NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Transdanubia

Transdanubia (Hungarian: Dunántúl) is a traditional region of Hungary. This article is about the city and federal state in Austria. ... Floridsdorf is the 21st district in the city of Vienna, Austria. ... Donaustadt is the 22nd district of Vienna. ...

Geography

The borders of Transdanubia are the Danube river (north and east), the Drave and Mura rivers (south) and the Foothills of the Alps roughly along the border between Hungary and Austria (west). Length 2,888 km Elevation of the source 1,078 m Average discharge 30 km before Passau: 580 mÂ³/s Vienna: 1,900 mÂ³/s Budapest: 2,350 mÂ³/s just before Delta: 6,500 mÂ³/s Area watershed 817,000 kmÂ² Origin Black Forest (Schwarzwald-Baar, Baden- WÃ¼rttemberg... River Drava at DrÃ¡vaszabolcs, Hungary River Drava at VÃzvÃ¡r, Hungary River Drava at Maribor, Slovenia Drave (German: Drau, Slovenian, Croatian and Italian: Drava, Hungarian: DrÃ¡va) is a river in southern Central Europe, flowing East from South Tyrol, Italy through Carinthia, Austria, and Slovenia (145 km) then... Mura (German Mur) is a river in Central Europe, a subsidiary of the bigger Drava and subsequently Danube. ... The Alps is the collective name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east, through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west. ...

The territory of the region is 38,000 km², and it comprises almost half of the whole territory of Hungary. The terrain is very varied with gentle hills, valleys, basins, mountains and plains. The main geographical formations are the Transdanubian Medium Mountains, the southern half of the Little Alföld, the Alpokalja, the Transdanubian Hills, and the Mezőföld (part of the Great Alföld). The main rivers are the Danube, Drave, Rába, Zala, and Kapos. In the middle of Transdanubia lies the biggest sweet-water lake of Central Europe, the Lake Balaton. The Little AlfÃ¶ld or Little Hungarian Plain (Hungarian: KisalfÃ¶ld, Slovak MalÃ¡ dunajskÃ¡ kotlina, German Kleine Ungarische Tiefebene) is a plain/basin of appr. ... The Great AlfÃ¶ld, AlfÃ¶ld, or Great Hungarian Plain (in Hungarian: AlfÃ¶ld or NagyalfÃ¶ld, in Slovak VeÄ¾kÃ¡ dunajskÃ¡ kotlina, in Romanian CÃ¢mpia Tisei, in Serbian/Croatian simply known as Panonski basen, Pannonian Plain) is a plain/basin occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary... RÃ¡ba (-Hungarian, in German: Raab, in Slovenian Raba) is a river in south-eastern Austria and western Hungary, tributary to the river Danube. ... The Zala is a river in south-western Hungary. ... Lake Balaton - Landsat satellite photo Lake Balaton (Hungarian Balaton; German Plattensee; Slovak BlatenskÃ© jazero, meaning approximately muddy lake, probable origin of the name), located in Hungary, is the largest lake of Central Europe with a surface area of 592 kmÂ². Its length is 77 kilometres and the width ranges from...

Transdanubia comprises the counties of Győr-Moson-Sopron, Komárom-Esztergom, Fejér, Veszprém, Vas, Zala, Somogy, Tolna, Baranya and the part of Pest that lies west of the Danube. GyÅ‘r-Moson-Sopron is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in north-western Hungary, on the border with Slovakia and Austria. ... KomÃ¡rom-Esztergom is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in northern Hungary, on the border with Slovakia. ... FejÃ©r is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary. ... VeszprÃ©m (in Slovak VesprÃm) is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary. ... Vas (German: Eisenburg, Slovenian Å½elezna Å¾upanija) is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary. ... Zala is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary. ... Somogy is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary. ... Tolna is the name of a county (megye) in Hungary. ... Baranya (Hungarian, in Croatian and Serbian: Baranja) is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in present Hungary, in the Baranya region, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary (see: Baranya, historic county). ... Pest is the name of a county (megye) in central Hungary. ...

History

Transdanubia has been populated since the Stone Age. Between BC 10 and AD 434 it was part of the Roman Empire. With some present-day Austrian and Croatian territories, it comprised the Province of Pannonia, a romanised, Latin-speaking border region with important Roman towns (Scarbantia, Aquincum, Sopianae, Gorsium, Savaria) and rural villas. In the Age of Migrations it was occupied by the Huns, Goths, Langobards, Gepids, Avars, Franks and the Slavic peoples. In 900 Pannonia was occupied by the Magyars and after 1000 became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Stone Age fishing hook. ... Events Aetius a general in the service of emperor Valentinian III holds power in Rome for twenty years. ... The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Caesar Augustus). ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Aquincum was the ancient Roman city which was the original settlement founding Hungarys capital city, Budapest. ... 46° 4′ 60″ N 18° 13′ 60″ E Pécs (approximate pronunciation: paych; Croatian Pečuh, German Fünfkirchen, Slovak Päťkostolie, Turkish Peçuy) is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country. ... The German term Völkerwanderung (lit. ... Huns is a general term meant to refer to any number of Central Eurasian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads. ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche portrays the Goths as cavalrymen. ... The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, from which the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Scandinavia that entered the late Roman Empire. ... The Gepids (Latin Gepidae) were a Germanic tribe most famous in history for defeating the Huns after the death of Attila. ... The Eurasian Avars were a nomadic people of Eurasia who established a state in the Danube River area of Europe in the early 6th century. ... The Franks or the Frankish people were one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire from Frisia as foederati and established a lasting realm (sometimes referred to as Francia) in an area that covers most of modern-day France and the region of Franconia in Germany... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... ÃrpÃ¡d Feszty and assistants vast (over 8000 m2) canvas, painted to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of the Magyar conquest of Hungary, now displayed at Ã“pusztaszer National Memorial Site in Hungary Magyars are an ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. ... The Kingdom of Hungary is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ...

Transdanubia has been one of the most important regions of Hungary since the 11th century. Esztergom has been the ecclesiastical capital of the country since 1001 until today, and Stephen I of Hungary established his royal seat at Székesfehérvár, later the coronation town of the kings. Other important medieval cities were Veszprém, Pécs, Győr and Sopron. After the devastating Mongol invasion (see Mongol invasion of Europe) new castles were built, and King Béla IV of Hungary established a new royal capital at Buda, next to the Danube. The region’s rich medieval heritage is seen everywhere from the little village churches to the old castles, monasteries and town houses. Basilica in Esztergom Esztergom (betetr known by its German name Gran in its glory days, Slovak Ostrihom) is now a small city in northern Hungary, about 70 km north-west of the capital Budapest. ... Stephen the Great raising the double cross: equestrian sculpture by Alajos StrÃ³bl, 1906, crowns the Fishermens Bastion, Budapest. ... SzÃ©kesfehÃ©rvÃ¡r listen? (in Latin: Alba Regia; in colloquial speech FehÃ©rvÃ¡r) is a city in central Hungary, located around 65 km southwest of Budapest. ... VeszprÃ©m (in Slovak VesprÃm) is a city with county rights in western Hungary. ... PÃ©cs listen? (Croatian: PeÄuh, German: FÃ¼nfkirchen, Slovak: PÃ¤Å¥kostolie, Turkish: PeÃ§uy) is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country. ... GY Gy or gy may stand for: gray (unit) for absorbed dose of radiation (Gy) Guyana (ISO country code) Gy, Switzerland, a village in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland Gy, a commune in the Haute-Saône département in France 1 gigayear (1 billion years) (the preferred symbol is Ga... Sopron (pronounced shop-ron), historically also known by the German name Ã–denburg, is the name of a town in Hungary. ... The Mongol invasions of Europe were centered in their destruction of the Rus states, especially Kiev. ... BÃ©la IV (1206-1270) was the king of Hungary between 1235 and 1270. ... Buda is the western part of Budapest on the bank of the Danube. ...

In the Ottoman era (16-17th centuries) the eastern and southern part of Transdanubia came under Turkish rule. The ever changing border ran along the Transdanubian Medium Mountains and the southern shore of the Lake Balaton. The dangerous border was guarded by frontier-fortresses (végvár), the most important them was Győr and Nagykanizsa. The Asian-style Ottoman rule and the constant war had devastating effects: dozens of villages were destroyed, the population was decimated and parts of the region became almost totally deserted. The territories belonging to the Royal Hungary (except the border regions) were more lucky, because the European-like developments were continous. Here the 17th century was the period of the Catholic Counter-reformation, the fights for national independence from the Habsburgs and the formation of a new, powerful Catholic aristocracy. The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923... Nagykanizsa, also known as Kanizsa, is medium-sized town in Southwest Hungary, it lies in the county of Zala. ... Royal Hungary was the official name of the territory of present-day Slovakia, Burgenland, western Croatia and small adjacent territories between c. ... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ...

In 1686 the Allied Habsburg, Polish and Bavarian army conquered Buda and terminated the Ottoman rule. In the 18th century the region was slowly rebuilt, and lots of new settlers (Magyars, Germans, Slovaks, Croatians) arrived. Famous baroque castles were built to show the power of the big landowner families, for example the Esterházys in Fertőd and the Festetichs in Keszthely. The baroque townscape of the cities survived until today in Győr, Székesfehérvár, Pécs etc. Events The League of Augsburg is founded. ... The House of EsterhÃ¡zy (- German, in Hungarian: EszterhÃ¡zy, in Slovak: EsterhÃ¡zi) was a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary since the Middle Ages, which was among the great territorial magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, during the time it was part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire. ... FertÅ‘d (former EsterhÃ¡za and SÃ¼ttÃ¶r unified in 1950) is a city in Hungary near the Austria region and it bounds to GyÅ‘r-Moson-Sopron province. ... Keszthely [] is an Hungarian town with 23. ...

In the 19th century Trandanubia underwent a capitalist development. Thank for the closeness of Austria it became again the richest part of the country, and – at least after the public opinion – more „European” and Western-like than any other region of Hungary. Under the Socialism (1948-1989) new industrial cities were built at Tatabánya, Dunaújváros, Ajka and Komló, and new industries and factories were established, for example Hungary’s only atomic power plant at Paks. After the fall of Socialism, northern Transdanubia was more succesful at adapting to the new economical situation than any other part of Hungary and most of the foreign investments came here to help the radical economical renewal. In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... TatabÃ¡nya is a city with county rights in Hungary in the Northern Transdanubian region. ... DunaÃºjvÃ¡ros (1951â€“1961 SztÃ¡linvÃ¡ros) is a city in Central Hungary, along the Danube (Hungarian name: Duna) river. ... Ajka is a town in Hungary with about 35,000 inhabitants. ... Paks is a town in central Hungary, on the banks of the Danube River. ...

Geography

History

See also