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Trafford Park is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Located immediately south of Salford Quays, on the southern side of the Manchester Ship Canal, it is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) west-southwest of Manchester City Centre, and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) north of Stretford. For other uses, see Trafford (disambiguation). ... Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England which has a population of 2. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... , Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. ... The canal at its Manchester end, looking towards Old Trafford. ... City of Manchester. ... Stretford is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. ...

Trafford Park is almost entirely surrounded by water. The Bridgewater Canal forms its southeastern and southwestern boundaries, and the Manchester Ship Canal forms its northeastern and northwestern boundaries. The park occupies an area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km²),^[1] and is the site of a large industrial estate, the first planned industrial estate in the world,^[2] and the largest in Europe.^[3] There are over 1,400 companies within the park, employing an estimated 44,000 people.^[1] At its peak in 1945, there were an estimated 75,000 workers employed. The Bridgewater Canal is a navigable canal in the north west of England, connecting Runcorn and Manchester. ... An industrial park (or industrial estate in British English) is an area of land set aside for industrial development. ...

History

Pre-industrial

Until the industrial development of the park began, in the late 19th century, much of the area now known as Trafford Park was a "beautifully timbered deer park". It was formerly the ancestral estate of the family that has lent its name to the area, the de Trafford family, one of the most ancient families in England. Sometime between 1672 and 1720, the de Traffords moved from the home that they had occupied since 1017, in what is now known as Old Trafford, to what was then called Whittleswick Hall, which they renamed Trafford Hall.^[4] Their new home was a little to the east of where Tenax Circle is now, at the northwestern end of Trafford Park Road. Deer Park is the name of some places in the United States of America: Deer Park, Illinois Deer Park, Maryland Deer Park, New York Deer Park, Texas Deer Park, Washington Deer Park is also a neighbourhood in Toronto, site of Upper Canada College. ... Trafford is an English surname of Anglo-Saxon origin. ... , Old Trafford is an area of Stretford in Greater Manchester, England. ...

The Old Trafford entrance lodge and gates to Trafford Park.

Trafford Park contained the hall, its grounds, and three farms: Park Farm, Moss Farm, and Waters Meeting Farm.^[5] There were three entrance lodges to the park, at Throstle Nest, Old Trafford, and Barton-upon-Irwell. The Old Trafford entrance lodge is the only one to have survived, having been relocated from its original position opposite what is today White City to become the entrance to Gorse Hill Park. An old map shows the whole area as Trafford Heath, and inside it a smaller Trafford Park. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... , Old Trafford is an area of Stretford in Greater Manchester, England. ... An area that is located in Eccles that is immediately situated on the north bank of the Manchester ship canal. ...

In 1761, a section of the Bridgewater Canal was built through the southeast and southwest sides of Trafford Park. Along with the River Irwell, marking the estate's northern boundary, that gave the park its present-day "island-like" quality.^[6] In about 1860, an 8-acre (3.2 ha) ornamental lake was added to the park. This became filled with foundry waste and builders' rubble during the mid 20th century. What remains of the lake is now the centrepiece of Trafford Ecology Park.^[3] The Bridgewater Canal is a navigable canal in the north west of England, connecting Runcorn and Manchester. ... A foundry is a factory which produces castings of metal, both ferrous and non-ferrous. ...

In 1882, a meeting held at the Didsbury home of engineer Daniel Adamson began the estate's transformation, with the creation of the Manchester Ship Canal committee. Sir Humphrey de Trafford was an implacable opponent of the proposed canal.^[7] He objected, amongst other things, that it would bring polluted water close to his residence, interfere with his drainage, and render Trafford Hall uninhabitable, forcing him to "give up his home and leave the place".^[8] In spite of Sir Humphrey's opposition, the Ship Canal Bill became law on 6 August 1885, after two previous Bills had failed to get through Parliament. However, the construction of the canal did not begin until 1888, more than two years after Sir Humphrey had died. Didsbury is a suburb of Manchester, in North West England. ... Daniel Adamson (30 April 1820 – 13 January 1890) was a notable English engineer who became a successful manufacturer of boilers and was the driving force behind the inception of the Manchester Ship Canal project during the 1880s. ... The canal at its Manchester end, looking towards Old Trafford. ... Sir Humphrey de Trafford (1808–1886) was a prominent English Roman Catholic. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The Manchester Ship Canal was opened in 1894, making Trafford Park a prime site for industrial development. During the following century, Trafford Park was built over with factories and some working-class housing. Neither the deer park nor the ancestral home of the de Trafford family, Trafford Hall, survived its 20th century industrialisation. The canal at its Manchester end, looking towards Old Trafford. ...

Early development

On 7 May 1896, Sir Humphrey Francis de Trafford put the estate up for auction, but it failed to reach its reported reserve price of £300,000.^[9] There was much public debate, before and after the abortive sale, as to whether Manchester Corporation ought to buy Trafford Park. But it could not agree terms quickly enough, and so, on 23 June 1896, Ernest Terah Hooley became the new owner of Trafford Park, for the sum of £360,000. is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Sir Humphrey Francis de Trafford (1862-1929) was an English landowner and racehorse breeder. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ...

On 17 August 1896, Hooley formed Trafford Park Estates Ltd, transferring his ownership of the park to the new company—of which he was the chairman and a significant shareholder—at a substantial profit. The initial plans for the estate included a racetrack, exclusive housing, and a cycle works, along with the development of the Ship Canal frontage for "all types of trade including timber". By this time the Ship Canal had been open for two years, but the predicted traffic had yet to materialise. Hooley met with Marshall Stevens, the general manager of the Ship Canal Company. Both men recognised the benefit that the industrial development of Trafford Park could offer to the Ship Canal, and the Ship Canal to the estate. In January 1897, Stevens became the managing director of Trafford Park Estates. is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Alternative use: Race track Racetrack is a pencil and paper game, nominally for two players. ...

Like any commercial enterprise, Trafford Park Estates had to generate an income for its investors. The company chose not to construct buildings for letting, but instead to lease land for development by the tenant. However, it could not afford simply to wait for prospective tenants to come forward, and so the park's existing assets had to be made use of in the meantime:

• Trafford Hall was opened as a hotel in 1899. It had 42 bedrooms, available to "Gentlemen only". It was intended that the hotel would serve the prospective industrialists considering a move to the park, along with their key employees.

• The ornamental lake was leased to William Crooke and Sons, for use as a boating lake, initially on a five year lease. The lake continued to be used for leisure activities until the 1930s.^[3]

• Manchester Golf Club leased 80 acres (32.4 ha) of land near the Hall, on which it set up a three mile long golf course. In 1912, the club moved from Trafford Park to a new site at Hopwood Park.^[10]

• Trafford Hall's stables and some other outbuildings were used for stock auctions and selling horses, from 1900–1902. A polo ground was also set up in the park.

• The Trafford Park Hotel was built in 1902, on the corner of Third Avenue and Ashburton Road.

All of the open-field land uses were subsequently pushed out by industry. For other uses, see Polo (disambiguation). ...

Industrialisation

Entrance to Trafford Park's industrial estate.

Among the first industries to arrive was the Manchester Patent Fuel Company, in 1898. The Trafford Brick Company arrived soon after, followed by J.W Southern & Co. (timber merchants), James Gresham (engineers), and W.T. Glovers & Co. (electric cable manufacturers). Glovers also built a power station in the park, on the banks of the Bridgewater Canal. Most of these early developments were built on the eastern side of the park, with the rest remaining largely undeveloped. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... The Bridgewater Canal is a navigable canal in the north west of England, connecting Runcorn and Manchester. ...

The first American company to arrive was Westinghouse, which formed its British subsidiary – British Westinghouse Electric Company – in 1899, and purchased 130 acres (52.6 ha) on two sites. Building work started in 1900, and the factory began production in 1902, making turbines and electric generators. By the following year, British Westinghouse was employing approximately half of the 12,000 workers in Trafford Park. In 1919, the company renamed itself Metropolitan-Vickers. British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company was a subsidiary of the American Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. ... Metropolitan-Vickers, or Metrovick, was a British heavy industrial firm of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse. ...

In 1903, the Cooperative Wholesale Society (CWS), bought land at Trafford Wharf and set up a large food packing factory and a flour mill. Other companies to arrive at that time included Kilverts (making lard), the Liverpool Warehousing Company, and Lancashire Dynamo & Crypto Ltd. A Co-operative Wholesale Society, or CWS, is a form of Co-operative Federation (that is, a Co-operative in which all the members are Co-operatives), in this case, the members are usually Consumers Co-operatives. ... CWS can stand for: Co-operative Wholesale Society Chicago White Sox College World Series CoolWebSearch Compressed Work Schedule. ...

The second major American company to set up a manufacturing base in Trafford Park was the Ford Motor Company, in 1911. Initially Ford used its factory as an assembly plant for the Model T, but other vehicles were assembled there in later years. Ford moved to Dagenham in 1931, returning temporarily to Trafford Park during World War II, when it manufactured Rolls-Royce Merlin engines – used in both the Spitfire and Lancaster bomber – under licence. “Ford” redirects here. ... 1908 Ford Model T advertisement The Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and the Flivver) was an automobile produced by Henry Fords Ford Motor Company from 1908 through 1928. ... Dagenham is a suburban town in east London, in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, situated 12 miles (19. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Spitfire may refer to: Supermarine Spitfire, a single-seat fighter plane used in World War II Triumph Spitfire, a small two-seat British sports car from Triumph Motor Company Spitfire, a slang term for a highly-excitable or passionate person, especially a woman. ... The Avro Lancaster was a four-engined World War II bomber aircraft made initially by Avro for the Royal Air Force. ...

By 1933, over 300 American companies had bases in Trafford Park, and that number was added to when, in 1938, the Kellogg company opened a large industrial complex at Barton Dock. Kellogg's remains a significant presence in the park today. Kellogg Company (often referred to as simply Kellogg or Kelloggs) is an American multinational producer of breakfast foods, snack foods, cookies, and crackers, with corporate headquarters in Battle Creek, Michigan, USA. Kellogg trades under the ticker symbol NYSE: K. Revenues in 2006 were $10. ...

World War II

At the outbreak of war in 1939, there were an estimated 50,000 workers employed in the park. By the end of the war, in 1945, that number had risen to an estimated 75,000.^[11] This probably represented the peak size of the park's workforce.

As an important industrial area, Trafford Park suffered from extensive bombing during the war, particularly in the Manchester Blitz of December 1940. On the night of December 23, 1940, the Metropolitan-Vickers aircraft factory in Mosley Road was badly damaged, with the loss of 13 Avro Manchester bombers in final assembly. Trafford Hall was also severely damaged, and it was demolished shortly after the war ended. Other buildings have since carried the name "Trafford Hall". The Manchester Blitz was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester in the United Kingdom during the Second World War. ... is the 357th day of the year (358th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Avro 679 Manchester was a twin-engined heavy bomber developed during World War II by the Avro aircraft company in the United Kingdom. ...

Decline and regeneration

In the 1960s, employment in the park began to decline, as companies closed their premises in favour of newer, more efficient plants elsewhere.^[12] In 1971, Stretford Council responded to this decline by setting up the Trafford Park Industrial Council (TRAFIC), membership of which was open to any firm in Trafford Park. One of TRAFIC's early initiatives was to encourage businesses in the park to address its general air of decay, by improving their own areas through landscaping and other environmental improvements.

Governance

Geography

Trafford Park is either flat or gently undulating, around 144 feet (44 m) above sea level at its highest point.^[13] The local bedrock is Triassic Bunter Sandstone, overlaid by sand and gravel deposited during the last ice age, around 10,000 years ago. There are some areas of peat in the west of the park, in the area formerly known as Trafford Moss. Bunter beds are sandstone deposits containing rounded pebbles, such as can notably be found in Warwickshire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, Nottinghamshire, Devon and Dorset in England. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... Peat in Lewis, Scotland Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. ...

Trafford Park Village

View down Third Avenue, 2007

In 1898, a large parcel of land was sold to Edmund Nuttall & Co., for the erection of 1,200 houses. Those houses were never built, but the land later became the site of Trafford Park Village, known locally simply as the Village.^[14] The announced arrival of the Westinghouse factory acted a spur to development, and so in 1899, Trafford Park Dwellings Ltd was formed, with the aim of providing housing for the anticipated influx of new workers. Nuttall's land was acquired, and by 1903 over 500 houses had been built. When the development was completed, in 1904, there were over 700 houses. In 1907 it was estimated that the population of the Village was 3,060.^[15] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,848 × 2,136 pixels, file size: 897 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,848 × 2,136 pixels, file size: 897 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...

The Village was laid out in a grid pattern, with the roads being numbered instead of being named. Avenues numbered 1 to 4 ran north-south, and streets numbered 1 to 12 ran east-west. Its design attracted some criticism from the start; the streets were narrow, with few gardens, and the whole development was close to the pollution of the neighbouring industries. In that respect, it resembled the terraced properties in the surrounding areas, many of which were condemned as slums in later years. By the 1970s the Village was indeed considered by the local council to be a slum clearance area, and unsuitable for residential housing. In the first phase of clearance, in the mid-1970s, 298 houses were demolished. A further 325 houses were demolished in the early 1980s, leaving only the largest 84 houses remaining.^[16]

Landmarks

The main entrance to the Imperial War Museum North

The Imperial War Museum North, opened on 5 July 2002, is in Trafford Wharf, on the southern edge of the ship canal looking over towards Salford Quays. It was designed by Daniel Libeskind, and is an example of deconstructivist architecture. The building consists of three interlocking sections: the air shard, the earth shard, and the water shard, representing a world torn apart by conflict. The air shard is 180 feet (55 m) in height, and has a gallery level offering views across Salford and the Quays towards Manchester city centre. The museum houses two extensive exhibition spaces. The largest is dedicated to the permanent exhibition covering conflicts from 1900 to the present day; the second space is used for special exhibitions. Download high resolution version (768x1024, 184 KB)South face and entrance of the Imperial War Museum North by the Salford Quays. ... Download high resolution version (768x1024, 184 KB)South face and entrance of the Imperial War Museum North by the Salford Quays. ... The main entrance of the Imperial War Museum North, with the air shard tower. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... , Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. ... Daniel Libeskind in front of his extension to the Denver Art Museum. ... Libeskinds Imperial War Museum North in Manchester comprises three apparently intersecting curved volumes. ... For other uses, see Salford (disambiguation). ... City of Manchester. ...

Trafford Ecology Park

Transport

At the end of the 19th century, there were no public transport routes in, or running close to, Trafford Park; its sheer size meant that the Estates Company was obliged to provide some means of travelling around the park. A gas powered tramway was commissioned, with the intention that the track could be used both for carrying people and freight. The first tram ran on 23 July 1897, but after a few days of operation there was an accident in which a tramcar was derailed, and the service was suspended until the following year. A separate electric tramway was installed in 1903, but the gas trams continued to run until 1908, when they were replaced by steam locomotives. Additional railway lines were soon built in the park, and linked to the Manchester Ship Canal's railway system. The Trafford Park Company was set up in 1904, as a result of the Trafford Park Act of that year, with responsibility for all of the park's roads and railways. The railway network could now be extended as required, without the need to seek permission from Parliament.^[17] is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Manchester's first aerodrome was built on a site between Trafford Park Road, Mosley Road, and Ashburton Road, in 1911. It closed in early 1918. Today, Tenax Road runs north-south through the centre of what was the aerodrome. Aerodrome can mean: An Austrian music festival: Aerodrome A series of aircraft constructed by Samuel Pierpont Langley. ...

See also

• Trafford Park railway station
• Trafford Park Development Corporation

Trafford Park railway station is in the Trafford metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in the north west of England. ... The Trafford Park Development Corporation was established in 1987 to develop land in Trafford and Salford. ...

References

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... University of Manchester Motto: Cognitio Sapientia Hvmanitas Knowledge, wisdom, humanity. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bibliography

University of Manchester Motto: Cognitio Sapientia Hvmanitas Knowledge, wisdom, humanity. ...

External links

• http://www.msim.org.uk/uploadedDocs/Document_Depository_01/Trafford%20Park.pdf
• Trafford Park - The Early Years
• Trafford Hall about 1896