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A Torah database (מאגר תורני or מאגר יהדות) is an electronic collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which especially in Israel are often called "The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf" (ארון הספרים היהודי); the texts are in their original languages (Hebrew or Aramaic). These databases contain either keyed-in digital texts or a collection of page-images from printed editions. Given the nature of traditional Jewish Torah study, which involves extensive citation and cross-referencing among hundreds of texts written over the course of thousands of years, many Torah databases also make extensive use of hypertext links. Judaism is the religious culture of the Jewish people. ...
Torah study is the study of Jewish religious texts by Jews for the religious (as opposed to academic) purposes. ...
In computing, hypertext is a user interface paradigm for displaying documents which contain automated cross-references to other documents called hyperlinks. ...
A Torah database usually refers to a collection of primary texts, rather than translations or secondary research and reference materials. For the latter, see Judaica database.
Digital Text Software Packages
The Bar-Ilan Responsa Project The very first such database was the Bar-Ilan Responsa Project, which began in 1963 at the Weizmann Institute in Israel, migrated to Bar-Ilan University soon thereafter, and was up and running by 1967. It became available in time-sharing mode from university terminals in 1979, was transferred to CD-ROM in 1990, and version 1.0 was offered for sale to the public in 1992. The current version is number 13 or 13+ (the "plus" version contains an important secondary reference called the Talmudic Encyclopedia). [1] [2] The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע) is an institute of higher learning and research in Rehovot, Israel. ...
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, אוניברסיטת בר-אילן) is a university in Ramat Gan, a suburb of Tel Aviv, Israel. ...
The Responsa Project tries to base its electronic texts on the most accurate printed editions (though it seems that it is sometimes prevented from doing so because of copyright considerations), and it has a reputation for relatively error-free electronic texts based upon those editions. It also features approximately 360,000 hypertext links between the various collections within the database, as well as a topical halakhic index for the Shulhan Arukh and selected responsa. Since its early years it has employed a sophisticated search-engine specifically designed for Hebrew language texts. The Shulkhan Arukh (Hebrew: Prepared Table), by Rabbi Yosef Karo is considered the most authoritative compilation of Jewish law since the Talmud. ...
In recent years, the Responsa Project has made updates available once a year, between the Passover and Shavuot holidays. Passover, also known as Pesach or Pesah (פסח pesaḥ), is a Holy Day, observed by several religions, begining on the evening of the 14th day of Nisan and lasting seven days (in Israel and among some liberal Diaspora Jews, and eight days among other Diaspora Jews) that commemorates the exodus and...
Shavuot (Hebrew שבועות), ([seven] weeks) (pronounced: shah-voo-OH-t) is one of the three Biblical pilgrimage festivals. ...
DBS Master Library DBS rivals the Bar-Ilan Responsa project in size. It has less in the overall area of Halakha and hardly any responsa, but it includes far more in the following areas: Jewish philosophy, Kabbalah, Hasidut, biblical commentaries, and late halakhic works. The major subcollections within DBS are also sold individually. Halakha (הלכה or Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish rabbinic law, custom and tradition. ...
Note: This is based on an entry from the 1906 public domain Jewish Encyclopedia The responsa literature, known in Hebrew as Sheelot U-teshuvot (questions and answers), is the body of written decisions and rulings given by rabbis to questions addressed to them. ...
DBS contains a good number of Hebrew texts with vowels (niqqud); see below. Criticisms: It does not have extensive hypertext links between its various large collections, and it has also been criticized for poor proofreading and error-laden texts. In Hebrew orthography, Niqqud or Nikkud (Standard Hebrew × Ö´×§Ö¼×•Ö¼×“, Biblical Hebrew × Ö°×§Ö»×“Ö¼×•Ö¹×ª, Tiberian Hebrew vowels) is the system of diacritical vowel points (or vowel marks) in the Hebrew alphabet. ...
A Torah database (מאגר תורני or מאגר יהדות) is an electronic collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which especially in Israel are often called The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf (ארון הספרים היהודי); the texts are in their original languages, usually Hebrew or Aramaic. ...
In computing, hypertext is a user interface paradigm for displaying documents which contain automated cross-references to other documents called hyperlinks. ...
The Torah Bookshelf ("Halamish") Otzar ha-Poskim (also see below) produces "The Torah Bookshelf," a large digital collection of basic texts called "Halamish" (Ha-Sifriyah ha-Toranit) in Hebrew, currently in version 3.0. A Torah database (מאגר תורני or מאגר יהדות) is an electronic collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which especially in Israel are often called The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf (ארון הספרים היהודי); the texts are in their original languages, usually Hebrew or Aramaic. ...
Ariel Ariel (currently version 2.1) uses the same software as Otzar Haposkim’s "Torah Bookshelf" and is similar to it in scope (a large basic collection), but many of the titles in the two collections are not the same.
Judaic Bookshelf Also a very large collection.
Mikra'ot Gedolot Haketer Bar-Ilan University's project to produce an entirely new critical edition of the Mikra'ot Gedolot is also being made available not only in printed volumes,[3] but also in electronic form. The project contains four main elements: Bar-Ilan University (BIU, אוניברסיטת בר-אילן) is a university in Ramat Gan, a suburb of Tel Aviv, Israel. ...
- The biblical text (based on the Aleppo codex and a careful reconstruction of its missing parts) is keyed-in, including vowels and cantillation signs, allowing for sophisticated research on details of grammar.
- The mesorah is also keyed in (also based on the Aleppo codex and supplemented by a special commentary.
- The Targum is included with vowels, based on the Yemenite Taj.
- The biblical commentaries are also keyed-in as fresh new critical editions, including textual variants from manuscripts.
The CD-ROM is currently in version 2.0 (beta). The Aleppo Codex (the Keter (Crown) Aram Tzova) is the oldest complete manuscript Hebrew Bible, though scrolls of individual books of the Tanakh are much older (see Dead Sea scrolls). ...
Cantillation (Hebrew: ta`amei ha-mikra or just te`amim; Yiddish trope is also commonly used in English) comprises special signs or marks in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) which complement the letters and vowel points. ...
The Masoretic Text (MT) is the Hebrew text of the Tanakh approved for general use in Judaism. ...
The Aleppo Codex (the Keter (Crown) Aram Tzova) is the oldest complete manuscript Hebrew Bible, though scrolls of individual books of the Tanakh are much older (see Dead Sea scrolls). ...
A targum (plural: targumim) is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) written or compiled in the Land of Israel or in Babylonia from the Second Temple period until the early Middle Ages (late first millennium). ...
(Note: Although also under the auspices of Bar-Ilan University, this project is unrelated to the Bar-Ilan Responsa Project.)
Digital Hebrew Texts with Vowels (Niqqud)
Tanakh Tanakh is available as a keyed-in digital Hebrew text with vowels (niqqud) in all of the above software packages. 11th century Targum Tanakh [תנ״ך] (also spelt Tanach or Tenach) is an acronym for the three parts of the Hebrew Bible, based upon the initial Hebrew letters of each part: Torah [תורה] (The Law; also: Teaching or Instruction), Chumash [חומש] (The five, also Pentateuch or The five books of...
In Hebrew orthography, Niqqud or Nikkud (Standard Hebrew × Ö´×§Ö¼×•Ö¼×“, Biblical Hebrew × Ö°×§Ö»×“Ö¼×•Ö¹×ª, Tiberian Hebrew vowels) is the system of diacritical vowel points (or vowel marks) in the Hebrew alphabet. ...
The Mikra'ot Gedolot Haketer package includes not only the vowels, but also cantillation signs. Tanakh with both vowels and cantillation is also available as online freeware from Mechon Mamre (see below). Both versions are based on the Aleppo codex, but Mechon Mamre's edition is based on the editing method of Rabbi Mordecai Breuer, which differs slightly from the Mikra'ot Gedolot Haketer edition in some small details. Cantillation (Hebrew: ta`amei ha-mikra or just te`amim; Yiddish trope is also commonly used in English) comprises special signs or marks in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) which complement the letters and vowel points. ...
A Torah database (מאגר תורני or מאגר יהדות) is an electronic collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which especially in Israel are often called The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf (ארון הספרים היהודי); the texts are in their original languages, usually Hebrew or Aramaic. ...
The Aleppo Codex (the Keter (Crown) Aram Tzova) is the oldest complete manuscript Hebrew Bible, though scrolls of individual books of the Tanakh are much older (see Dead Sea scrolls). ...
Targum Both Targum Onkelos on the Torah and Targum Jonathan on Nevi'im are vowelized (based on Yemenite manuscripts) in the digital texts of Mikra'ot Gedolot Haketer. Targum Onkelos is vowelized in the Judaic Bookshelf package. Categories: Judaism-related stubs | Jewish texts ...
Torah, (תורה) is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or especially law. It primarily refers to the first section of the Tanakh–the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, or the Five Books of Moses, but can also be used in the general sense to also include both the...
Targum Jonathan (ben Uzziel) (תרגום יונתן בן עוזיאל) is the official eastern (Babylonian) targum to the Neviim. ...
Neviim [נביאים] or Prophets is the second of the three major sections in the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). ...
Categories: Judaism-related stubs | Jewish texts ...
Mishnah The Mishnah is included as a keyed-in digital Hebrew text with vowels in all of the general software packages above except for the Bar-Ilan Responsa Project. The vowels in the "Halamish" package seem to be based upon the Albeck edition of the Mishnah (see Mishnah). The Mishnah (Hebrew משנה, Repetition) is a major source of rabbinic Judaisms religious texts. ...
Siddur and liturgy Siddur: Digital siddurim with vowels (according to various customs) are included in DBS (Ashkenaz, Sefard, Sefaradi/Edot Mizrah), Judaic Bookshelf (Ashkenaz, Sefard), and Ariel (Ashkenaz, Sefard, Sefaradi/Edot Mizrah). The latest version of DBS (version 10) also includes mahzorim, selihot, and the Passover Haggadah. The siddur is the prayerbook used by Jews the world over, containing a set order of daily prayers. ...
Haggadah for Passover, 14th century The Haggadah (הגדה) is a Hebrew language text used at the Passover service containing the Seder. ...
Popular ethical works (musar) Popular ethical works are normally vowelized in published editions. DBS's collection of such works includes vowels in the electronic editions.
Popular halakhic works Some of these are also vowelized in DBS.
Page-Image Software Packages
Otzar HaHochma This ambitious new project is based the page-images of over 15,000 printed books (and even a few manuscripts). About a third of these volumes are also searchable. The system allows the user to add notes to the texts and create his own hyperlinks.
Otzar ha-Shut Otzar ha-Poskim produces "Otzar ha-Shut" (hyperlinked images of individual responsa indexed according to the order of the Shulhan Arukh). This package also includes "Halamish" (see above). The Shulkhan Arukh (Hebrew: Prepared Table), by Rabbi Yosef Karo is considered the most authoritative compilation of Jewish law since the Talmud. ...
A Torah database (מאגר תורני or מאגר יהדות) is an electronic collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which especially in Israel are often called The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf (ארון הספרים היהודי); the texts are in their original languages, usually Hebrew or Aramaic. ...
The Steinzaltz Talmud on CD-ROM The Steinsaltz Talmud is available as searchable PDF images on CD-ROM. All material from the printed edition is included, but it can be copied and pasted only as images and not as digital text. Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz or Even Yisrael (born 1937) is a teacher, philosopher, social critic and prolific author who has been hailed by Time magazine as a once-in-a-millennium scholar. ...
Free Torah Libraries Online All of the databases listed above are patented commercial products, and may not be used without permission of the copyright holders. Currently, no special free content project exists for keying traditional Jewish books into digital form. However, the Hebrew Wikisource does host such texts when they are contributed by volunteer typists. Free content is any kind of functional work, artwork, or other creative content upon which no legal restriction has been placed that significantly interferes with peoples freedom to use, understand, redistribute, improve, and share the content. ...
There are also some online projects that make either digital texts, or public domain images of old books, available to the public for free:
Mechon Mamre (digital freeware) Mechon Mamre makes the following digital Hebrew texts available as freeware: Freeware is computer software which is made available free of charge, although typically freeware is proprietary. ...
- Tanakh (including versions with vowels and cantillation signs)
- Four major sources of the Oral Law:
- Mishneh Torah of Maimonides (based on Yemenite manuscripts)
The digital texts available at Snunit[4] are taken (with permission) from Mechon Mamre. 11th century Targum Tanakh [תנ״ך] (also spelt Tanach or Tenach) is an acronym for the three parts of the Hebrew Bible, based upon the initial Hebrew letters of each part: Torah [תורה] (The Law; also: Teaching or Instruction), Chumash [חומש] (The five, also Pentateuch or The five books of...
Cantillation (Hebrew: ta`amei ha-mikra or just te`amim; Yiddish trope is also commonly used in English) comprises special signs or marks in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) which complement the letters and vowel points. ...
The Mishnah (Hebrew משנה, Repetition) is a major source of rabbinic Judaisms religious texts. ...
The first page of the Talmud, in the standard Vilna edition. ...
The Jerusalem Talmud (In Hebrew Talmud Yerushalmi, in short known as the Yerushalmi), also known as the Palestinian Talmud, (not related to current Palestinian issues at all!), was written in the Land of Israel at the same time of the writing of the the Babylonian Talmud, (which is known as...
The Mishnah is the basic compilation of the Oral law of Judaism; it was written compile around 200 CE. The Tosefta is a second compilation of oral law from that period. ...
The Mishneh Torah or Yad ha-Chazaka is a code of Jewish law by one of the most important Jewish authorities, Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, better known as Maimonides or by the Hebrew abbreviation RaMBaM (usually written Rambam in English). ...
Seforim Online (public domain images) "Seforim Online" ("seforim" means "books") provides PDF images of several hundred classic rabbinic texts for downloading. Many or most of them are hard-to-find or rare editions.
HebrewBooks.org (public domain images) This website concentrates on the works of North American rabbis (in Hebrew, Yiddish, and English). Thousands of out-of-print books and journals may be downloaded as PDF images.
External links
Commercial software packages
Free Torah Libraries Online Rabbi M.M. Schneerson The third Rebbe of the Chabad Lubavitch dynasty was also named Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (with a h) Menachem Mendel Schneerson (April 18, 1902-June 12, 1994) was an Orthodox Judaism rabbi who was the seventh and last Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad Lubavitch branch of...
Other texts online - The Hebrew Wikisource contains an extensive, frequently updated list (in Hebrew) of many dozens of digital "Jewish Bookshelf" texts freely available on various websites. The list may be found here.
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