A transatlantic telephone cable is a submarine communications cable that carries telephone traffic under the Atlantic Ocean. The multitude of layers in a submarine communications cable is revealed by its Cross section. ...

When the first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid in 1858 by businessman Cyrus Field, it operated for only a month; subsequent attempts in 1865 and 1866 were more successful. Although a telephone cable was discussed starting in the 1920s, to be practical it needed a number of technological advances which did not arrive until the 1940s. Starting in 1927, transatlantic telephone service was radio-based. The first transatlantic telegraph cable crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Foilhommerum, Valentia Island, in western Ireland to Hearts Content, in eastern Newfoundland. ... Cyrus West Field (November 30, 1819–July 11/12, 1892) was an American businessman and financier who led a company that successfully laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1858. ...

TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. 1) was the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system. It was laid between Gallanach Bay, near Oban, Scotland and Clarenville, Newfoundland between 1955 and 1956. It was inaugurated on September 25, 1956, initially carrying 36 telephone channels. In the first 24 hours of public service there were 588 London-US calls and 119 from London to Canada. The capacity of the cable was soon increased to 48 channels. TAT-1 was finally retired in 1978. TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. ... For other uses, see Oban (disambiguation). ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... Clarenville is a town in eastern Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. ... Motto: Quaerite Prime Regnum Dei (Latin: Seek ye first the kingdom of God) Capital St. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

There have been a succession of newer transatlantic cable systems. All recent systems have used fiber optic transmission, and a self-healing ring topology. Late in the 20th century, Communications satellites lost most of their North Atlantic telephone traffic to these low cost, high capacity cables. Fiber Optic strands An optical fiber in American English or fibre in British English is a transparent thin fiber for transmitting light. ... A self-healing ring is a common configuration in telecommunications transmission systems. ... U.S. military MILSTAR communications satellite A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications. ...

* first fiber optic cable. TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... TAT-2 was AT&Ts second transatlantic telephone cable. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... TAT-3 was AT&Ts third transatlantic telephone cable. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... TAT-4 was AT&Ts fourth transatlantic telephone cable. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... TAT-5 was AT&Ts 5th transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1970 to 1993, initially carrying 845 telephone circuits (simultaneous calls), between Rhode Island and Conil de la Frontera, (Cádiz), Spain. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Providence Largest city Providence Area  Ranked 50th  - Total 1,214* [1] sq mi (3,144* km²)  - Width 37 miles (60 km)  - Length 48 miles (77 km)  - % water 32. ... TAT-6 was AT&Ts sixth transatlantic telephone cable. ... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the 1976 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Providence Largest city Providence Area  Ranked 50th  - Total 1,214* [1] sq mi (3,144* km²)  - Width 37 miles (60 km)  - Length 48 miles (77 km)  - % water 32. ... TAT-7 was AT&Ts 7th transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1978 to 1994, initially carrying 4,000 telephone circuits (simultaneous calls) between New Jersey and England. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... TAT-8 was AT&Ts 8th transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1988, initially carrying 40,000 telephone circuits (simultaneous calls) between USA and France. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... TAT-9 was AT&Ts 9th transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1992, initially carrying 80,000 telephone circuits between USA, Canada (Nova Scotia) and Spain. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... TAT-10 was AT&Ts 10th transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1992, initially carrying 2 x 565Mb/s between USA and Germany. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... TAT-11 is AT&Ts 11th transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1993, initially carrying 2 x 565Mb/s between USA and France. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... TAT-12/13 were AT&Ts 12th and 13th transatlantic telephone cables, in operation from 1996, initially carrying 2 x 5Gb/s. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... TAT-14 is the 14th consortia transatlantic telephone cable system. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... CANTAT-1 is the first Canadian transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1961 to 1986, initially carrying 80 telephone circuits (simultaneous calls) between Newfoundland and Scotland. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... CANTAT-2 is the 2nd Canadian transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1974 to 1992, initially carrying 1,840 telephone circuits (simultaneous calls) between Nova Scotia and England. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... CANTAT-3 is the third Canadian transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from Canada and Europe. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... PTAT-1 is the first privately financed transatlantic fiber optic cable, which was completed in 1989, at a cost of $400 million US dollars. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... Fiber Optic strands An optical fiber in American English or fibre in British English is a transparent thin fiber for transmitting light. ...

The TAT series of cables constitute a large percentage of all north Atlantic cables. All TAT cables are consortia joint ventures between a number of telecommunications companies, e.g. British Telecom. CANTAT are Transatlantic Telephone cables terminating in Canada rather than the USA. There are a number of private non-TAT cables. Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... BT Group plc (which trades as just BT, and is commonly known by its former name, British Telecom) is the privatised former British state telecommunications operator. ...

It has been suggested that Cable & Wireless (Caribbean) be merged into this article or section. ... Apollo is an optical submarine communications cable system crossing the Atlantic ocean, owned by Cable & Wireless. ... AC-1 or Atlantic Crossing 1 is a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the USA and three european countries. ... Global Crossing Ltd. ... AC-2 or Atlantic Crossing 2 is a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the USA and the UK. Different telecommunications companies give this cable system different names, so it is also known as Yellow. It has landing points in: Bellport, New York, USA Brookhaven, New York, USA Bude, UK Whitesands... Level 3 is an international communications and information services company and is headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado. ... FLAG is a 28,000 kilometer long undersea fiber optic cable that connects England, Japan, and many places in between. ... Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm), along with Reliance Telecom and Flag Telecom, is part of Reliance Communications Ventures (RCoVL). ... VSNL Transatlantic (previously TGN Transatlantic) is a submarine telecommunications cable system transiting the Atlantic ocean. ... In cell biology, the Golgi apparatus, Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome is an organelle found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. ... Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd (NYSE: VSL, BSE: 500483 , NSE:VSNLEQ) is a global Indian-telecommunications company. ... Hibernia Atlantic is an undersea fibre optic cable which connects Canada and the US with Ireland and the UK. It was originally built by 360networks but is now owned and operated by CVC Aquisition Company (Ireland) Limited See also Transatlantic telephone cable External links Hibernia Atlantic 360networks Category: Transatlantic telephone...

Other Atlantic cables

SAT-2, SAT-3/WASC/SAFE, ATLANTIS-2, COLUMBUS III. SAT-2 is a transatlantic telephone cable connecting Melkbosstrand, South Africa, to El Medano, Tenerife Island, Spain and Funchal, Madeira islands, Portugal. ... SAT-3/WASC or Southern Africa/West Africa Submarine Cable is a submarine communications cable linking Portugal and Spain to South Africa, with connections to several West African countries along the route. ... ATLANTIS-2 is a fiber optic transatlantic telephone cable connecting Argentina, Brazil, Senegal, Cape Verde, Canary Islands and Portugal. ... COLUMBUS III is a transatlantic telephone cable which connects Italy to Spain to Portugal to the United States. ...

See also

• Transatlantic telegraph cable

The first transatlantic telegraph cable crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Foilhommerum, Valentia Island, in western Ireland to Hearts Content, in eastern Newfoundland. ...

External links

• Aronsson's Telecom History Timeline
• Timeline of Submarine Communications Cables, 1850-2006
• Submarine Cable Landings Worldwide