers, 9 destroyers, 2 battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 1 light cruiser... Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is credited with saying, after the attack on Pearl Harbor, I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve. ...

References

• Tora! Tora! Tora! at the Internet Movie Database