Translation studies is the branch of the humanities dealing with the systematic, interdisciplinary study of the theory, the description and the application of translation, interpreting or both these activities.
Translation studies can be normative (prescribing rules for the application of these activities) or descriptive.
Note that occasionally in English, writers will use the term traductology to refer to translation studies. This usage is often considered erroneous, based on the French name for the discipline, la traductologie.
Translation research addresses the problems that are involved in the transferal of meaning from one culture to another.
Translators continuously assess the semantic, cultural, historical, and psychological boundaries of words as isolated phenomena and as they exist in the overall context of a given text.
Translation research sensitizes the reader and scholar to the various perspectives that cultures have established through the specific nature of their language structure and usages.
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