Transgenderism is a social movement seeking transgender rights and affirming transgender pride. More recently, the term has also been used as a synonym for postgenderism, a social philosophy which seeks the elimination of gender in the human species through the application of advanced biotechnology and assisted reproductive technologies. Transgender (IPA: , from trans (Latin) and gender (English) ) is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies that diverge from the normative gender role (woman or man) commonly, but not always, assigned at birth, as well as the role traditionally held by society. ... Image File history File links Transgender_Pride_flag. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Bigender (bi+gender) is a tendency to move between masculine and feminine gender-typed behaviour depending on context, expressing a distinctly male persona and a distinctly female persona. ... This articles is about cross-dressing in general, that is the act of wearing the clothing of another gender for any reason. ... A drag king performance troupe Drag kings are female bodied or identified performance artists who dress in masculine drag as part of their routine. ... Drag queens Luc DArcy and Jerry Cyr and friend at Montreals 2003 Divers/Cité pride parade. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Third gender was used from the late 19th century to describe people who did not fit into the then existing gender categories: female genitalia = female identity = female behavior = desire male partner male genitalia = male identity = male behavior = desires female partner Today this scheme is also known as binary gender system... Look up Transsexualism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article deals with the history of the word transvestite. For information about cross-dressing, see there. ... LGBT history refers to the history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender cultures around the world, dating back to the first recorded instances of same-sex love and sexuality within ancient civilizations. ... Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Hate groups Genocide · Holocaust · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution · Gay bashing Pedophobia · Ephebiphobia Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Supremacism Kahanism Anti-discriminatory Abolitionism · Civil rights LGBT rights Womens/Universal suffrage · Feminism Mens/Fathers rights · Masculinism Children... Homosexuality and transgender are two separate concepts. ... Gynephilia (or gynophilia) (From Greek gunē, women, + -philia, love) is the romantic and/or sexual attraction to adult females, and its counterpart androphilia (from Greek andro-, male, + -philia, love) is attraction to adult males. ... Transsexual people are those who establish a permanent identity with the opposite gender to their birth Gender. ... Transgender and Transexual people may face difficulty when trying to access amenities, such as toilets and change rooms, when presenting as their chosen gender // From Main Article: Toilet Sex-separated public toilets are often difficult to negotiate for transgendered or androgynous people, who are often subject to embarrassment, harassment, or... Transgender is a very complex topic, where consensual and precise definitions have not yet been reached. ... This is a list of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender-related films. ... American Civil Rights Movement is one of the most famous social movements of the 20th century. ... Transgender (IPA: , from trans (Latin) and gender (English) ) is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies that diverge from the normative gender role (woman or man) commonly, but not always, assigned at birth, as well as the role traditionally held by society. ... Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ... Pride refers to a strong sense of self-respect, a refusal to be humiliated as well as joy in the accomplishments of oneself or a person, group, or object that one identifies with. ... Transgenderism is a social movement seeking transgender rights and affirming transgender pride. ... Social philosophy is the philosophical study of interesting questions about social behavior (typically, of humans). ... Gender in common usage refers to the sexual distinction between male and female. ... The structure of insulin Biological technology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... Reproductive technology is a term for all current and anticipated uses of technology in human and animal reproduction, including: artificial insemination artificial wombs cloning (see human cloning for the special case of human beings) cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes, embryos embryo transfer germinal choice technology hormone treatment to increase fertility in...

Transgenderism

In her 1995 book Apartheid of Sex, biopolitical lawyer and writer Martine Rothblatt describes "transgenderism" as a grassroots political movement seeking transgender rights and affirming transgender pride. For many in the transgender - or "trans" - movement, the label transgender encompasses not only transsexual and transgender people but also transvestites, drag queens, drag kings, intersexed individuals, and anyone non-conventionally gendered (i.e., anyone identifying or behaving in a manner that runs counter to expected societal norms concerning the gender assigned them after birth).^[1] A neologism coined by Michel Foucault, the term Biopolitics or Biopolitical can refer to several different yet not incompatible concepts. ... Martine Aliana Rothblatt Ph. ... A grassroots political movement is one driven by the constituents of a community. ... Politics is the process and method of decision-making for groups of human beings. ... Transgender rights organizations. ... Transgender Pride flag The Transgender Pride flag was designed by Monica Helms, and was first shown at a pride parade in Phoenix, Arizona, USA in 2000. ... A transsexual (sometimes transexual) person establishes a permanent identity with the opposite gender to their assigned (usually at birth) sex. ... For a discussion of the history and current usage of the term transvestite, see transvestism. ... Drag queens Luc DArcy and Jerry Cyr and friend at Montreals 2003 Divers/Cité pride parade. ... A drag king performance troupe Drag kings are female bodied or identified performance artists who dress in masculine drag as part of their routine. ... An intersexual is a person (or individual of any unisexual species) who is born with genitalia and/or secondary sexual characteristics of indeterminate sex, or which combine features of both sexes. ... Gender in common usage refers to the sexual distinction between male and female. ... It has been suggested that Convention (norm) be merged into this article or section. ...

Transgenderism, however, was previously and continues to be occasionally used as a general label for people with gender identity disorder, as in the International Journal of Transgenderism.^[2] Another, older and increasingly deprecated use sees transgenderism as explicitly different from "transsexualism". More recently, transgenderism is increasingly being used as a synonym for the term "transfeminism" and, more controversially, "postgenderism". Gender identity disorder, as identified by psychologists and medical doctors, is a condition in which a person has been assigned one gender (usually at birth on the basis of their sex, but compare intersexuality), but identifies as belonging to another gender, or does not conform with the gender role their... Look up Transsexualism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Transfeminism is a form of feminism that includes transgender and transexual rights and issues, especially those of transwomen. ... Transgenderism is a social movement seeking transgender rights and affirming transgender pride. ...

Postgenderism

According to futurist George Dvorsky, postgenderism is a diverse social, political and cultural movement whose adherents affirm the elimination of gender in the human species through the application of advanced biotechnology and assisted reproductive technologies.^[3] Advocates of postgenderism argue that the presence of gender roles, social stratification, and sexual dimorphisms are generally to the detriment of individuals and society. Given the radical potential for advanced assistive reproductive options, postgenderists believe that sex for reproductive purposes will either eventually become a thing of the past or that all human beings will have the ability, if they so choose, to both carry a pregnancy to term and father a child, placing the entire need for gender and gender differences into question. Futurists are those who look to and provide analysis of the future. ... George Dvorsky is the Deputy Editor of Betterhumans and author of the Transitory Human column. ... Gender in common usage refers to the sexual distinction between male and female. ... Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man or knowing man) in the family Hominidae (the great apes). ... The structure of insulin Biological technology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a general term that some biology students have to research. ... A bagpiper in Scottish military clan-uniform. ... In sociology, social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of social classes, castes, and strata within a society. ... A gender difference is a disparity between male and female humans. ... Sexual reproduction is a union that results in increasing genetic diversity of the offspring. ...

Cultural roots

Postgenderism as a cultural phenomenon has roots in feminist, masculist, transgenderist and queer theory, along with the androgyny, and metrosexual/technosexual lifestyles. However, it has been through the application of transhumanist philosophy that postgenderists have conceived of the potential for actual morphological changes to the human species and in how future humans will reproduce. In this sense, it is an offshoot of transhumanism, posthumanism, and futurism. Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ... Masculism is considered by some to describe the belief that the male and female genders should be considered complementary and interdependent by necessity. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Übersexual be merged into this article or section. ... Android Gigolo Joe, played by Jude Law in the 2001 science-fiction film A.I., is a technosexual icon. ... Natasha Vita-Mores Primo is an artistic depiction of a hypothetical posthuman of transhumanist speculation. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Future studies reflects on how today’s changes (or the lack thereof) become tomorrow’s reality. ...

An important and influential work in this regard was socialist feminist Donna Haraway's essay, "A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century," in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York; Routledge, 1991), pp.149-181. In this work, Haraway argued that women would only be freed from their biological restraints when their reproductive obligations were dispensed with. In other words, Haraway believes that women will only achieve true liberation once they become postbiological organisms, or postgendered. Socialist feminism is a branch of feminism that focuses upon both the public and private spheres of a womans life and argues that liberation can only be achieved by working to end both the economic and cultural sources of womens oppression. ... Donna Haraway, born in 1944 in Denver, Colorado, is currently a professor and former chair of the History of Consciousness Program at the University of California, Santa Cruz, United States. ... Cyborg theory was created by Donna Haraway in order to critique traditional notions of feminism. ...

Types of postgenderism

Postgenderists are not exclusively advocates of androgyny, although most believe that a “mixing” of both masculine and feminine traits is desirable – essentially the creation of androgynous individuals who exhibit the best of what males and females have to offer in terms of physical and psychological abilities and proclivities. Just what these traits are exactly is a matter of great debate and conjecture.

Androgyny aside, radical feminism advocates the elimination of gender altogether (arguing that masculinity and femininity are oppressive social constructs), which can be construed as a type of postgenderism. Radical feminism is a branch of feminism that views womens oppression (which radical feminists refer to as patriarchy) as a basic system of power upon which human relationships in society are arranged. ...

Future technologies

In regard to potential assistive reproductive technologies, it is believed that reproduction can continue to happen outside of conventional methods, namely sexual intercourse and artificial insemination. Advances such as human cloning, parthenogenesis and artificial wombs may significantly extend the potential for human reproduction. It has been suggested that Duration of sexual intercourse be merged into this article or section. ... Artificial insemination (AI) is when sperm is placed into a females uterus (intrauterine), or cervix (intracervical) using artificial means rather than by natural copulation. ... Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing, or previously existing, human being or clone tissue from that individual. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Asexual reproduction. ... In the field of ectogenesis, an artificial womb is used to grow an embryo outside the body of a female. ...

It is also thought that posthuman space will be more virtual than real. Individuals may consist of uploaded minds living as data patterns on supercomputers or users engaged in completely immersive virtual realities. Postgenderists contend that these types of existences are not gender-specific thus allowing individuals to morph their virtual appearances and sexuality at will. Posthuman Future by Michael Gibbs A posthuman or post-human is a hypothetical future being whose capabilities so radically exceed those of present humans as to be no longer human by current standards. ... In transhumanism and science fiction, mind transfer (also referred to as mind uploading or mind downloading, depending on ones point of reference), whole body emulation, or electronic transcendence refers to the hypothetical transfer of a human mind to an artificial substrate. ... A supercomputer is a computer that led the world in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Example of an avatar as used on internet forums. ...

Sexuality

Postgenderists maintain that a genderless society does not imply the existence of a species disinterested in sex and sexuality. It is thought that sexual relations and interpersonal intimacy can and will exist in a postgendered future, but that those activities will take on different form. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

For example, the act of sex may be "performed" in virtual reality, while one-to-one communication may be enhanced by such potentials as technologically-assisted telepathy. Physicality and gender-specificity as a prerequisite for sexual relations, argue postgenderists, will become less relevant with the advent and maturation of pending technologies. Virtual reality (VR) is a technology which allows a user to interact with a computer-simulated environment, be it a real or imagined one. ... Telepathy, from the Greek τῆλε, tele, remote; and πάθεια, patheia, to be effected by, describes the hypothetical transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the five classical senses. ...

For those who wish to continue engaging in physical intercourse, the possibility may exist for sexual reassignment. Surgery that allow transgendered individuals to alter their gender may also be used for those who wish to change their morphology as they see fit and not have to remain fixed to one particular gender. Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) includes the surgical procedures by which a persons physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are changed to that of the other sex. ... Morphological freedom is, according to neuroscientist Anders Sandberg, an extension of one’s right to one’s body, not just self-ownership but also the right to modify oneself according to one’s desires. ...

The possibility also exists that some postgendered individuals will choose not to engage in any kind of sexual activity whatsoever. Posthumans, or the postgendered, may be involved in different activities altogether or have a mind-space that is beyond sex and gender. Sexual abstinence is the practice of voluntarily refraining from some or all aspects of sexual activity. ... Posthuman Future by Michael Gibbs A posthuman or post-human is a hypothetical future being whose capabilities so radically exceed those of present humans as to be no longer human by current standards. ...

Novels with postgenderist themes

• Distress by Greg Egan
• Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. LeGuin
• Raptor by Gary Jennings

Distress is a 1995 science fiction novel by Greg Egan. ... Greg Egan (August 20, 1961, Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian computer programmer and science fiction author. ... The Left Hand of Darkness is a science fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin, published in 1969. ... Ursula K. Le Guin at an informal bookstore Q&A session, July 2004 Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (born October 21, 1929), is an American author. ... Raptor is a 1993 historical novel written by Gary Jennings. ... Gary Jennings (September 20, 1928 – February 13, 1999) was a U.S. author noted for several historical fiction novels: Aztec, a story of the Aztec empire just before and during the arrival of the Spanish; Aztec Autumn, a story of the Aztecs following the Spanish conquest; and The Journeyer, an...

References