Transhuman is a term that refers to an evolutionary transition from the human to the posthuman.^[1] Posthuman Future, an illustration by Michael Gibbs for The Chronicle of Higher Educations look at how biotechnology will change the human experience, has become one of the secular icons representing transhumanism. ... This article is about modern humans. ... Posthuman can have the following meanings: Posthuman (critical theory), a postmodern critique of human as a concept. ...

History

Questioning the parameters of being human and the relationship with nature have been of philosophical interest before and since Socrates. Questioning the future of the human brings to light moral, religious and philosophical belief systems and, especially, ethical concerns regarding tampering with nature and what is considered by many, especially in western culture, to be natural.^[2] This article is about the physical universe. ... Philosophy (from the Greek words philos and sophia meaning love of wisdom) is understood in different ways historically and by different philosophers. ... This page is about the Classical Greek philosopher. ... For other uses, see Future (disambiguation). ... This article is about the use of the moral in storytelling. ... Religious is a term with both a technical definition and folk use. ... Ethics is a general term for what is often described as the science (study) of morality. In philosophy, ethical behavior is that which is good or right. ... This article is about the physical universe. ... For this articles equivalent regarding the East, see Eastern culture. ... Natural is defined as of or relating to nature; this applies to both definitions of nature: essence (ones true nature) and the untouched world (force of nature). Natural is often used meaning good, healthy, or belonging to human nature. This use can be questioned, as many freely growing plants...

The etymology of the term "transhuman" goes back to futurist FM-2030 (born F. M. Esfandiary) who, while teaching new concepts of the human at The New School university in 1966, introduced it as shorthand for "transitory human". Calling transhumans the "earliest manifestation of new evolutionary beings," FM argued that signs of transhumans included physical and mental augmentations including prostheses, reconstructive surgery, intensive use of telecommunications, a cosmopolitan outlook and a globetrotting lifestyle, androgyny, mediated reproduction (such as in vitro fertilisation), absence of religious beliefs, and a rejection of traditional family values.^[1] Futures studies researches the medium-term to long-term future of societies and of the physical world, mechanisms of change, and the driving forces of change. ... FM-2030, futurist who laid the groundwork for transhumanist theory FM-2030 was a name adopted by the transhumanist philosopher and futurist Fereydun M. Esfandiary (October 15, 1930–July 8, 2000), who professed a deep nostalgia for the future. ... The New School is an institution of higher learning in New York City, located around Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan. ... Participant evolution is a process of deliberately redesigning the human body and brain using technological means, with the goal of removing biological limitations. ... A United States Army soldier plays table football with two prosthetic arms Jon Comer, professional skateboarder with a prosthetic leg. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... Multiculturalism or cultural pluralism is a policy, ideal, or reality that emphasizes the unique characteristics of different cultures in the world, especially as they relate to one another in immigrant receiving nations. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub ... For other uses, see Androgyny (disambiguation). ... Reproductive technology is a term for all current and anticipated uses of technology in human and animal reproduction, including: artificial insemination artificial wombs cloning (see human cloning for the special case of human beings) cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes, embryos embryo transfer germinal choice technology hormone treatment to increase fertility in... For the Inter-Varsity Fellowship, see Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship. ... Eupraxsophy (previously eupraxophy but updated) [1] is a nonreligious lifestance or worldview emphasizing the importance of living an ethical and exuberant life, and relying on rational methods such as logic, observation and science (rather than faith, mysticism or revelation) toward that end. ... This article is about family values as a political concept. ...

The concept of transhuman, as an evolutionary transition, was first expressed by FM-2030 outside the confines of academia in his contributing final chapter to the 1972 anthology Woman, Year 2000.^[3] In the same year, Robert Ettinger contributed to conceptualization of "transhumanity" in his book Man into Superman.^[4] In 1982, Natasha Vita-More authored the Transhuman Manifesto 1982: Transhumanist Arts Statement and outlined what she perceived as an emerging transhuman culture.^[5] Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger (born December 4, 1918) is known as the father of cryonics due to the impact of his 1962 book THE PROSPECT OF IMMORTALITY. He founded the Cryonics Institute and the related Immortalist Society and until 2003 served as their President. ... Natasha Vita-More (born Nancie Clark) is an influential transhumanist theorist and futurist. ...

Many thinkers today do not consider FM-2030's characteristics to be essential attributes of a transhuman. However, analyzing the possible transitional nature of the human species has been and continues to be of primary interest to anthropologists and philosophers within and outside the intellectual movement of transhumanism.^[6] Posthuman Future, an illustration by Michael Gibbs for The Chronicle of Higher Educations look at how biotechnology will change the human experience, has become one of the secular icons representing transhumanism. ...

In March 2007, Gregory Cochran of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah, and John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin-Madison published a study, alongside other recent research on which it builds, which amounts to a radical reappraisal of traditional views, which tended to assume that humans have reached an evolutionary endpoint. Jeffrey McKee of Ohio State University said the new findings of accelerated evolution bear out predictions he made in a 2000 book The Riddled Chain. Based on computer models, he argued that evolution should speed up as a population grows because population growth creates more opportunities for new mutations; and the expanded population occupies new environmental niches, which would drive evolution in new directions. Whatever the implications of the recent findings, McKee concludes that they highlight a ubiquitous point about evolution: “every species is a transitional species.”^[7] For linguistic mutation, see Apophony. ...

References

FM-2030, futurist who laid the groundwork for transhumanist theory FM-2030 was a name adopted by the transhumanist philosopher and futurist Fereydun M. Esfandiary (October 15, 1930–July 8, 2000), who professed a deep nostalgia for the future. ... Max More (born January 1964, Bristol, England formerly known as Max OConnor) is a philosopher and futurist who writes, speaks, and consults on advanced decision making and foresight methods for handling the impact of emerging technologies. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Natasha Vita-More (born Nancie Clark) is an influential transhumanist theorist and futurist. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Natasha Vita-More (born Nancie Clark) is an influential transhumanist theorist and futurist. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Nick Bostrom at a 2006 summit at Stanford University. ... “PDF” redirects here. ... The World Transhumanist Association is an international non-profit membership organisation which advocates the ethical use of technology to enhance human capacities. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• More, Max (2004). "On Becoming Posthuman". Retrieved on 2007-09-04.
• Space of Possible Modes of Being
• Transhuman World Culture Informark
  • Transhuman History
• World Transhumanist Association
• Transhumanist Social Network