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Transforming growth factor (TGF) is one of many characterized growth factors that exist in nature. It plays crucial roles in tissue development, cell differentiation, embryonic development as well as numerous other signaling pathways. Growth factor is a protein that acts as a signaling molecule between cells (like cytokines and hormones) that attaches to specific receptors on the surface of a target cell and promotes differentiation and maturation of these cells. ...
Cellular differentiation is a concept from developmental biology describing the process by which cells acquire a type. The morphology of a cell may change dramatically during differentiation, but the genetic material remains the same, with few exceptions. ...
Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo is formed and develops. ...
Transforming growth factor alpha
The alpha-type transforming growth factor TGF-α is upregulated in some human cancers. It is produced in macrophages, brain cells, and keratinocytes and induces epithelial development.
Transforming growth factor beta The beta-type transforming growth factor TGF-β exists in at least three known subtypes in humans, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. It is upregulated in some human cancers.
The transforming growth factor receptor The TGF receptor (TGFR) is part of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family of receptors. It exists in many different isoforms that can be homo- or heterodimeric. The number of characterized ligands in the TGF superfamily far exceed the number of known receptors, suggesting the promiscuity that exists between the ligand and receptor interactions. Receptor may refer to: In telecommunication, a receiver. ...
A mitogen activated protein (abbreviated MAP) is a protein that is activated by a mitogen. ...
In biology, a protein isoform is a version of a protein with some small differences, usually a splice variant or the product of some posttranslational modification. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ligand (biochemistry). ...
In biology, a superfamily is a taxonomic grade intermediate between suborder and family. ...
TGFR is a single pass, serine/threonine kinase transmembrane receptor. It can be found in many different tissue types, including brain, heart, kidney, liver and testes. Over expression of TGF can induce renal fibrosis, causing kidney disease as well as diabetes, and ultimately end stage renal disease (ESRD). Recent developments have found that using certain types of protein antagonists against TGF beta receptors can halt, and in some cases reverse, the effects of renal fibrosis. Comparative brain sizes In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), acts as the control center of the central nervous system. ...
The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The heart (Latin cor) is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. ...
Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ...
The liver is one of the largest internal organs of the human body. ...
Human male anatomy The testicles, known medically as testes (singular testis), are the male generative glands in animals. ...
See the article on the kidney for the anatomy and function of healthy kidneys and a list of diseases involving the kidney. ...
This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ...
Chronic renal failure - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...
Rich in anti-oxidents, TGF beta is a welcome addition to the female diet. ...
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