The Toucouleur Empire was founded in the nineteenth century by El Hadj Umar Tall of the Toucouleur people, in part of present-day Mali. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... El Hadj Umar Tall (1797 - 1864) was a conqueror and Toucouleur king who founded a brief empire encompassing much of what is now Guinea, Senegal, and Mali. ... Takrur was one of the minor Iron Age states of West Africa, which flourished roughly parallel to the Kingdom of Ghana. ...

Umar Tall returned from the Hajj in 1836 with the titles of El Hadj and caliph of the Tijaniyya brotherhood of the Sudan. After a long stay in Fouta-Toro (present day Senegal), he moved to Fouta Djallon (present-day Guinea), which became the staging ground for his 1850 jihad. The Hajj or Haj (Arabic حَجّ Ḥaǧǧ) is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. ... 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Tijani order (sufi tarika) was founded in Fez in the 1780s by Ahmad al-Tidjani (d. ... Futa Toro (formerly known as Mussukeba Sane) is a region of Northern Senegal and Southern Mauritania in the Senegal River Valley. ... Fouta Djallon is a highland region in Guinea, West Africa. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Jihad (ǧihād جهاد) is an Islamic term, from the Arabic root ǧhd (to exert utmost effort, to strive, struggle), which connotes a wide range of meanings: anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith to just cause in a political or military sense. ...

Abandoning his assault on the French colonial army after an 1857 failure to conquer Medina fort, Umar Tall struck out against the Bambara kingdoms with much greater success. Conquering Ségou on March 10, 1861, he made it the capital of his empire, though a year later he left its management to his son Ahmadu Tall to conquer Hamdullahi, capital of the Peul empire of Massina. Umar Tall again tasted defeat in a failed attempt to conquer Timbuktu, and retreated to Deguembéré, near Bandiagara of the Dogon region. In 1864, he died there in an explosion of his gunpowder reserves. World map of colonialism circa 1945. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Bambara, also known as Bamanankan, is a language spoken in Mali by as many six million people. ... Ségou or Segu is a city in Mali, lying northeast of Bamako on the River Niger, in the region of Ségou. ... March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Categories: Africa-related stubs | Burkina Faso | Cameroon | Ethnic groups of Africa | Fulani Empire | Mali | Nigeria ... See Timbuktu (novel) for the book by Paul Auster. ... Bandiagara is a city in the Malian Land of the Dogons. A sandy formation of cliffs and plateaux in the region is also known as Bandiagara. ... The Dogon village of Banani. ... 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Gunpowder is a substance which burns very rapidly and is used as a propellant in firearms. ...

His nephew Tidiani Tall succeeded him and installed the capital of the Toucouleur Empire at Bandiagara. At Segou, Ahmadu Tall continued to reign, successfully suppressing the attempts of several neighboring cities to break away, but he found himself in increasing conflict with his brothers.

In 1890, the French, allied with the Bambara, entered Ségou, and Ahmadu fled to Sokoto in present-day Nigeria, marking the effective end of the empire. 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Sokoto (which is the modern/anglicised version of the local name, Sakkwato; also known as Sakkwato, Birnin Shaihu da Bello or Sokoto, Capital of Shaihu and Bello) is a city located in the Northwestern region of Nigeria, and is the modern day capital of Sokoto State (and its predecessor, the...

Reference

This article is based on a translation of the corresponding article from the French Wikipedia, retrieved on July 1, 2005.

External link

A Map of the Toucouleur Empire