Main article: Israel
Geography
Land of Israel  · Palestine region
Districts  · Cities  · Transport
Jerusalem  · Tel Aviv · Haifa
History of Israel
Zionism  · Timeline  · Aliyah  · Herzl
Balfour  · Mandate  · 1947 UN Plan
Independence  · Austerity  · Ma'abarot
Lavon Affair  · Wadi Salib events  · Eichmann Trial
Arab-Israeli conflict  · Proposals
1948 War  · 1949 Armistice
Suez War  · Six-Day War  · Attrition
Yom Kippur War  · Lebanon War
Peace treaties with: Egypt, Jordan
Israeli-Palestinian conflict  · Timeline
Peace process  · Peace camp
1st Intifada  · Oslo  · 2nd Intifada
Barrier  · Disengagement
Economy
Science & Tech.  · Companies
Demographics  · Culture
Judaism  · Israeli Arabs  · Kibbutz
Music  · Archaeology  · Universities
Hebrew  · Literature  · Israelis
Laws  · Politics
Parties  · Elections  · Knesset
PM  · President  · Supreme Court
Law of Return, Jerusalem  · Halakha
Foreign affairs  · UN  · Intl. Law
Israeli Security Forces
Israel Defense Forces
Mossad  · Shin Bet  · Aman
Sayeret  · YAMAM  · Magav  · Police

Transportation in Israel is well developed, and is continuously being upgraded to meet the demands of rapid population growth, political factors, military needs of the Israel Defense Force, tourism and increased traffic. Israeli Coat of Arms Original digital image can be found at the site of the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: http://www. ... Large Flag of Israel File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Land of Israel (Hebrew: ארץ ישראל Eretz Yisrael) is the land that made up the ancient Jewish Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. ... Map of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... There are six main districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (singular: mehoz) and thirteen sub-districts known as nafot (singular: nafa). ... Cities in Israel, by district: // Northern District See also North District of Israel. ... Jerusalem (31°46′ N 35°14′ E; Hebrew:   יְרוּשָׁלַיִם [?]; Yerushalayim; Arabic:   القُدس[?] al-Quds; see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... Haifa (Hebrew חֵיפָה Ḥefa, Ḥeyfa; Arabic حَيْفَا Ḥayfā) is the third-largest city in Israel, with a population close to 300,000. ... Main article: Israel. ... For other meanings, please see Zionism (disambiguation) Zionism is a political movement and an ideology that supports a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel, where the Jewish nation originated and where Jewish kingdoms and self governing states existed at various times in ancient history. ... Timeline of Zionism in the modern era: 1861 - The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt, Germany. ... Aliyah (Hebrew: עלייה; ascent) is a term widely used to mean Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948, the State of Israel). ... Theodor Herzl, in his middle age. ... The Balfour Declaration was a letter dated November 2, 1917 from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour, to Lord Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation, a private Zionist organization. ... Map of the territory under the British Mandate of Palestine. ... On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, a plan to resolve the Arab-Jewish conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York. ... Austerity in Israel: From 1949 to 1959, the state of Israel was, to a varying extent, under a regime of austerity (צנע), during which rationing and similar measures were enforced. ... The Maabarot (Hebrew: מעברות) were transit camps that were in Israel in the 1950s. ... The Lavon Affair refers to a widespread political scandal in Israel that followed an Israeli covert operation in Egypt known as Operation Suzannah. ... Wadi Salib events were a series of street demonstrations and acts of vandalism in Wadi Salib neighborhood in Haifa in the year of 1959. ... The Trial of Adolf Eichmann were held in Israel in the early 1960s. ... Israel (in Blue) and the Arab League states (in Green) The Arab-Israeli conflict is a long-running conflict in the Middle East regarding the existence of the state of Israel and its relations with Arab states and with the Palestinian population (see Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... Geneva Accord October 20, 2003 Road Map for Peace April 30, 2003 The Peoples Voice July 27, 2002 Elon Peace Plan 2002 ... The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, called the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) by Israelis and al Nakba (Arabic: النكبة, the catastrophe) by Arabs, was the first in a series of wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. ... HMS Eagle, Bulwark, and Albion of the British Royal Navy. ... The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים transliteration: Milhemet Sheshet Hayamim), also known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Six Days War, or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... // The War of Attrition was a limited war fought between Egypt and Israel from 1968 to 1970. ... The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (Hebrew: מלחמת יום הכיפורים; transliterated: Milhemet Yom HaKipurim; Arabic: حرب أكتوبر; transliterated: Harb October or حرب تشرين transliterated: Harb Tishrin), also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 (the day of Yom Kippur) to October 24, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of... The 1982 Invasion of Lebanon, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (Shlom HaGalil in Hebrew), began June 6, 1982, when the Israel Defence Force invaded southern Lebanon purportedly in response to the Abu Nidal organizations assassination attempt against Israels ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, and to halt... Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip are at the center of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... This is a incomplete timeline of events in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... The Israeli peace camp is a collection of political and non-political movements which desire to promote peace, mainly with the Arab neighbours of Israel (the Palestinians, Syria and Lebanon) and encourage co-existence with the Arab citizens of Israel. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP), finalized in Oslo, Norway by August 20, 1993, and subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993 with Mahmoud Abbas signing for the Palestine... It has been suggested that Rosh Hashana Arab Assault be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Apartheid wall be merged into this article or section. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan Israels unilateral disengagement plan (Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות or תכנית ההתנתקות (thats also the name of the plan according to the official Disengagement Implementation Law) or תוכנית ההינתקות), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Gaza Expulsion plan was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel... Israeli contributions to science and technology have been significant, even strangely out of proportion for a country of roughly six million with continuous security challenges. ... . The top 10 Israeli companies by sales are: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. ... This article discusses the demographics of Israel. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The great majority of citizens in the State of Israel are Jewish; the great majority of Israeli Jews practice Judaism as their religion. ... Israeli Arabs are Palestinians who remained inside the borders of what would become Israel, when many either fled or were expelled from the area (see Nakba) during and immediately after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective community. ... Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Palestinians (see Palestinian music) and Jewish immigrants (see Jewish music) from more than 120 countries around the world have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global melting pot. ... The archaeology of Israel is a national passion that also attracts considerable international interest on account of the regions Biblical links. ... There are eight official universities in Israel, listed below (followed by their English acronym, if commonly used): Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI) Tel-Aviv University (TAU) University of Haifa Bar-Ilan University (BIU) Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Weizmann Institute of Science Open... Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by 6 million people mainly in Israel, parts of the Palestinian territories, the United States and by Jewish communities around the world. ... Israeli literature is literature of the nation of Israel. ... Basic Laws of Israel function as Israels uncodified constitution. The State of Israel has no formal constitution. ... Politics of Israel comprises of several interwoven components: // Laws Israels governmental system is based on several basic laws enacted by its unicameral parliament, the Knesset. ... Political parties in Israel: Israel has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. ... Elections in Israel gives information on election and election results in Israel. ... The Knesset (כנסת, Hebrew for assembly) is the Parliament of Israel. ... The Prime Minister of Israel is the elected head of the Israeli government. ... President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel, but has a largely ceremonial, figurehead role with real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister of Israel. ... The Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Right of return#Jewish. ... The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Israeli Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th Av, 5740). ... Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish rabbinic law, custom and tradition. ... Foreign relations of Israel deals with some of the following issues: In addition to seeking an end to hostilities with Arab forces, against which it has fought five wars since 1948, Israel has given high priority to gaining wide acceptance as a sovereign state with an important international role. ... Israel and the United Nations have had very mixed relations, since the states founding on May 14, 1948. ... Arguments about the applicability of various elements of international law underlie the debate around the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... The Israel Security Forces (ISF) are several organizations collectively responsible for Israels security. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ×”×”×’× ×” לישראל   Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael[?] ([Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israel army, Israel air force and Israel navy. ... Official seal of the Mossad   Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim? (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Assignments) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ... Shabak emblem Defender who shall not be seen The Shabak (in Hebrew, שבכ   Shabak?} an acronym of Sherut ha-Bitachon ha-Klali שירות ביטחון כללי) known abroad as the Shin Bet or the GSS (General Security Service), is the Internal General Security Service of Israel. ... Aman badge Aman (אמן) is the Hebrew abbreviation for the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) Directorate of Military Intelligence (אגף מודיעין), Israels central, overarching military inteligence. ... Sayeret (Hebrew סיירת, pl. ... The YAMAM ( יממ ) is the elite civilian counter-terrorism unit of Israel. ... The Israel Border Police (Hebrew: משמר הגבול, mishmar hagvul) is a combat branch of the Israeli Police. ... This article discusses the demographics of Israel. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces (army, air force and navy). ... In many parts of the world traffic is generally organized, flowing in lanes of travel for a particular direction, with interchanges, traffic signals, or signage at intersectons to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. ...

Highways

• Total: 16,903 km
• Paved: 16,903 km (including 56 km of expressways)
• Unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Pipelines

Crude oil 708 km; petroleum products 290 km; natural gas 89 km. See article about the Trans-Israel pipeline. The Trans-Israel pipeline, also known as the Tipline was built in 1968 to transport oil from Shahs Iran to Europe. ...

Ports and harbors

Mediterranean Sea

• Ashdod
• Ashkelon
• Hadera
• Haifa
• Herzliyya
• Tel Aviv-Yafo

Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Alanic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ... Ashdod (Hebrew אַשְׁדּוֹד, Standard Hebrew Ašdod;, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAšdôḏ, Arabic إسدود ʾIsdūd) is a port city in Israel located halfway between Tel Aviv and Gaza, in the Southern District of Israel. ... Ashkelon or Ashqelon (Hebrew אַשְׁקְלוֹן; Standard Hebrew AÅ¡qÉ™lon; Tiberian Hebrew ʾAÅ¡qÉ™lôn; Arabic عسقلان   Ê¿Asqalān?; Latin Ascalon) was an ancient Philistine seaport on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea just north of Gaza. ... Hadera (חדרה) is a city in the Haifa District in Israel. ... Haifa (Hebrew חֵיפָה Ḥefa, Ḥeyfa; Arabic حَيْفَا Ḥayfā) is the third-largest city in Israel, with a population close to 300,000. ... Herzliyya (הרצליה; also spelled Herzliyyah or Herzlia or Herzliya) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip in the south of the Sharon region, just north of Tel-Aviv (about 15 minutes drive), and part of the Tel-Aviv metropolitan area in the Tel-Aviv District. ... Tel Aviv at night Dizengof Center Allenby Street Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew תל אביב-יפו; Arabic تل ابيب-يافا Tal Abīb-Yāfā) is an Israeli city on the coast of the Mediterranean sea. ...

Red Sea

On the Gulf of Aqaba: Conshelf II in the Red Sea (Sudan) Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea (Arabic البحر الأحمر Baḥr al-Aḥmar, al-Baḥru l-’Aḥmar; Hebrew ים סוף Yam Suf; Tigrigna ቀይሕ ባሕሪ QeyH baHri) is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... Sinai Peninsula, with the Gulf of Aqaba (east) and the Gulf of Suez (west), as viewed from the Space Shuttle STS-40. ...

• Eilat

Eilat (Hebrew אֵילַת, Standard Hebrew Elat, Eylat), pop. ...

Merchant marine

• Total: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 752,873 GRT/881,711 DWT
• Ships by type: Cargo 1, Container 16 (2005)

Airports

• 51 (2004 est.)

Airports with paved runways

• Total:28
  • over 3,047 m:2
  • 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
  • 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 10
  • under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)

Airports with unpaved runways

• Total:23
  • 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  • 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 2
  • under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)

Heliports

• 3 (2004 est.)

Railways

• Total:719 km
• standard gauge: 719 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)

See related article about Israel Railways. 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Israel Railways (Hebrew: רכבת ישראל Rakevet Yisrael) is Israels government-owned national railway company and is responsible for all inter-city and suburban railway passenger and freight traffic in the country. ...

Railway links with adjacent countries

• Lebanon - defunct
• Syria - defunct
• Jordan - proposed
• Egypt - defunct

See also

• Israel