In the fields of optics and spectroscopy, transmittance is the fraction of incident light at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample. See also list of optical topics. ... Spectroscopy is the study of spectra, that is, the dependence of physical quantities on frequency. ... The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ...
where I0 is the intensity of the incident light and I is the intensity of the light coming out of the sample. The transmittance of a sample is usually given as a percentage, defined as In physics, intensity is a measure of the time-averaged energy flux. ... The incident ray is the ray of light that strikes the surface before reflection, transmission, or absorption. ...
Transmittance is related to absorbanceA as In spectroscopy, the absorbance A is defined as , where I is the intensity of light at a specified wavelength λ that has passed through a sample (transmitted light intensity) and is the intensity of the light before it enters the sample (or incident light intensity). ...
or
where T% is the percent transmittance and T is "per one" transmittance.
Note that the term transmission refers to the physical process of light passing through a sample, whereas transmittance refers to the mathematical quantity. In communications, transmission is the act of transmitting electrical messages (and the associated phenonomena of radiant energy that pass through media). ...
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The two-wire transmitters convert the thermocouple or RTD signal to a 4-20 mA output signal.
Two-wire transmission permits remote mounting of the transmitter near the sensor to minimize the effects of noise and signal degradation to which low level sensor outputs are susceptible.
For instance, selecting a pressure transmitter with a range of 0 to 100 psi with an accuracy of +/- 0.5% to be used to measure a pressure that may reach a maximum of 10 psi is probably not a good idea.