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Transnistria (also Pridnestrovie) is a de facto independent republic within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova in Eastern Europe. Transnistria declared independence on September 2, 1990 (as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic) and subsequent to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 has exercised de facto control over most of the Transnistria region, located between the Dniester River and Ukraine. The capital city is Tiraspol. Image File history File links Transnistria_State_Flag. ...
Transnistria COA. from the Estonian wiki, apparently from geraldika. ...
The Transnistrian flag is a version of the former flag of Moldavian SSR which served as a flag of the whole country until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 with slightly different colors and no hammer and sickle or red star. ...
Moldavian SSR coat of arms 1940-1991 The coat of arms of Transnistria is a remodeled version of the former Moldavian SSR coat of arms that was substituted by the internationally-recognized Moldovan government after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. ...
A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ...
The Anthem of Transnistria is named We sing the praises of Transnistria (Russian:Мы Ñлавим тебÑ, ПриднеÑтровье). The music was written by B. A. Aleksandrov, and the lyrics by B. Parmenov, N. Bozhko and V. Pishenko. ...
File links The following pages link to this file: Transnistria Categories: Images with unknown source ...
This is a list of national capitals of the world in alphabetical order. ...
Motto: For the right to live on this land[citation needed] Anthem: Anthem of Transnistria Capital (and largest city) Tiraspol Russian, Ukrainian, Moldovan Government Semi-presidential - President Igor Smirnov Independence from Moldova - Declared September 2, 1990 - Recognition unrecognized Area - Total 4,163 km² 1,607 sq mi - Water (%) 2. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
County Transnistria Status Municipality/Capital Mayor Viktor Kostyrko, since 2003 Area 85 km² Population (2005) 159 163 Geographical coordinates 46°51′ N 29°38′ E Web site http://www. ...
An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ...
States with semi-presidential systems are shown in yellow The semi-presidential system is a system of government in which a prime minister and a president are both active participants in the day-to-day functioning of the administration of a country. ...
The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. ...
Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov (Russian: ), (b. ...
September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ...
Several of the worlds geo-political entities lack general international recognition, but wish to be recognized as sovereign states. ...
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To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ...
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A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...
This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population, using the most recently available official figures. ...
Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ...
Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ...
1994 Transnistrian ruble banknote The Transnistrian Ruble is the official currency of Transnistria, an unrecognised break-away republic between Moldova and Ukraine in Eastern Europe. ...
ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...
A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ...
Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing daylight saving Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ...
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precison atomic time standard. ...
Daylight saving time around the world DST used DST no longer used DST never used Daylight saving time (DST), or summer time in British English, is the convention of advancing clocks so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less. ...
Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ...
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precison atomic time standard. ...
The following is a list of currently existing Internet Top-level domains (TLDs). ...
This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ...
.ru is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Russia. ...
.md is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Moldova. ...
De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...
Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: For other uses, see Republic (disambiguation). ...
Regions of Europe as delineated by the United Nations[1] (UN definition of Eastern Europe marked salmon): Northern Europe Western Europe Eastern Europe Southern Europe Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR...
By signing its Declaration of Independence on September 2, 1990, Transnistria withdrew from the Moldavian SSR, a republic inside the Soviet Union. ...
September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ...
State motto: Russian: Пролетарии вÑех Ñтран, ÑоединÑйтеÑÑŒ!; Moldovan: Пролетарь дин тоате цÑриле, униць-вÑ! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Tiraspol Official language Russian, Ukrainian, Moldovan Established In the USSR: - Since - Until 2 September 1990 n/a n/a Area - Total - Water (%) Ranked n/a in the USSR 4,163 km² negligible Population - Total - Density Ranked n/a in...
This is a history of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. ...
1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The river Dniestr (in Polish and Russian; Nistru in Romanian; Дністер, Dnister in Ukrainian; Tyras in Latin; also known as Dniester) is a river in Eastern Europe. ...
County Transnistria Status Municipality/Capital Mayor Viktor Kostyrko, since 2003 Area 85 km² Population (2005) 159 163 Geographical coordinates 46°51′ N 29°38′ E Web site http://www. ...
Transnistria fought a war for independence in 1992 and is seeking recognition as an independent state. Its independence has not been recognized, and its legal status continues to be an issue of contention. It functions as a sovereign country with its own postal system and stamps, police, military, currency, constitution, flag, national anthem, coat of arms, and has its own parliament and government. Combatants Transnistria Russian volunteers Ukrainian volunteers Moldova Casualties 823 Transnistrian fatalities,[1] 90 Cossacks,[2] and an unknown number of other casualties ~1,000 total casualties Official figures: 172 combatants, ~400 civilians [] The War of Transnistria involved armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between the Transnistrian separatists...
Diplomatic recognition is the act in which a states government is formally recognized by another state as being legitimate. ...
This is an alphabetical list of countries of the world, including independent states (both those that are internationally recognised and generally unrecognised), inhabited dependent territories and areas of special sovereignty. ...
The disputed status of Transnistria arose because of the Transnistrian declaration of independence on Sep. ...
This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ...
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Transnistria. ...
The Transnistrian flag is a version of the former flag of Moldavian SSR which served as a flag of the whole country until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 with slightly different colors and no hammer and sickle or red star. ...
The Anthem of Transnistria is named We sing the praises of Transnistria (Russian:Мы Ñлавим тебÑ, ПриднеÑтровье). The music was written by B. A. Aleksandrov, and the lyrics by B. Parmenov, N. Bozhko and V. Pishenko. ...
Moldavian SSR coat of arms 1940-1991 The coat of arms of Transnistria is a remodeled version of the former Moldavian SSR coat of arms that was substituted by the internationally-recognized Moldovan government after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. ...
The Supreme Council of the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Russian: Верховный Совет ПриднеÑтровÑкой МолдавÑкой РеÑпублики, Verkhovny Soviet Pridniestrovskoy Moldavskoy Respubliki) is the parliament of Transnistria. ...
Names -
Most commonly known in English as Transnistria (as it is also called in Romanian, the language of Moldova), its constitutional long name is Pridnestróvskaia Moldávskaia Respública (Moldovan: Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ, Russian: Приднестровская Молдавская Республика, Ukrainian: Придністровська Молдавська Республіка, ПМР). This is abbreviated PMR. Although most commonly known in English as Transnistria, the official name is Pridnestrovie. ...
The short form of this name is Pridnestrovie (transliteration of the Russian "Приднестровье").[1]
Several other names are also in common use. Etymologically, they all come down to similar spelling variants of Transnistria, meaning "beyond the river Dniester", or Pridnestrovie, meaning "by the river Dniester". Although most commonly known in English as Transnistria, the official name is Pridnestrovie. ...
The Dniester (Ukrainian: , translit. ...
The Dniester (Ukrainian: , translit. ...
Geography Transnistria is landlocked and borders Bessarabia (for 411 km) to the West and Ukraine (for 405 km) to the East. It is a narrow valley stretched in the North-South direction along the banks of the Dniester River, which forms the natural boundary along the most part of the border with Moldova. Nevertheless, not all PMR territory lies in Transnistria, and some locations on the left bank of the Dniester are controlled by the Moldovan government. Tighina (Bender) and its surrounding area on the river's west bank is controlled by Transnistria, while some villages near Dubăsari on the east bank are under Moldovan control. A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. ...
1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish, БеÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ñ–Ñ in Ukrainian) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ...
The river Dniestr (in Polish and Russian; Nistru in Romanian; Дністер, Dnister in Ukrainian; Tyras in Latin; also known as Dniester) is a river in Eastern Europe. ...
The Dniester (Ukrainian: , translit. ...
Tighina or Bender (Russian: ; Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина) is a city in Transnistria, the breakaway region of Moldova. ...
Dubăsari (Russian: ДубоÑÑары / Dubossary) is a town in eastern Moldova with a 2005 population of 49,000. ...
Tiraspol, the capital, is Transnistria's largest city with 159,163 inhabitants.
See also:
This is a list of municipalities, cities, communes and villages in Transnistria. ...
Administrative regions Transnistria is divided into seven administrative regions (raions). Russian names are listed in parentheses: A raion (or rayon) (Russian and Ukrainian: ; Belarusian раён; Azeri: rayon, Latvian: rajons, Georgian: , raioni) is one of two kinds of administrative subdivisions in languages of some post-Soviet states: a subnational entity and a subdivision of a city. ...
Administrative Region of Camenca is an administrative region of Transnistria. ...
Administrative Region of Dubăsari is an administrative region in Transnistria. ...
Administrative Region of Grigoriopol is an administrative region of Transnistria, a country, that has declared itself independent from Moldova. ...
The Administrative Region of Rîbniţa (Russian: Rybnitsa) is a subdivision of Transnistria, a country that has declared itself independent from Moldova. ...
Administrative Region of Slobozia administrative region of Transnistria, which is an unrecognized country, that has declared itself independent of Moldova. ...
Administrative Region of Tighina is an administrative in Transnistria. ...
Administrative Region of Tiraspol is an administrative region of Transnistria. ...
Political status -
Transnistria is internationally recognised as being a legal part of the Republic of Moldova, although de facto control is exercised by its internationally unrecognised government which declared independence from Moldova as the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica or Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), in 1990 with Tiraspol as its declared capital. Prior to unification with Moldova in 1940, Tiraspol was the capital of MASSR, an autonomous republic which existed from 1924 to 1940. The disputed status of Transnistria arose because of the Transnistrian declaration of independence on Sep. ...
Moldavian ASSR or Moldovan ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; Romanian: Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous region of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing Transnistria (now in Moldova) and parts which are now in Ukraine. ...
Although exercising no direct control over the territory, the Moldovan government passed the "Law on Basic Provisions of the Special Legal Status of Localities from the Left Bank of the Dniester" on July 22, 2005, which established an autonomous territorial unit in Transnistria within the Republic of Moldova. The law was passed without any prior consultation with Transnistria, whose government felt that it was a provocation and has since ignored it. There are unsettled border issues between the PMR and Moldova. Some villages from the Dubăsari district, including Cocieri and Doroţcaia which geographically belong to Transnistria, have been under the control of the central government of Moldova after the involvement of local inhabitants on the side of Moldovan forces during the War of Transnistria. These villages along with Varniţa and Copanca, near Tighina, are claimed by the PMR. Tense situations have periodically surfaced due to these territorial disputes, for example in 2005, when Transnistrian forces entered Vasilievca,[2] in 2006 around Varniţa, and in 2007 in Dubăsari-Cocieri area, when a confrontation between Moldovan and Transnistrian forces occurred, however without any casualties. July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Autonomous territorial unit or territorial autonomous unit (moldovan Unitate teritorială autonomă) is a country subdivision term applied to Gagauzia, Moldova. ...
The disputed status of Transnistria arose because of the Transnistrian declaration of independence on Sep. ...
Administrative Region of Dubăsari is an administrative region in Transnistria. ...
Cocieri is a village in the Republic of Moldova, located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River, along with Transnistria. ...
Doroţcaia is a village from the Republic of Moldova, situated in Transnistria. ...
Combatants Transnistria Russian volunteers Ukrainian volunteers Moldova Casualties 823 Transnistrian fatalities,[1] 90 Cossacks,[2] and an unknown number of other casualties ~1,000 total casualties Official figures: 172 combatants, ~400 civilians [] The War of Transnistria involved armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between the Transnistrian separatists...
Varniţa may refer to several villages in Romania: Varniţa, a village in Şiştarovăţ Commune, Arad County Varniţa, a village in Şirna Commune, Prahova County Varniţa, a village in Răcoasa Commune, Vrancea County and a village in Moldova: Varniţa, a village in Raionul Anenii...
Tighina or Bender (Russian: ; Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина) is a city in Transnistria, the breakaway region of Moldova. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
Internal politics -
 The Transnistrian parliament building in Tiraspol. In front is a statue of Lenin Transnistria has a multi-party system and a unicameral parliament named the Supreme Council. Its legislature has 43 members elected by proportional representation.[3] The president is elected to a five year term by popular vote. Politics of Transnistria, a de facto independent region of the Republic of Moldova in Eastern Europe, takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Transnistria is both head of state and head of government. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 462 KB) ÐпіÑаньне Tiraspol, Moldova (Transnistria), Transnistria government building Author - Monk (Monkbel), September 5, 2005. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 462 KB) ÐпіÑаньне Tiraspol, Moldova (Transnistria), Transnistria government building Author - Monk (Monkbel), September 5, 2005. ...
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a...
Image File history File linksMetadata Dom_Sovetov_-_the_House_of_Parliament_Tiraspol. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Dom_Sovetov_-_the_House_of_Parliament_Tiraspol. ...
It has been suggested that Town Hall be merged into this article or section. ...
Politics of Moldova Categories: Politics stubs | Lists of political parties | Transnistrian political parties ...
For unicameral alphabets, see the article letter case. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ...
The Supreme Council of the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Russian: Верховный Совет ПриднеÑтровÑкой МолдавÑкой РеÑпублики, Verkhovny Soviet Pridniestrovskoy Moldavskoy Respubliki) is the parliament of Transnistria. ...
This article is about the political process. ...
Igor Smirnov has been the President of Transnistria since the declaration of independence in 1990 and he is currently serving his fourth mandate after being reelected in December 2006. Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov (Russian: ), (b. ...
The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990. ...
The 2006 presidential election in Transnistria was held on December 10 of that year. ...
In the latest parliamentary election in December 2005, the opposition Renewal movement won an overall majority and its leader Yevgeni Shevchuk became speaker of parliament.[4] Renewal or Renovation (Obnovleniye) is the largest political party in Transnistria. ...
Yevgeni Shevchuk Yevgeni Shevchuk (Russian: , Ukrainian: ) (born June 19, 1968 in Rybnitsa, Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union) is an ethnic Ukrainian and a politician from Transnistria, speaker of Transnistrian Supreme Soviet and one of the leaders of opposition party Obnovleniye (Renewal, in Russian). ...
It has been suggested that Speakers of the House be merged into this article or section. ...
There is disagreement as to whether elections in Transnistria are free and fair.[5] A list published by the European Union bans travel to the EU of some members of the leadership of Transnistria.[6] The EU imposed this restriction because of what it considers "insufficient cooperation in the Transnistrian conflict settlement process.". Following the resolution of a key dispute, the ban has been lifted on education officials.[7] Politics of Moldova Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Transnistria ...
No opposition parties or publications are banned. Political candidates in favor of unification with Moldova are allowed to stand in elections,[8] although they rarely achieve more than 5% of the votes from the electorate.[9] Likewise, unionist political parties[10] and newspapers are legally registered and operating freely.[11]
Despite some efforts to enhance the democratic process in recent years election results in the past were considered suspicious, as in 2001 in one region it was reported that Igor Smirnov collected 103.6% of the votes.[12] Nevertheless, some organizations, such as CIS-EMO, have participated and have called them democratic. Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov (Russian: ), (b. ...
On October 2002, the Commonwealth of Independent States adopted at a heads of states meeting, the Convention on the Standards of Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights, and Freedoms in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States. ...
Transnistria has acceded to international pressure and has announced that it will introduce the proportional representation vote counting system in its next elections in replacement of its current first past the post system. The move, if honoured, will give minority parties favouring reunification with Moldova a greater number of seats in the parliament. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ...
The first-past-the-post electoral system is a voting system for single-member districts, variously called first-past-the-post (FPTP or FPP), winner-take-all, plurality voting, or relative majority. ...
See also:
Politics of Moldova Categories: Politics stubs | Lists of political parties | Transnistrian political parties ...
2006 independence referendum A referendum was held on 17 September 2006 asking voters: Ballots of the Argentine plebiscite of 1984 on the border treaty with Chile A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...
September 17 is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years). ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
- Do you support the course towards the independence of the PMR and subsequent free association with the Russian Federation?
- Do you consider it possible to renounce the PMR's independent status and subsequently become part of the Republic of Moldova?
According to the Transnistrian government, 78.6 percent of the registered voters of Transnistria voted in the referendum. 97.1 percent of voters supported the first point, while 2.3 percent did not support it. 3.4 percent of voters supported the second point, while 94.6 percent did not support it.[13][14] Russia's Duma[15] recognized the vote but the OSCE and many countries[16] did not, dismissing the poll as illegitimate.[17] An associated state is used to describe a free relationship between a territory and a larger nation. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with State Duma. ...
The 2006 referendum in Transnistria took place in Transnistria on 17 September 2006. ...
-
The 2006 referendum in Transnistria took place in Transnistria on 17 September 2006. ...
International relations
Ukraine-Transnistria border customs dispute -
On March 3, 2006, Ukraine introduced new customs regulations on its border with Transnistria. Ukraine declared it will only import goods from Transnistria with documents processed by Moldovan customs offices, as part of the implementation of the joint customs protocol between Ukraine and Moldova on December 30, 2005. Transnistria and Russia termed the act an "economic blockade". Moldova announced that it created favorable conditions for registration of Transnistria-based businesses: to obtain a 6-month export license is a half-hour simplified procedure.[citation needed] The Ukraine-Transnistria border customs conflict started on March 3, 2006, when Ukraine imposed new customs regulations on its border with Transnistria: Ukraine declared it will import goods from Transnistria with documents processed by Moldovan customs offices only, as part of the implementation of the joint customs protocol between Ukraine...
March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
Customs duty is a tariff or tax on the import or export of goods. ...
December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The United States, the European Union and OSCE approved the Ukrainian move, while Russia saw it as a means of political pressure.
On March 4, Transnistria responded by blocking the Moldovan and Ukrainian transport at the borders of Transnistria. The Transnistrian block was lifted after two weeks. However, the Moldovan/Ukrainian block remains in place, and holds up progress in status settlement negotiations between the sides.[18]
In the months following the regulations, exports from Transnistria nosedived. Transnistria declared a "humaniatarian catastrophe" in the region, while Moldova called it "deliberate misinformation".[19] Cargos of humanitarian aid were sent from Russia and from NGOs in the United States and the European Union in response.[20][21][22]
History -
This is the history of Transnistria. ...
Antiquity and Middle Ages The area where Transnistria is now located has been inhabited by Indo-European tribes for millennia, being a borderland between Dacia and Scythia. The Ancient Greek Miletians founded about 600 BC a colony named Tyras, situated on the mouth of the Dniester river (Tyras). Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now...
Approximate extent of Scythia and Sarmatia in the 1st century BC (the orange background shows the spread of Eastern Iranian languages, among them Scytho-Sarmatian). ...
The Temple to Athena, the Parthenon Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around three thousand years. ...
The lower half of the benches and the remnants of the scene building of the theater of Miletus (August 2005) Miletus (Hittite: Milawata or Millawanda, Greek: Μίλητος transliterated Miletos, Turkish: Milet) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia (in what is now the Aydin Province of Turkey...
Tyras, a colony of Miletus, probably founded about 600 BC, situated some 10 m. ...
The Dniester (Ukrainian: , translit. ...
Transnistria was home to the South Slavs from the 6th century. In the early Middle Ages, Slavic tribes such as the Tivertsi and the Ulichs[23] populated Transnistria, followed by Turkic nomads such as the Petchenegs[24] and Cumans. An early part of Kievan Rus', after the Mongol invasion of Europe (1241), the territory was briefly under Mongol control, and later under the Crimean Khanate. From the 15th century, northern Transnistria belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[25][26][27][28][29] Prior to becoming part of the Russian Empire, the largest group living between the Dniester and the Bug rivers was made up of Slavs, primarily Ukrainian peasants.[30] Countries inhabited by South Slavs (in black) Distribution of Slavic peoples by language The South Slavs are a southern branch of the Slavic peoples that live in the Balkans, the southern Pannonian Plain and the eastern Alps. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
Slav, Slavic or Slavonic can refer to: Slavic peoples Slavic languages Slavic mythology Church Slavonic language Old Church Slavonic language Slav, a former Jewish settlement in the Gaza Strip. ...
Tivertsi, a. ...
The Ulichs (Uglichs) (Уличи, Угличи in Russian) were a tribe of Early East Slavs between the 8th and the 10th century, which inhabited the territories along the Lower Dnieper, Bug River and the Black Sea. ...
This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ...
Pechenegs or Patzinaks also known as Besenyők, were a semi-nomadic steppe people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language. ...
Cumans, also called as Polovtsy, (Russian Половцы, from old Slavic for pale yellowish) was the European name for the Western Kipchaks, a nomadic West Turkic tribe living on the north of the Black Sea along the Volga. ...
Kievan Rus′ was the early, mostly East Slavic [1] state dominated by the city of Kiev from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ...
The Mongol invasions of Europe were centered in their destruction of the Ruthenian states, especially Kiev, under the leadership of Subutai. ...
The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ...
The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called ÐŸÐ°Ð³Ð¾Ð½Ñ in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and PogoÅ„ in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji KunigaikÅ¡tystÄ—, Belarusian: Ð’ÑліÌкае КнÑÌÑтва ЛітоÌÑžÑкае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике КнÑзівÑтво ЛитовÑьке (ВКЛ), Polish: Wielkie KsiÄ™stwo Litewskie) was an...
Anthem: God Save the Tsar! The Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Saint Petersburg Language(s) Russian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1721-1725 Peter the Great (first) - 1894-1917 Nicholas II (last) History - Established 22 October, 1721 - February Revolution 2 April, 1917 Area - 1897 22,400,000 km2 8,648,688 sq...
Russian Empire In 1792 the region became part of the Russian Empire as a result of sixth Russo-Turkish War. In that year, the general Alexander Suvorov founded modern Tiraspol as a Russian border fortress.[31][32] Until the Russian Revolution of 1917, the current Transnistria was divided between imperial guberniyas of Podolia, Kherson, and Bessarabia. The territory which now is Transnistria was part of the larger New Russia region, hence it witnessed a strong colonization process, with a multitude of ethnies being settled: lands were given to enserfed peasantry from Russia and Ukraine (see also Nova Serbia), and Jews and Germans were brought to facilitate economic development. Image File history File links Avsuvorov. ...
Image File history File links Avsuvorov. ...
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Russian: ) (sometimes transliterated as Aleksandr, Aleksander and Suvarov), Count Suvorov of Rymnik, Prince of Italy () (November 24, 1729 – May 18, 1800), was the fourth and last Russian Generalissimo (not counting Stalin). ...
The Russo–Turkish War (1787–1792) involved a futile attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to Russia in the course of the previous Russo–Turkish War, 1768–1774. ...
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Russian: ) (sometimes transliterated as Aleksandr, Aleksander and Suvarov), Count Suvorov of Rymnik, Prince of Italy () (November 24, 1729 – May 18, 1800), was the fourth and last Russian Generalissimo (not counting Stalin). ...
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ...
Guberniya (Russian: ) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as governorate or province. ...
Historical arms of Podilia The region of Podolia (also spelt Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. ...
Kherson (Ukrainian and Russian ХерÑон) is a city in southern Ukraine, the capital of Kherson Oblast, with 303,900 inhabitants (2004). ...
1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish, БеÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ñ–Ñ in Ukrainian) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ...
Novorossiya (Russian: , literally New Russia) is a historic area now mostly located in southern Ukraine, and partially in southern Russia. ...
A Peasant Leaving His Landlord on Yuriev Day, painting by Sergei V. Ivanov. ...
Nova Serbia (New Serbia) map Nova Serbia or New Serbia (Serbian: Nova Srbija or Ðова Србија) was a territory of Imperial Russia in 1752-1764. ...
Soviet Union -
 Moldavian ASSR (in orange) and Romania, 1924-1940 Transnistria became an autonomous political entity in 1924 with the proclamation of the Moldavian ASSR, which included today's Transnistria as well as an area around the city of Balta in modern-day Ukraine, but nothing from Bessarabia, which at the time was part of Romania. Another reason for the creation of the Moldavian ASSR was the desire of the Soviet Union at the time to eventually incorporate Bessarabia. The Moldavian SSR, which was organised by a decision of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 2 August 1940, was formed from a part of Bessarabia (taken from Romania on 28 June, following the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact), and a part of the Moldavian ASSR which is roughly equivalent to present-day Transnistria. In 1941, after Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union in the course of the Second World War, they defeated the Soviet troops in the region and occupied it. By March 1943, a total of 185,000 Ukrainian and Romanian Jews had been deported and the majority died or was murdered under Romanian and German occupation of Transnistria. The Soviet Union regained the area in 1944, and the Soviet colonisation of the region was resumed. Moldavian ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Republic; Romanian: Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous region of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing Transnistria (now in Moldova) and parts which are now in Ukraine. ...
State motto: Пролетарь дин тоате цÑриле, униць-вÑ! Official language None. ...
Image File history File links Romania_MASSR_1920. ...
Image File history File links Romania_MASSR_1920. ...
Moldavian ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Republic; Romanian: Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous region of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing Transnistria (now in Moldova) and parts which are now in Ukraine. ...
old jewish cemetery in Balta, 2005 Balta (Ukrainian: ) is a small town (pop. ...
Moldavian ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Republic; Romanian: Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous region of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing Transnistria (now in Moldova) and parts which are now in Ukraine. ...
1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish, БеÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ñ–Ñ in Ukrainian) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ...
The Supreme Soviet (Верховный Совет, Verhovniy Sovet, literally the Supreme Council) comprised the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power...
August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ...
1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...
The June 1940 Soviet Ultimatum was issued by the Soviet Union to Romania, regarding the Soviet territorial requests. ...
June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ...
Molotov signs the German-Soviet non-aggression pact. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Combatants Soviet Union,1 Poland (from January 1945) Germany,1 Italy (to 1943), Romania (to 1944), Finland (to 1944), Hungary, Slovakia Commanders Aleksei Antonov, Azi Aslanov, Ivan Konev, Rodion Malinovsky, Ivan Bagramyan, Kirill Meretskov, Ivan Petrov, Alexander Rodimtsev, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Pavel Rotmistrov, Semyon Timoshenko, Fyodor Tolbukhin, Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Nikolai Vatutin...
Romania controlled (August 19 1941 - January 29 1944) the whole Transnistrian region between Dniester, Bug rivers and Black Sea coast. ...
Secession to the present Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika in the Soviet Union allowed political liberalisation at a regional level in 1980s. On 2 September 1990, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed as a Soviet republic by the "Second Congress of the Peoples' Representatives of Transnistria". On 22 December 1990, Mikhail Gorbachev, the leader of USSR, signed a decree that declared the decisions of this congress legally void. Nevertheless, neither the USSR, nor Moldova, a Soviet Socialist Republic at the time, took any significant practical action, hence the new authorities in Transnistria slowly got control over the region. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: , Michail SergeeviÄ GorbaÄëv), IPA: , surname more accurately romanized as Gorbachyov; born March 2, 1931) is a Russian politician. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ...
State motto: Russian: Пролетарии вÑех Ñтран, ÑоединÑйтеÑÑŒ!; Moldovan: Пролетарь дин тоате цÑриле, униць-вÑ! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Tiraspol Official language Russian, Ukrainian, Moldovan Established In the USSR: - Since - Until 2 September 1990 n/a n/a Area - Total - Water (%) Ranked n/a in the USSR 4,163 km² negligible Population - Total - Density Ranked n/a in...
December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ...
The War of Transnistria followed armed clashes on a limited scale which broke out between Transnistrian separatists and Moldova as early as November 1990 at Dubăsari. On 2 March 1992, Moldova began concerted military action against Transnistria. Throughout 1992 the fighting intensified until a ceasefire was signed on 21 July 1992 which has held ever since. The war left more than one thousand dead, many more wounded, and an estimated 100,000 refugees. Combatants Transnistria Russian volunteers Ukrainian volunteers Moldova Casualties 823 Transnistrian fatalities,[1] 90 Cossacks,[2] and an unknown number of other casualties ~1,000 total casualties Official figures: 172 combatants, ~400 civilians [] The War of Transnistria involved armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between the Transnistrian separatists...
Dubăsari (Russian: ДубоÑÑары / Dubossary) is a town in eastern Moldova with a 2005 population of 49,000. ...
March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ...
1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...
July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 163 days remaining. ...
1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...
The OSCE is trying to facilitate a negotiated settlement. Under OSCE auspices, on 8 May 1997, the Moldovan President Petru Lucinschi and the Transnistrian president Igor Smirnov, signed the "Memorandum on the principles of normalizations of the relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria", also known as the "Primakov Memorandum", sustaining the establishment of legal and state relations, although the memorandum's provisions had diverging legal and political interpretations in Chişinău and Tiraspol. May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Petru Chiril Lucinschi (Russian: Пётр Кириллович ЛучинÑкий, Ukrainian: Петро Кирилович ЛучинÑький)(born 1940) was Moldovas second president from 1996 until his defeat after parliamentary elections in 2001. ...
Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov (Russian: ), (b. ...
County Chişinău Status Municipality Mayor Veaceslav Iordan, since 2007 Area 635 km² Population (2004) 647,513 [1] Density 1114 inh/km² Geographical coordinates Founded in 1436 Dialing code +373 22 Web site http://www. ...
County Transnistria Status Municipality/Capital Mayor Viktor Kostyrko, since 2003 Area 85 km² Population (2005) 159 163 Geographical coordinates 46°51′ N 29°38′ E Web site http://www. ...
In November 2003, Dmitry Kozak, a counselor of the Russian president Vladimir Putin, proposed a memorandum on the creation of an asymmetric federal Moldovan state, with Moldova holding a majority and Transnistria being a minority part of the federation.[33] Known as "the Kozak memorandum", it did not coincide with the Transnistrian position, which sought equal status between Transnistria and Moldova, but Transnistria nevertheless agreed to sign it. Vladimir Voronin was initially supportive of the plan, but refused to sign it after Russia had endorsed the Transnistrian demand to maintain a Russian military presence for the next 20 years as a guarantee for the intended federation, as well as due to pressure from the OSCE and US.[34] The refusal by the Moldovan side resulted in the sudden and long-term cooling of relations between Moldova and Russia, and halted further progress in the settlement negotiations. 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Dmitry Kozak Dmitry Nikolayevich Kozak (Russian: Дмитрий Ðиколаевич Козáк) (b. ...
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the incumbent President of Russia. ...
Asymmetric federalism is a form of federalism where different constituent states possess different powers. ...
The Kozak Memorandum was a 2003
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