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Encyclopedia > Transcendence (religion)

In religion, transcendence is a condition or state of being that surpasses, and is independent of, physical existence. It is affirmed in some way of the divine in most major religious traditions, and is opposed to the notion of a God, or an Absolute, as existing only in the physical order and not beyond it (immanentism), or as being somehow, in the final analysis, indistinguishable from it (pantheism). Transcendence can be attributed to the divine not only in its being, but also in its knowabilty. Thus, one might not only affirm that God transcends the universe (exists beyond and independently of it), but also that He transcends knowledge (is beyond the grasp of the human mind). Although transcendence, as a concept, is the opposite of immanence in meaning, they are not mutually exclusive as complementary aspects of the divine's relationship to the physical order. Some theologians and metaphysicians of the great religious traditions will affirm that God, or Brahman, are both beyond and within the universe--in it, but not of it; pervading it and surpassing it at once. This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Immanence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason) means reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God. ...

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Judaism

Jews see the transcendence of God in his oneness and omnipotence, and yet believe He has created the world as distinct from Himself, and then related Himself to the Jews as a people in a unique and historical manner. It can be said that the Jewish faith teaches that the transcendent God has only become immanent and involved in human history in and through the Jews. The Law they received from Him they believe to be a unique intervention of the transcendent God in the immanent course of things, ordered to the progressive unfolding of a grand plan for the world and its history. In theology, the doctrine of divine simplicity says that God is without parts. ... Omnipotence (literally, all power) is power with no limits or inexhaustible, in other words, unlimited power. ...


Christianity

Christians pick up on the historical dynamism of the future-oriented plan of the Old Testament, and follow the immanent workings of the transcendent God in the story of Christ. They too believe that God's existence is ontologically distinct and fully independent of the material universe, and yet that He interacts directly with it. As with the Jews, this distinction is articulated in the notion which some believe to be unique to the Semitic religions: creation. Theologians thus have the onus of showing how God can still be regarded as infinite, although there exists, through creation, something that He is not, but which does not thereby limit Him. Thomas Aquinas, for instance, will argue that although "after" creation, there are more beings (plural) than "before", there is still no more being (singular), as all that exists "other" than God, shares in the one being of God, although in a particularized way. The person Jesus the Christ is believed to be the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, but incarnate in the humanity received corporally from the Virgin Mary and a divinely created human soul. Thus, transcendence and immanence interpenetrate in an exceptional manner in Christian faith, practice and theology. The mysterious and paradoxical nature of Christ provides a bridge between the infinite Deity and finite man. This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... The deepest visible-light image of the cosmos, the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. ... i hate god ... This page is about the title or the Divine Person. For the Christian figure, see Jesus. ... For other uses, see Trinity (disambiguation). ... Robert Boyles self-flowing flask fills itself in this diagram, but perpetual motion machines cannot exist. ...


Islam

Muslims share the belief in God's (Allah's) transcendence but emphasize it in a manner which does not invite the contrapuntal accent on immanence, characteristic of Christianity. For a Muslim, divine transcendence must be protected, and all talk of incarnation or even attempts at figurative artistic representation of the divine, or even of holy persons, are regarded as culpable detractions from God's absolute unicity, supremacy and transcendence. A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Counterpoint is a broad organisational feature of much music, involving the simultaneous sounding of separate musical lines. ...


Hinduism

Transcendence is described and viewed from a number of diverse perspectives within Hinduism and it's multi-faceted scriptural metaphysics. Some traditions such as advaita view transcendence in the form of 'God' as the Brahman Nirguna (God without attribute--indeed even without "god-ness"), transcendence being absolute. Other traditions such as bhakti yoga view transcendence as God with attributes - Brahman Sarguna, the Absolute being a personal deity (Ishvara) such as Vishnu or Rama. Hinduism (Sanskrit: , , also known as , ) is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. ... Advaita Vedanta is probably the best known of all Vedanta schools of Hinduism, the others being Dvaita and Vishishtadvaita. ... Brahman (Devanagari: ब्रह्म ) in the Vedantic schools of Hindu philosophy, is the signifying name given to the concept of the unchanging, infinite, immanent and transcendent reality of all things in this universe. ... Bhakti yoga is the Hindu term for the spiritual practice of fostering of loving devotion to God, called bhakti. ... Ishvara (ईश्वर in devanagari script, pronunciation ī:shvərə), also variously transliterated (romanized) as Īshvara, Īshwara, Īshwar, Īśvara, etc. ... Vishnu (IAST , Devanagari , with honorific Shri Vishnu; , ), (also frequently referred to as Narayana) is the most popularly worshipped form of God in Hinduism [1]. Within the Vaishnava tradition he is viewed as the Ultimate Reality or Supreme God (similarly to Shiva within Shaivism). ... Lord Rama (center) with wife Sita, brother Lakshmana and devotee Hanuman. ...


Within the Bhagavad Gita transcendence is described as a level of spiritual attainment, or state of being which is open to all spiritual aspirants as the goal of yoga practice. The state at which one is no longer under the control of animalistic base desires and is aware of a higher spiritual reality. Bhagavad Gīta भगवद्गीता, composed ca the fifth - second centuries BC, is part of the epic poem Mahabharata, located in the Bhisma-Parva chapters 23–40. ... A woman practising hatha yoga Yoga, meaning yoke in Sanskrit, is a family of ancient spiritual practices originating in India. ...

  • "When the yogī, by practice of yoga, disciplines his mental activities and becomes situated in transcendence — devoid of all material desires — he is said to be well established in yoga." BG 6.18

The exact nature of this transcendence is given as being 'above the modes of material nature', which are known as gunas (ropes) which bind the living entity to the world of samsara (repeated rebirth) within Hindu philosophy. (See BG 14.22-25) The Sanskrit word guna (guṇa) has the basic meaning of string or a single thread or strand of a cord or twine. In more abstract uses, it may mean a subdivision, species, kind, and generally quality. In Classical literature In Classical literature (e. ... Illustration depicting the transmigration of the soul. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...


Buddhism

In the various forms of Buddhism—Theravada, Mahayana (especially Pure Land and Zen), and Vajrayana—the notion of transcendence is of more difficult application. Except for Pure Land and Vajrayana (where a certain return to Hindu-like personifications of the spiritual world is countenanced), the role played by transcendent beings is minimal and at most a temporary expedient. The notion closest to transcendence, much in the spirit of Western "theologia negativa", is perhaps that of shunyata (emptiness, void). Suffice it to say that one of the marks which set Buddhism apart from Hinduism in the beginning, and continues to serve as distinctive, is its reluctance to allow language to approach or speak of transcendence. For many, this appears to amount to atheism; for others, it would be better termed agnosticim. At any rate, for the Buddhist, if anything ultimate or transcendent is to be "known" at all, it would have to be directly experienced and not talked about. Negative theology - also known as the Via Negativa (Latin for Negative Way) and Apophatic theology - is a theology that attempts to describe God by negation, to speak of God only in terms of what may not be said about God. ... Śūnyatā, शून्यता (Sanskrit, Pali: suññatā), or Emptiness, is a term for an aspect of the Buddhist metaphysical critique as well as Buddhist epistemology and phenomenology. ...


See Also

The Gnostic Circle The Gnostic Circle: A Synthesis in the Harmonies of the Cosmos is one of Patrizia Norelli-Bachelets major works. ...


External Links

  • "The Revolt of Spirit Against Matter" –excerpts from Sri Aurobindo and Patrizia Norelli-Bachelet's work regarding the 'mistake' and effect of the transcendance of matter in the spiritual quest as effected over the past two millenia in all religions.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Transcendence (religion) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (983 words)
In religion, transcendence is a condition or state of being that surpasses, and is independent of, physical existence.
Transcendence is described and viewed from a number of diverse perspectives within Hinduism and it's multi-faceted scriptural metaphysics.
Within the Bhagavad Gita transcendence is described as a level of spiritual attainment, or state of being which is open to all spiritual aspirants as the goal of yoga practice.
Feminist Philosophy of Religion (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) (12187 words)
Feminist philosophy of religion is important to feminist and nonfeminist philosophy alike for providing a critical understanding of various religious concepts, beliefs, and rituals, as well as of religion as a cultural institution that defines, sanctions, and sometimes challenges gender roles and gender-inflected representations.
The maturing of feminist philosophy of religion as a field distinct from feminist theology was evident at the end of the twentieth century.
One merit of this methodology for feminist philosophy of religion is its exposure of the complexity of gender discourse, the constraints and resistances found in faith practices, and the social conditions of signification.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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