It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Economic sanctions. (Discuss)

Trade sanctions are trade penalties imposed by one or more countries on one or more other countries. Typically the sanctions take the form of import tariffs (duties), licensing schemes or other administrative hurdles. They tend to arise in the context of an unresolved trade or policy dispute, such as a disagreement about the fairness of some policy affecting international trade (imports or exports). Image File history File links Merge-arrow. ... Economic sanctions are economic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries) on another for a variety of reasons. ... This article is about economic exchange. ... Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank   Money supply Fiscal policy Spending   Deficit   Debt Trade policy Tariff   Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate   Personal Public   Banking   Regulation        For other uses of this word, see tariff (disambiguation). ... Non-tariff barriers to trade are restrictions to imports but are not in the usual form of a tariff. ...

For example, one country may conclude that another is unfairly subsidising exports of one or more products, or unfairly protecting some sector from competition (from imported goods or services). The first country may retaliate by imposing import duties, or some other sanction, on goods or services from the second. Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between nations, through methods such as high tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, a variety of restrictive government regulations designed to discourage imports, and anti-dumping laws in an attempt to protect domestic industries in a particular nation from foreign take-over...

Trade sanctions are distinguished from economic sanctions, which are used as a punitive measure in international relations (examples being recent US or multilateral sanctions against Cuba, Iraq, or North Korea).^{[dubious – discuss]} Economic sanctions are economic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries) on another for a variety of reasons. ...

Politics of trade sanctions

Trade sanctions is frequently retaliatory in nature. For example, in 2002 the United States placed import tariffs on steel in an effort to protect its industry from more efficient foreign producers, such as China and Russia. The WTO ruled that these tariffs were illegal. The European Union threatened retaliatory tariffs on a range of US goods, forcing the US government to remove the steel tariffs in early 2004. Economic sanctions frequently result in trade wars. The World Trade Organization is the world governing body for trade disputes. Also see: 2002 (number). ... The steel tariff is a political issue in the United States regarding a tariff that President George W. Bush placed on imported steel on March 5, 2002 (took effect March 20). ... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ... A trade war refers to two or more nations raising or creating tariffs or other trade barriers on each other in retaliation for other trade barriers. ... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ...

Sanctions can be a coercive measure for achieving particular policy goals (such as United States sanctions against Brazil over patent law in the late 1980s). For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ...

Sanctions can be include a software that may not be downloaded or otherwise exported or re-exported to any country subject to U.S. trade sanctions governing the software: countries including Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria.

Recent historical examples of trade sanctions

Worldwide there have been many examples of such disputes and associated sanctions. For example, American steel companies requested, and were at times granted, protection from steel imports that they claimed enjoyed an unfair advantage due to the economic policy of the steel exporting country. At times it was asserted that the exporting company was dumping steel overseas (in the USA) at below cost. See United States steel tariff 2002 For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... The steel tariff is a political issue in the United States regarding a tariff that President George W. Bush placed on imported steel on March 5, 2002 (took effect March 20). ...

Again, as the Asian economies became more and more effective competitors on the international stage, achieved largely via export-led growth, many countries imposed import tariffs and other measures aimed at protecting domestic industries. The intention was not always permanent protection (of the threatened industry) but sometimes an attempt to give the domestic firms time to adjust to a changed competitive context.

The disagreements that occur are not only bi-lateral and can be fundamental to the working of the global economy and e.g. to the alleviation of global poverty. As of September, 2003, World Trade Organisation talks in Cancún broke down between the advanced nations and the developing world. Unresolved issues include that of whether the advanced nations are unfairly subsidising their agricultural sectors to the detriment of the developing world (that might otherwise sell more agricultural produce into e.g. the USA and Europe). Location of Cancún Location of Cancún Coordinates: , Country Mexico State Municipality Benito Juárez Foundation April 20, 1970 Government  - Mayor Francisco Antonio Alor Quezada (PRI) Highest elevation 10 m (30 ft) Lowest elevation 0 m (0 ft) Population (2005)  - Total 572,973  - Demonym Cancunense Time zone CST (UTC...

Links

• Steel Trap: How Subsidies and Protectionism Weaken the U.S. Steel Industry
• Article by Steve Charnovitz on WTO trade sanctions
• U.S. Sanctions Against Burma: A Failure on All Fronts

See also

• Countervailing duties
• Economic sanctions
• Protectionism
• Trade war
• International sanctions