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Toxicity Class refers to a classification system for pesticides created by a national or international government-related or -sponsored organization. It addresses the acute toxicity of agents such as soil fumigants, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides, or rodenticides. A cropduster spreading pesticide. ...
Look up toxic and toxicity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Fumigation is a method of pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within. ...
Fungicides are pesticides for destruction or development prevention of fungi. ...
A herbicide is a pesticide used to kill unwanted plants. ...
Insecticide application by crop spraying An insecticide is a pesticide whose purpose is to kill or to prevent the multiplication of insects. ...
Miticides are pesticides that kill mites. ...
A nematicide is a chemical used to kill parasitic nematodes (a phylum of worms). ...
Rat poisons are a category of pest control chemicals intended to kill rats. ...
General considerations Assignment to a Toxicity Class is based typically on results of acute toxicity studies such as the determination of LD50 values in animal experiments, notably rodents, via oral, or sometimes inhaled, or external application. The experimental design measures the acute death rate of an agent. The Toxicity Class generally does not address issues of other potential harm of the agent, such as bioaccumulation, issues of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, or mutagenic effects, or the impact on reproduction. An LD50 test being administered In toxicology, the LD50 or colloquially semilethal dose of a particular substance is a measure of how much constitutes a lethal dose. ...
Families See Classification Section The order Rodentia is the most numerous of all the branches on the mammal family tree. ...
To bioaccumulate literally means to accumulate in a biological system. ...
// Carcinogen In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. ...
Teratogenesis is a medical term from the Greek, literally meaning monster making. ...
In biology, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is an agent that changes the genetic information (usually DNA) of an organism and thus increases the number of mutations above the natural background level. ...
For other uses, see Reproduction (disambiguation) Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. ...
Regulating agencies may require that packaging of the agent is labeled with a Signal Word, a specific warning label to indicate the level of toxicity to the public.
EPA (United States) The Environmental Protection Agency knows four Toxicity Classes. Class I to III are required to carry a Signal Word on the label to warn users of the toxicity. Pesticides are regulated by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA). EPA redirects here. ...
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1972 (amended somewhat in 1996 by the Food Quality Protection Act) set up the basic US system of pesticide regulation to protect applicators, consumers and the environment. ...
Toxicity Class I - most toxic;
- requires Signal Word: "Danger-Poison"
-
- Possibly followed by:
- "Fatal if swallowed", "Poisonous if inhaled", "Extremely hazardous by skin contact--rapidly absorbed through skin", or "Corrosive--causes eye damage and severe skin burns".
Toxicity Class II - moderate toxic
- Signal Word: "Warning"
-
- possibly followed by:
- "Harmful or fatal if swallowed", "Harmful or fatal if absorbed through the skin", "Harmful or fatal if inhaled", or "Causes skin and eye irritation".
Toxicity Class III - slightly toxic
- Signal Word: Caution
-
- possibly followed by:
- "Harmful if swallowed", "May be harmful if absorbed through the skin", "May be harmful if inhaled", or "May irritate eyes, nose, throat, and skin".
Toxicity Class IV - practically nontoxic
- no Signal Word required since 2002.
Furthermore, the EPA classifies pesticides into those than can be applied by anybody: General Use Pesticides, and those that are restricted, meaning, their application needs to be done by or under the supervision of a certified individual. Application of Restricted Use Pesticides requires that a record of the application is kept. Because of safety concerns, some pesticides are not available to the general public in the USA. The Restricted Use classification restricts a product, or its uses, to use by a certificated pesticide applicator or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator. ...
Generally, agents of Class I will kill an adult person at a dose of less than 5 grams (less than a teaspoon), of Class II at 5-30 grams, and of Class III at more than 30 grams.
WHO The World Health Organization names four toxicity classes as follows: WHO emblem The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ...
- Class I – a: extremely hazardous;
- Class I – b: highly hazardous;
- Class II: moderately hazardous;
- Class III: slightly hazardous.
European Union There are three toxicity classes in the classification system by the European Union, namely: - Class I: very toxic
- Class II: toxic
- Class III: harmful.
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