This article may be too long. Please discuss this issue on the talk page and help summarize or split the content into subarticles of an article series.

The transportation system of New York City is an unparalleled cooperation of unique, complex, and grandiose systems of infrastructure. New York City, being the largest city in the United States, has an unrivalled transportation system which includes the largest subway system in the world, measured by track mileage; the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel, and even an aerial tramway. Through prolonged use, and a distinct history of events, the infrastructure now faces increasing problems in functionality, dependability, and funding. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Times Square–42nd Street station entrance The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority as MTA New York City Transit. ... The Roosevelt Island Tramway is an aerial tramway in New York City. ...

New York City is distinguished from other cities in the United States because of its significant use of public transportation, per capita. While nearly 90% of Americans drive to their jobs, public transit is the overwhelmingly dominant form of transportation for New Yorkers.^[1] About one in every three users of mass transit in the United States and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in New York and its suburbs.^[2] New York City is the only locality in the United States where more than half of all households do not own a car (the figure is even higher in Manhattan - over 75%; nationally, the rate is 8%).^[1] This is a list of the cities, towns, and villages of the United States. ... A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ...

The New York City Subway is one of the largest and busiest systems in the world.

The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1648 KB) Flushing line platform at Grand Central Station. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1648 KB) Flushing line platform at Grand Central Station. ... Times Square–42nd Street station entrance The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority as MTA New York City Transit. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Verrazano Bridge redirects here; for the bridge to Assateague Island, see Verrazano Bridge (Maryland). ...

Background

History

Main article: History of New York City transportation

An 1807 version of grid plan for Manhattan.

The history of New York City's transportation system began with the Dutch port of Nieuw Amsterdam. The port had maintained several roads; some were built atop former Lenape trails, others as "commuter" links to surrounding cities, and one was even paved by 1658 from orders of Petrus Stuyvesant, according to Burrow, et. al. ^[3] The 19th Century brought changes to the format of the system's transport- a street grid by 1811 (see the Commissioners' Plan of 1811), as well as an unprecedented link between New York and Brooklyn, then separate cities, via the Brooklyn Bridge, in 1883. The History of the New York City Transportation System ranges from strong Dutch authority in the 17th Century, expansionism during the industrial era in the 18th century and half of the 20th Century, to outright cronyism during the failures of the Robert Moses era. ... Download high resolution version (250x720, 132 KB)An 1807 version of the Commissioners Grid plan for Manhattan, a few years before being adopted in 1811. ... Download high resolution version (250x720, 132 KB)An 1807 version of the Commissioners Grid plan for Manhattan, a few years before being adopted in 1811. ... New Amsterdam may refer to: New Amsterdam, the colonial settlement in the New Netherland colony that became New York City New Amsterdam, Indiana New Amsterdam, Guyana Nieuw Amsterdam, Netherlands, in the Dutch municipality of Emmen Nieuw Amsterdam, Suriname Suriname New Amsterdam Brewing Company in New York City This is a... Peter Stuyvesant, ca. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... An 1807 version of the Commissioners Grid plan for Manhattan, a few years before it was adopted in 1811. ... For other uses, see Brooklyn Bridge (disambiguation). ...

The Second Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the city – the port infrastructure grew at such a rapid pace after the 1825 completion of the Erie Canal that New York became the most important connection between all of Europe and the interior of the United States. By the middle of the century, more passengers and products came through the Port of New York than all other harbors in the country combined. ^{[citation needed]}. Elevated trains and subterranean transportation ('El trains' and 'subways') were introduced between 1880 and 1904. In 1904, the first subway line became operational. ^[4] Practical private automobiles brought an additional change for the city, by around 1930. For example, In 1927, The Holland Tunnel, the first mechanically ventilated road tunnel in the world, was built. Building off of the rise of automobiles, the later rise of Robert Moses was essential to creating New York's modern road infrastructure. Moses was the architect of all 416 miles of parkway, many other important roads, and seven great bridges.^[5] The Second Industrial Revolution (1865–1900) is a phrase used by some historians to describe an assumed second phase of the Industrial Revolution. ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Clifford Milburn Holland, 1919 Traveling through the Holland Tunnel, from Manhattan to New Jersey. ... Robert Moses with a model of his proposed Battery Bridge Robert Moses (December 18, 1888 - July 29, 1981) was the master builder of mid-20th century New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County. ...

Environmental and Social Issues

New York City's uniquely high rate of public transit use makes it one of the most energy-efficient cities in the United States. Gasoline consumption in the city today is at the rate of the national average in the 1920s.^[6] Researchers have found that of the 50 largest cities in the United States, New York is best positioned to endure an oil crisis with an extended gasoline price shock in the $3 to $8 dollar per gallon range.^[7]

The city's transportation system, and the population density it makes possible, also have other effects. Scientists at Columbia University examined data from 13,102 adults in the city's five boroughs and identified correlations between New York's built environment and public health. New Yorkers residing in densely populated, pedestrian-friendly areas have significantly lower body mass index (BMI) levels compared to other New Yorkers. Three characteristics of the city environment -- living in areas with mixed residential and commercial uses, living near bus and subway stops and living in population-dense areas -- were found to be inversely associated with BMI levels.^[8] Columbia University is a private research university in the United States and a member of the prestigious Ivy League. ... A graph of body mass index is shown above. ...

See also: Environmental issues in New York City

Central Park is nearly twice as big as the worlds second-smallest country, Monaco. ...

Commuting/Modal Split

Of all people who commute to work in New York City, 32% use the subway, 25% drive alone, 14% take the bus, 8% travel by commuter rail, 8% walk to work, 6% carpool, 1% use a taxi, 0.4% ride their bicycle to work, and 0.4% travel by ferry.^[9] 54% of households in New York City do not own a car, and rely on public transportation.^[10] While the so-called car culture dominates in most American cities, mass transit has a defining influence on New York life. The subway is a popular location for politicians to meet voters during elections and is also a major venue for musicians. Each week, more than 100 musicians and ensembles -- ranging in genre from classical to Cajun, bluegrass, African, South American and jazz -- give over 150 performances sanctioned by New York City Transit at 25 locations throughout the subway system.^[11] For the 1996 film, see Carpool (film). ... Over the course of the 20th century, the automobile rapidly developed from an expensive toy for the rich into the de facto standard for passenger transport in developed countries. ...

3.7 million people were employed in New York City; Manhattan is the main employment center with 56% of all jobs.^[12] Of those working in Manhattan, 30% commute from within Manhattan, while 17% come from Queens, 16% from Brooklyn, 8% from the Bronx, and 2.5% from Staten Island. Another 4.5% commute to Manhattan from Nassau County and 2% from Suffolk County on Long Island, while 4% commute from Westchester County. 5% commute from Bergen and Hudson counties in New Jersey.^[12] Some New Yorkers reverse commute to the suburbs: 3% travel to Nassau County, 1.5% to Westchester County, 0.7% to Hudson County, 0.6% to Bergen County, 0.5% to Suffolk County, and smaller percentages to other places in the metropolitan area.^[12] The Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) is a department at Texas A&M University that does research on transportation to increase the safety and efficiency of vehicles (as well as roads and rails, in the case of ground transport). ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... Nassau County is a suburban city county in the New York Metropolitan Area east of New York City in the U.S. state of New York. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Westchester County is a primarily suburban county with about 940,000 residents located in the U.S. state of New York. ...

Intracity Transportation

Railways

The New York City Subway is the lifeblood of the city.

By far the dominant mode of transportation in New York City is rail. Only 6% of shopping trips in Manhattan's Central Business District involve the use of a car.^[13] The city's public transportation network is the most extensive and among the oldest in North America. Responsibility for managing the various components of the system falls to several government agencies and private corporations. The largest and most important is the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), a public benefit corporation in the state of New York, which runs all of the city's subways and buses and two of its three commuter rail networks. Ridership in the city increased 36% to 2.2 billion annual riders from 1995 to 2005, far outpacing population growth.^[14] Average weekday subway ridership was 5.076 million in September 2006, while combined subway and bus ridership on an average weekday that month was 7.61 million.^[15] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1399 KB) Brooklyn-bound 2 train departing the Park Place subway station. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1399 KB) Brooklyn-bound 2 train departing the Park Place subway station. ... Times Square–42nd Street station entrance The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority as MTA New York City Transit. ... Mode of transport (or means of transport or transport mode or transport modality or form of transport) is a general term for the different kinds of transport facilities that are often used to transport people or cargo. ... The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the State of New York. ... A public benefit corporation is usually a government-owned corporation that performs a specific, narrow function for the public good. ...

Station entrance to the 59th Street-Columbus Circle station.

New York City Subway

Main article: New York City Subway

The New York City Subway is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by track mileage (656 miles, or 1,056 km of mainline track), and the fourth-largest when measured by annual ridership (1.4 billion passenger trips in 2005).^[2] It is the second-oldest subway system in the United States after the rapid transit system in Boston. In 2002, an average 4.8 million passengers used the metro each weekday. During one day in September 2005, 7.5 million daily riders set a record for ridership. Life in New York City is so dependent on the subway that the city is home to two of only three 24-hour subway systems in the world.^[16] The city's 26 subway lines run through all boroughs except Staten Island, which is served by the Staten Island Railway. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (797x1000, 893 KB) NYC Subway: Columbus Circle Station. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (797x1000, 893 KB) NYC Subway: Columbus Circle Station. ... 59th Street-Columbus Circle is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line and the IND Eighth Avenue Line. ... Times Square–42nd Street station entrance The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority as MTA New York City Transit. ... Times Square–42nd Street station entrance The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority as MTA New York City Transit. ... “Mass Transit” redirects here. ... The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) is a body politic and corporate, and a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts [2] formed in 1964 to finance and operate most bus, subway, commuter rail and ferry systems in the greater Boston, Massachusetts area. ... The Staten Island Railway (aka SIR, and formerly known as SIRT) is a rapid transit line operating in the Borough of Staten Island, New York City, USA. It is considered a standard railroad line, but is currently disconnected from the national railway system and operates with modified R44 New York...

Subway riders pay with the MetroCard, which is also valid on all other rapid transit systems and buses in the city, as well as the Roosevelt Island tramway. The MetroCard has completely replaced tokens, which were used in the past, to pay fares. Fares are loaded electronically on the card. Main article: Transportation in New York City Metrocard Gold 1997-Present, accepted as fare payment on all MTA and Bee-Line subways and buses, on AirTRAIN JFK, and PATH Trains. ...

A PATH train at the World Trade Center station.

PATH

Main article: Port Authority Trans-Hudson

The Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) is a subway system that links Manhattan, in New York State, to Jersey City, Hoboken, Harrison, and Newark, in New Jersey. The primary transit link between Manhattan and New Jersey, PATH carries 240,000 passengers each weekday on four lines.^[17] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1522 KB) Summary Hoboken-bound train at the temporary World Trade Center PATH station. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1522 KB) Summary Hoboken-bound train at the temporary World Trade Center PATH station. ... Late-night and weekend service: The World Trade Center PATH station, originally opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal. ... Hoboken- and Newark-bound platform at Exchange Place station in Jersey City. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ...

While some PATH stations are adjacent to subway stations in New York City and Newark as well as Hudson-Bergen Light Rail stations in New Jersey, there are no free transfers. The PATH system spans 13.8 miles (22.2 km) of route mileage, not including track overlap.^[18] Like the New York City Subway, PATH operates 24 hours a day. Opened in 1908 as the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, a privately owned corporation, PATH since 1962 has been operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.
Hudson-Bergen Light Rail trains at the Exchange Place stop in Jersey City HBLR train on Hudson Street, near Exchange Place station in Jersey City Harborside Financial Center station, Jersey City The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) is a light rail system, owned by New Jersey Transit and operated by... Tolls collected at the Holland Tunnel and other crossings help fund the Port Authority. ...

AirTrain at John F. Kennedy International Airport.

Airport services

Main articles: AirTrain JFK and AirTrain Newark

Kennedy and Newark airports are served by intermodal rail systems. AirTrain JFK is an 8.1 mile (13 km) rapid transit system that connects Kennedy to New York's subway and commuter rail network in Queens. It also provides free transit between airport terminals. For trips beyond the airport the train costs $5. Roughly 4 million people rode the AirTrain to and from Kennedy in 2006, an increase of about 15% over 2005.^[19] AirTrain Newark is a 1.9 mile (3 km) monorail system connecting Newark's three terminals to commuter and intercity trains running on the Northeast Corridor rail line. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (831x541, 172 KB) Taken From: english wikipedia File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Linear motor Bombardier Advanced Rapid Transit AirTrain JFK Airport rail link ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (831x541, 172 KB) Taken From: english wikipedia File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Linear motor Bombardier Advanced Rapid Transit AirTrain JFK Airport rail link ... John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK), originally known as Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) and colloquially known as Kennedy or simply JFK, is an international airport located in Jamaica, Queens, in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 km... AirTrain JFK is a 13 km (8. ... AirTrain tracks AirTrain Monorail entering Newark Airport Rail Station, August 2004. ... John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK), originally known as Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) and colloquially known as Kennedy or simply JFK, is an international airport located in Jamaica, Queens, in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 km... For the massive interchange outside of Newark Liberty International Airport, see Newark Airport Interchange. ... AirTrain JFK is a 13 km (8. ... AirTrain tracks AirTrain Monorail entering Newark Airport Rail Station, August 2004. ...

Commuter rail

Grand Central Terminal, one of the two busiest rail stations in the country.

Main articles: Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and New Jersey Transit

New York City's commuter rail system is the most extensive in the United States, with about 250 stations and 20 rail lines serving more than 150 million commuters annually in the tri-state region.^[20] Commuter rail service from the suburbs is operated by two agencies. The MTA operates the Long Island Rail Road on Long Island and the Metro-North Railroad in the Hudson Valley and Connecticut. New Jersey Transit operates the rail network on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River. These rail systems converge at the two busiest train stations in the United States, Penn Station and Grand Central Terminal, both in Manhattan. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2305x1287, 1501 KB)Temporary file for FPC Original photography & stitching by User:Diliff, horizontal correction by User:Janke Licensing Original license at Commons, Grand Central Station Main Concourse Jan 2006. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2305x1287, 1501 KB)Temporary file for FPC Original photography & stitching by User:Diliff, horizontal correction by User:Janke Licensing Original license at Commons, Grand Central Station Main Concourse Jan 2006. ... The main concourse Grand Central Terminal (GCT, often unofficially called Grand Central Station) is a terminal rail station at 15 Vanderbilt Avenue (42nd Street and Park Avenue) in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. ... LIRR redirects here. ... The Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, or MTA Metro-North Railroad, or, more commonly, Metro-North, is a suburban commuter rail service that is run and managed by an authority of New York State, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, or, more simply, the MTA. Metro-North runs service between New York... The New Jersey Transit Corporation (NJ Transit) is a statewide public transportation system serving the state of New Jersey, and Orange and Rockland counties in New York. ... The Tri-State Area The Tri-State Region is commonly used in the area surrounding New York City to unambiguously refer to the greater metropolitan area. ... LIRR redirects here. ... The Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, or MTA Metro-North Railroad, or, more commonly, Metro-North, is a suburban commuter rail service that is run and managed by an authority of New York State, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, or, more simply, the MTA. Metro-North runs service between New York... The New Jersey Transit Corporation (NJ Transit) is a statewide public transportation system serving the state of New Jersey, and Orange and Rockland counties in New York. ... Passengers bustle around the typical grand edifice of Londons Broad Street station in 1865. ... Pennsylvania Station (commonly known as Penn Station) is the major intercity rail station and a major commuter rail hub in New York City. ... The main concourse Grand Central Terminal (GCT, often unofficially called Grand Central Station) is a terminal rail station at 15 Vanderbilt Avenue (42nd Street and Park Avenue) in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. ...

Intercity Rail

Main article: Northeast Corridor

Intercity train service from New York City is provided by Amtrak. 54 trains run each day on the busiest route, New York to Philadelphia. For trips of less than 500 miles to other Northeastern cities Amtrak is often cheaper and faster than air travel. Amtrak accounts for 47% of all non-automobile intercity trips between New York and Washington, D.C. and about 14% of all intercity trips (including those by automobile) between those cities.^[21] Amtrak's high-speed Acela trains run from New York to Boston and Washington, D.C. using tilting technology and fast electric locomotives. This route, known as the Northeast Corridor, accounts for about half of Amtrak's total national ridership.^[22] Most of the NEC (those sections shown in red, except Boston to the Rhode Island state line) is owned by Amtrak. ... Acela Express in West Windsor, NJ Amtrak Cascades service with tilting Talgo trainsets in Seattle, Washington Amtrak train in downtown Orlando, Florida For other uses, see Amtrak (disambiguation). ... Acela Express (often called simply Acela, leading to early confusion with the Acela Regional and Acela Commuter) is the name used by Amtrak for the high-speed tilting train service operating between Washington, D.C. and Boston via New York City, Baltimore, and Philadelphia along the Northeast Corridor (NEC) in... Most of the NEC (those sections shown in red, except Boston to the Rhode Island state line) is owned by Amtrak. ...

New York City's Penn Station is the busiest Amtrak station in the United States by annual boardings. In 2004 it saw 4.4 million passenger boardings, more than double the next busiest station, Union Station in Washington, D.C.^[23] Union Station is the grand ceremonial train station designed to be the entrance to Washington, D.C. when it opened in 1907. ...

Major destinations with frequent service include Albany, New York, Baltimore, Boston, New Haven, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C., as well as the Canadian cities Toronto and Montreal. There are also trains to Upstate New York, New England and destinations in the South and Midwest. For other uses, see Albany. ... Baltimore redirects here. ... “Boston” redirects here. ... “New Haven” redirects here. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... The areas highlighted in YELLOW and GREEN are those which are considered to be a bona fide part of Upstate New York from the perspective of New York City. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ...

Buses

Main article: Buses in New York City

An Orion VII hybrid bus on the Upper West Side of Manhattan.

New York City's bus network is extensive, with approximately 5,800 buses carrying about 2.01 million passengers every day on more than 200 local routes and 30 express routes.^[24] Buses owned by MTA account for 80% of the city's surface mass transit.^[2] New York City has the largest clean air diesel-hybrid and compressed natural gas bus fleet in the United States.^[24] An Orion VII bus on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 676 KB) Summary Author: Michael P. Source URL: None Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 676 KB) Summary Author: Michael P. Source URL: None Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A 2006 Orion VII HEV (07. ... The Upper West Side is a neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City that lies between Central Park and the Hudson River above West 59th Street. ...

Buses are labeled with a number and a prefix identifying the primary borough (B for Brooklyn, Bx for the Bronx, M for Manhattan, Q for Queens, and S for Staten Island). Express buses use the letter "x" rather than a borough label.

The Port Authority Bus Terminal, near Times Square, is the busiest bus station in the United States and the main gateway for interstate buses into New York City. The terminal serves both commuter routes, mainly operated by New Jersey Transit, and national routes operated by companies such as Greyhound and Peter Pan. ^[25] Port Authority Bus Terminal at Eighth Avenue and 42nd Street The Port Authority Bus Terminal is the main gateway for interstate buses into Manhattan in New York City. ... Times Square. ... Greyhound Lines is the largest inter-city common carrier of passengers by bus in North America, serving 2,200 destinations in the United States. ... Peter Pan Bus Lines is a long-distance bus carrier that operates in the northeastern states of the United States. ...

Ferries

The Staten Island Ferry between Lower Manhattan and Staten Island.

The busiest ferry in the United States is the Staten Island Ferry, which annually carries over 19 million passengers on the 5.2 mile (8.4 km) run between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan. Service is provided 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and takes approximately 25 minutes each way. Each day approximately five boats transport almost 65,000 passengers during 104 boat trips. Over 33,000 trips are made annually.^[26] The Ferry has remained free of charge since 1997. The charge for vehicles is $3, however, vehicles have not been allowed on the Ferry since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Bicycles are allowed on the lower level for free, as well. The ferry ride is a favorite of tourists as it provides excellent views of the Lower Manhattan skyline and the Statue of Liberty. 600x175 pixels, Staten Island Ferry, 1999, © 1999, by Wikipedia user:alex756, all rights reserved; the license granted herein is to Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. ... 600x175 pixels, Staten Island Ferry, 1999, © 1999, by Wikipedia user:alex756, all rights reserved; the license granted herein is to Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. ... Staten Island Ferry, with the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in the background The Staten Island Ferry is a passenger ferry operated by the New York City Department of Transportation between Whitehall Street at the southernmost tip of Manhattan near Battery Park (South Ferry) and St. ... Woolworth Building, looking south along Broadway Lower Manhattan, from the Brooklyn Bridge, 2005 Rigid airship the USS Akron over Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... Staten Island Ferry, with the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in the background The Staten Island Ferry is a passenger ferry operated by the New York City Department of Transportation between Whitehall Street at the southernmost tip of Manhattan near Battery Park (South Ferry) and St. ... Woolworth Building, looking south along Broadway Lower Manhattan, from the Brooklyn Bridge, 2005 Rigid airship the USS Akron over Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... For other monuments to freedom, see Monument of Liberty. ...

New York has several privately run ferry services. Among the major companies are NY Waterway, which operates several routes from New Jersey across the Hudson River to Manhattan; SeaStreak, which provides service from Monmouth County, New Jersey to Manhattan; and New York Water Taxi, which runs lines connecting Brooklyn and Queens to Manhattan. NY Waterway is a private firm that provides commuter ferry service and tourist excursions in New York Harbor, with service between several points in Manhattan and New Jersey, including Hoboken Terminal. ... SeaStreak is a private firm that provides commuter ferry service and special event and sightseeing excursions in New York Harbor. ... A New York Water Taxi docks at Pier 11 near Wall Street. ...

See also: Staten Island Ferry

Staten Island Ferry, with the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in the background The Staten Island Ferry is a passenger ferry operated by the New York City Department of Transportation between Whitehall Street at the southernmost tip of Manhattan near Battery Park (South Ferry) and St. ...

Aerial tramway

Main article: Roosevelt Island Tramway

Roosevelt Island Tramway over the East River.

Built in 1976 to shuttle island residents to Midtown, the Roosevelt Island Tramway was originally intended to be a temporary commuter link for use until a subway station was established for the island. However, when the subway finally connected to Roosevelt Island in 1989, the tram was too popular to discontinue use. The Roosevelt Island Tramway is an aerial tramway in New York City. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3260x1539, 1557 KB) Summary Roosevelt Island Tramway Taken on November 12, 2005 Uploaded by wka on Flickr[1] Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Roosevelt Island Tramway Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3260x1539, 1557 KB) Summary Roosevelt Island Tramway Taken on November 12, 2005 Uploaded by wka on Flickr[1] Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Roosevelt Island Tramway Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... New York City waterways: 1. ... The Roosevelt Island Tramway is an aerial tramway in New York City. ...

The Tramway is operated by the Roosevelt Island Operating Corp (RIOC). Each cable car has a capacity of 125 passengers. Travel time from Roosevelt Island to Manhattan is just under five minutes and the fare is the same as a subway ride.

In 2006, service was suspended on the tramway for six months after a service malfunction that required all passengers to be evacuated.

Roads

Despite New York's reliance on public transit, roads are a defining feature of the city. Manhattan's street grid plan greatly influenced the city's physical development. Several of the city's streets and avenues, like Broadway, Wall Street and Madison Avenue are also used as shorthand in the American vernacular for national industries located there; those being the theater, finance, and retail organizations, respectively. A view of Broadway in 1909 Broadway, as the name implies, is a wide avenue in New York City. ... Elaborate marble facade of NYSE as seen from the intersection of Broad and Wall Streets For other uses, see Wall Street (disambiguation). ... Madison Avenue, looking north from 40th Street Madison Avenue is a north-south avenue in the borough of Manhattan in New York City that carries northbound one-way traffic. ...

There are twelve avenues that run parallel to the Hudson River, and 220 numbered streets that run perpandicular to the river. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami, Muhheakantuck, is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and...

See also: Geography and environment of New York City

The geography and environment of New York City is characterized by its coastal position at the meeting of the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean in a naturally sheltered harbor. ...

Bridges and Tunnels

Main article: Bridges and tunnels in New York City

The Brooklyn Bridge, one of New York's most recognizable structures.

With its Gothic-revival double-arched stone towers and diagonal suspension wires, the Brooklyn Bridge is one of the city's most recognized architectural structures, depicted by artists such as Hart Crane and Georgia O'Keefe. The Brooklyn Bridge's main span is 1,596 foot and 6 inches, and was the longest in the world when it was completed. The Williamsburg Bridge and Manhattan Bridge are the two others in the trio of architecturally-notable East River crossings. The Queensboro Bridge, which links Manhattan and Queens, is an important piece of cantilever bridge design. The borough of Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn through the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. The towers of the Verrazano, which rise 650 foot above the water, are 4,260 foot apart; these towers are far away enough from each other, due to the length of the main span, that there is a 1³⁄₈ inches (34 mm) displacement between the theoretical position of the side at the top of the tower, and the actual position, due to the Earth's curvature. // Bridges by water body East River From north to south: Throgs Neck Bridge Bronx-Whitestone Bridge Rikers Island Bridge (only connects Rikers Island to Queens) Hell Gate Bridge Triborough Bridge Roosevelt Island Bridge (east channel only) Queensboro Bridge Williamsburg Bridge Manhattan Bridge Brooklyn Bridge Hudson River George Washington Bridge (I... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 2503 KB) Other versions Originally from en. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 2503 KB) Other versions Originally from en. ... For other uses, see Brooklyn Bridge (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Brooklyn Bridge (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Georgia O’Keeffe in Abiquiu, New Mexico, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1950 Georgia OKeeffe (November 15, 1887 – March 6, 1986) was an American artist born in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. ... The Williamsburg Bridge is a suspension bridge in New York City across the East River connecting the Lower East Side of Manhattan at Delancey Street with the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn on Long Island at Broadway near the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (Interstate 278). ... The Manhattan Bridge is a suspension bridge that crosses the East River in New York City, connecting Lower Manhattan (at Canal Street) with Brooklyn (at Flatbush Avenue Extension). ... New York City waterways: 1. ... The Queensboro Bridge, also known as the 59th Street Bridge, is a cantilever bridge over the East River in New York City. ... Verrazano Bridge redirects here; for the bridge to Assateague Island, see Verrazano Bridge (Maryland). ...

New York has historically been a pioneer in tunnel construction. The Lincoln Tunnel, which carries 120,000 vehicles per day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Manhattan, is the world's busiest vehicular tunnel. The Holland Tunnel, also under the Hudson River, was the first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel in the world and is considered a National Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Two other notable tunnels connect Manhattan to other places; one is the Queens Midtown Tunnel, and the other the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel. At 9,117 foot (2,779 m), the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel is the longest underwater tunnel in North America. The Lincoln Tunnel is a 1. ... Clifford Milburn Holland, 1919 Traveling through the Holland Tunnel, from Manhattan to New Jersey. ... The Queens Midtown Tunnel is a toll road in New York City. ... The Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel is a toll road in New York City which crosses under the East River at its mouth and connects the Boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan, nearly passing under, but providing no access to Governors Island. ...

Expressways

Main article: Expressways in New York City

The Queens Midtown Tunnel is the start of the Long Island Expressway.

A less favored alternative to commuting by rail and boat is the New York region's outdated and congested expressway network, designed by Robert Moses. The city's extensive network of expressways includes four primary Interstate Highways: I-78, I-80, I-87 and I-95. I-278 serves as a partial beltway around the city. The Long Island Expressway begins at the Queens Midtown Tunnel and runs through the heart of Queens east into the Long Island suburbs. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 616 KB) I took this photo in July 2006 and release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 616 KB) I took this photo in July 2006 and release it into the public domain. ... The Queens Midtown Tunnel is a toll road in New York City. ... The Long Island Expressway (LIE) is one of the interstate highways with the designation of Interstate 495. ... Robert Moses with a model of his proposed Battery Bridge Robert Moses (December 18, 1888 - July 29, 1981) was the master builder of mid-20th century New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County. ... A typical rural stretch of Interstate highway, with two lanes in each direction separated by a large grassy median, and with cross-traffic limited to overpasses and underpasses. ... This Interstate Highway article needs to be cleaned up to conform to both a higher standard of article quality and accepted design standards outlined in the WikiProject U.S. Interstate Highways. ... Interstate 80 (abbreviated I-80) is the second-longest Interstate Highway in the United States. ... Interstate 87 (abbreviated I-87) is a 346 mile (558 km) intrastate interstate highway located entirely within the state of New York. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Interstate 95 Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main highway on the East Coast of the United States,[1] paralleling the Atlantic Ocean from Maine to Florida and serving some of the best-known cities in the country including Boston, New York City, and... Interstate 278 (abbreviated I-278) is an Interstate Highway in the U.S. states of New Jersey and New York. ... For the American political term, see Inside the Beltway and Beltway bandits. ... The Long Island Expressway (LIE) is one of the interstate highways with the designation of Interstate 495. ...

Also designed by Moses are a series of limited-access parkways, which are frequently congested with traffic as well, despite the fact that they were designed from the outset to only carry cars, as opposed to commercial trucks or busses. The FDR Drive and Harlem River Drive are two such routes through Manhattan. The Bronx River Parkway and Hutchinson River Parkway link the Bronx to nearby Westchester County and its parkways, and the Grand Central Parkway and Belt Parkway provide similar functions for Long Island's parkway system. Harden Parkway in Salinas, CA. For other uses, see Parkway (disambiguation). ... FDR Drive is a major freeway-standard parkway on the east side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. ... The Harlem River Drive is a major freeway-standard parkway on the east side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. ... The Bronx River Parkway was one of the earliest limited access automobile highways. ... The Hutchinson River Parkway, colloquially called The Hutch by many Westchester and Bronx residents, is a parkway that runs through Westchester County, New York and the Bronx in New York City. ... The Grand Central Parkway is a parkway that stretches from the Triborough Bridge in New York City to Nassau County in Long Island. ... The Belt Parkway, or Belt System or Circumferential Parkway is a series of New York City limited-access highways that form a complete circle around the Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. ...

Taxis

Main article: Taxicabs of the United States#Taxicabs of New York City

New York City yellow taxicab.

There are 13,087 taxis operating in New York City, not including over 40,000 other for-hire vehicles.^[27] Their distinctive yellow paint has made them New York icons. New York taxicab Throughout the United States there is a mature system of taxicabs. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1002, 260 KB) Photo of New York City cab. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1002, 260 KB) Photo of New York City cab. ...

Taxicabs are operated by private companies and licensed by the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. "Medallion taxis", the familiar yellow cabs, are the only vehicles in the city permitted to pick up passengers in response to a street hail. A cab’s availability is indicated by the lights on the top of the car. When just the center light showing the medallion number is lit, the cab is empty and available. When no lights are lit, the cab is occupied by passengers.

Fares begin at $2.50 ($3.00 after 8pm, and $3.50 during the peak weekday hours of 4-8pm) and increase based on the distance traveled and time spent in slow traffic. The passenger also must pay the fare whenever a cab is driven through a toll.^[28] The average cab fare in 2000 was $6; over $1 billion in fares were paid that year in total.^[29]

241 million passengers rode in New York taxis in 1999. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, of the 42,000 cabbies in New York, 82% are foreign born: 23% from the Caribbean (the Dominican Republic and Haiti), and 20% from South Asia (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh).

In 2005, New York introduced incentives to replace its current yellow cabs with electric hybrid vehicles ^[30] then in May 2007, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, proposed a five-year plan to switch New York City's taxicabs to more fuel-efficient hybrid vehicles as part of an agenda for New York City to reduce greenhouse gas emission.^[31] May 2007 is the fifth month of that year. ... Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born 14 February 1942) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and the founder of Bloomberg L.P., currently serving as the Mayor of New York City. ... See: Hybrid Vehicle ... Top: Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels as measured in the atmosphere and ice cores. ...

Pedestrians and Bicycles

A cycle rickshaw at rest in Manhattan.

Utility cycling is a growing mode of transport in New York City. An estimated 120,000 city residents travel to work by bicycle and make 400,000 trips each day, equivalent to the number of the ten most popular bus routes in the city.^[32] The City Department of Transportation estimates there are an additional two in-line skaters for every cyclist in New York. The city has 420 miles of bike lanes (as of 2005) including the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway and has in recent years expanded protected bike lanes on major thoroughfares and on bridges across the East River. As part of PlaNYC 2030, bike lanes will be added at a rate of about 100 miles per year until 2010, and 1,800 miles should be completed by 2030. More than 500 people annually work as bicycle rickshaw drivers, who in 2005 handled one million passengers.^[33] However, the City Council recently voted to curtail and license pedicab drivers, and will only allow 325 pedicab licenses. The city also annually presents the largest recreational cycling event in the United States, the Five Boro Bike Tour, in which 30,000 cyclists ride 42 miles (65 km) through the city's boroughs. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1721x1932, 727 KB)A cycle rickshaw at rest (New York City, New York, USA). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1721x1932, 727 KB)A cycle rickshaw at rest (New York City, New York, USA). ... Ugandan bicycle taxi or bodaboda Cargo-bicycle and Trike for rent Bremen. ... The Manhattan Waterfront Greenway is a walking and cycle path, 32 miles long, around the island of Manhattan. ... The Five Boro Bike Tour is the largest recreational cycling event in the United States. ...

Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%.^[34] In 2000 New York had the largest number of walking commuters among large American cities in both total number and as a proportion of all commuters: 517,290, or 5.6%.^[35] By way of comparison, the next city with the largest proportion of walking commuters, Boston, had 119,294 commuter pedestrians, amounting to 4.1% of that city's commuters.^[35] Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ...

Semi-formal

Passengers at the ticket window of a Chinatown bus company.

New York has many forms of semi-formal public transportation, including "dollar vans" and "Chinese vans." Dollar vans serve major corridors in Brooklyn, Queens and the Bronx that lack adequate subway service. In 2006, the New York City Council began debate on greater industry regulation, including requiring all dollar vans to be painted in a specific color to make them easier to recognize, similar to the public light buses in Hong Kong.^[36] The vans pick up and drop off anywhere along a route, and payment is made at the end of a trip. Fung Wah Ticket Booth, Manhattan © 2004 Matthew Trump (User:Decumanus) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Fung Wah Ticket Booth, Manhattan © 2004 Matthew Trump (User:Decumanus) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Passengers waiting at the Fung Wah Lines ticket window on Canal Street and the Bowery in Manhattan Chinatown bus lines, also called 野雞車 (yÄ› jÄ« chÄ“, which translates as wild chicken trucks) in Chinese, refers to the private transportation industry that has arisen in the Chinatown communities of the East Coast... A dollar van (also known as commuter van or jitney) is a privately-owned transportation vehicle used to carry passengers. ... New York City Hall The New York City Council is the lawmaking body of the City of New York. ... A green public minibus awaiting at the station at Tsim Sha Tsui. ...

Similar to dollar vans, Chinese vans serve predominantly Chinese and other East Asian communities in Brooklyn's Chinatown, Manhattan's Chinatown, Elmhurst and Flushing. A Chinese lion helps usher in the 2006 Chinese New Year. ... Queens Boulvard in Elmhurst, Queens NY. Macys and Queens Center Mall can be seen in the background. ... Several landmarks from two New York Worlds Fairs still stand in Flushing Meadows, including the US Steel Unisphere Flushing is a neighborhood within the borough of Queens in New York City, New York. ...

There are also highly competitive Chinatown bus lines operating routes from New York City's Chinatowns to other Chinatowns in the Northeast, with frequent service to major cities like Boston and Philadelphia. These bus companies use full-size coaches and offer fares much lower than traditional carriers like Greyhound. Passengers waiting at the Fung Wah Lines ticket window on Canal Street and the Bowery in Manhattan Chinatown bus lines, also called 野雞車 (yě jī chē, which translates as wild chicken trucks) in Chinese, refers to the private transportation industry that has arisen in the Chinatown communities of the East Coast...

There are numerous other transportation services in the city, including RightRides, a free car service operated by a nonprofit that shuttles women home from bars and parties on Saturday nights from midnight to 3 a.m. in Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn. RightRides uses vehicles donated by Zipcar, a membership-based carsharing company providing hourly or daily car rentals in New York City to its members, who often do not own cars. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Port Infrastructure

Airports

Main article: Aviation in New York City

An Air India 747 arrives at JFK, with El Al Israel and Swiss International jets at Terminal 4. JFK is the largest entry point for international arrivals to the United States.

New York City is the top international air passenger gateway to the United States.^[37] 100 million travelers used the city's airports in 2005; New York is the busiest air gateway in the nation.^[38] An Air India 747 arrives at JFK, with El Al Israel and Swiss International jets at Terminal 4. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Planes_at_JFK2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Planes_at_JFK2. ... Air India (formerly Air-India, Hindi: ) is the national flag carrier of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services. ... John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA Airport Code: JFK, ICAO Airport Code: KJFK) is the main international airport in New York City, and is one of the largest airports in the world. ... Categories: Airline stubs | Companies of Israel | Transportation in Israel | Airlines of Israel ... Swiss International Air Lines (short: Swiss) is the principal airline of Switzerland operating scheduled services in Europe and to North America, South America, Africa and Asia. ...

The city is served by three major airports: John F. Kennedy International (also known as JFK), Newark Liberty International, and LaGuardia. Teterboro serves as a primary general aviation airport. JFK and Newark both connect to regional rail systems by a light rail service.^[39] John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA Airport Code: JFK, ICAO Airport Code: KJFK) is the main international airport in New York City, and is one of the largest airports in the world. ... For the massive interchange outside of Newark Liberty International Airport, see Newark Airport Interchange. ... FAA diagram of LaGuardia Airport Fiorello La Guardia Airport is located in Flushing, a neighborhood within the New York City borough of Queens, New York near the Flushing Bay. ... FAA diagram of Teterboro Airport (TEB) Main article: Transportation in New York City Teterboro Airport (IATA: TEB, ICAO: KTEB) is a general aviation reliever airport located in the Boroughs of Teterboro, Moonachie, and Hasbrouck Heights in Bergen County, New Jersey[1]. It is operated by the Port Authority of New...

JFK and Newark serve long-haul domestic and international flights. The two airports' outbound international travel accounted for about a quarter of all U.S. travelers who went overseas in 2004.^[40] LaGuardia caters to short-haul and domestic destinations.

JFK is the major entry point for international arrivals in the United States and is the largest international air freight gateway in the nation by value of shipments.^[41] About 100 airlines from more than 50 countries operate direct flights to JFK. The JFK-London Heathrow route is the leading U.S. international airport pair.^[42] The airport is located along Jamaica Bay near Howard Beach, Queens, about 12 miles east of downtown Manhattan. “Heathrow” redirects here. ... Howard Beach is a neighborhood in the southwestern portion of the borough of Queens in New York City. ...

Newark was the first major airport serving New York City and is the fifth busiest international air gateway to the United States.^[37] Amelia Earhart dedicated the Newark Airport Administration Building in 1935, which was North America's first commercial airline terminal. In 2003, Newark became the terminus of the world's longest non-stop scheduled airline route, Continental's service to Hong Kong. In 2004, Singapore Airlines broke Continental's record by starting direct 18-hour flights to Singapore. The airport is located in Newark, New Jersey, about 12 miles west of downtown Manhattan. Amelia Mary Earhart (24 July 1897 – missing 2 July 1937, declared deceased 5 January 1939) was a noted American aviation pioneer and womens rights advocate. ... Nickname: Map of Newark in Essex County County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Government  - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010 Area [1]  - City 67. ...

LaGuardia, the smallest of New York's primary airports, handles domestic flights. It is named for Fiorello H. LaGuardia, the city's great Depression-era mayor known as a reformist and strong supporter of the New Deal. A perimeter rule prohibits incoming and outgoing flights that exceed 1,500 miles (2,400 km) except on Saturdays, when the ban is lifted, and to Denver, which has a grandfathered exemption. As a result, most transcontinental and international flights use JFK and Newark.^[43] The airport is located in northern Queens about 6 miles from downtown Manhattan. LaGuardia redirects here. ... The New Deal was the title President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to the series of programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of providing relief, recovery, and reform (3 Rs) to the people and economy of the United States during the Great Depression. ...

Manhattan has three public heliports, used mostly by business travelers. A regularly-scheduled helicopter service operates flights to JFK Airport from the Downtown Manhattan Heliport, located at the eastern end of Wall Street. View of the Downtown Manhattan Heliport The Downtown Manhattan Heliport is a helicopter landing platform in the East River in Manhattan, New York. ...

See also: Transportation to New York City area airports

New York City airports; 1: JFK, 2:LGA, 3:EWR New York City is served by three major airports. ...

Seaports

The Queen Mary 2, the world's second largest passenger ship and the world's largest Ocean liner, steams out of New York on a transatlantic voyage.

The New York Harbor, with its natural advantages of deep water channels and protection from the Atlantic Ocean, has historically been one of the most important ports in the United States, and is now the third busiest in the United States, if New Jersey is included, behind Los Angeles and Long Beach, California in the amount of volume. Each year, more than 25 million tons of oceanborne general cargo moves through New York, including 4.5 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) of containerized cargo. In 2005 more than 5,300 ships delivered goods to the port that went to 35% of the U.S. population.^[44] The port is experiencing rapid growth. Shipments increased nearly 12% in 2005. There are three cargo terminals and a passenger terminal on the New York City side of the harbor, including the Howland Hook Marine Terminal, Red Hook Container Terminal, Brooklyn Marine Terminal, and New York Cruise Terminal; three additional cargo terminals are on the New Jersey side. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1701x879, 260 KB) Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1701x879, 260 KB) Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... I name the ship Queen Mary 2 --Queen Elizabeth II The Queen Mary 2 is a Cunard Line passenger ship named after the earlier Cunard liner Queen Mary, which was in turn named after Mary of Teck. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... New York Harbor, a geographic term, refers collectively to the rivers, bays, and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City. ...

The Port of New York is also a major hub for passenger ships. More than half a million people depart annually from Manhattan's cruise ship terminal on the Hudson River, accounting for five percent of the worldwide cruise industry and employing 21,000 residents in the city. The Queen Mary 2, the world's second largest passenger ship and one of the few traditional ocean liners still in service, was designed specifically to fit under the Verrazano Bridge, itself the longest suspension bridge in the United States. The Queen Mary 2 makes regular ports of call on her transatlantic runs from Southampton, England. The city is building a new cruise ship terminal in Red Hook, Brooklyn. I name the ship Queen Mary 2 --Queen Elizabeth II The Queen Mary 2 is a Cunard Line passenger ship named after the earlier Cunard liner Queen Mary, which was in turn named after Mary of Teck. ... The Verrazano Narrows Bridge (properly written as the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge) is a suspension bridge that connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New York City at the Narrows, the reach connecting the relatively protected upper bay with the larger lower bay. ... This page discusses the English city of Southampton. ... A Holland-Style Factory Building in Red Hook Red Hook circa 1875 Red Hook is a neighborhood of the Borough of Brooklyn, New York, USA. Before annexation into Brooklyn, Red Hook was a separate village. ...

Originally focused on Brooklyn's waterfront, especially at the Brooklyn Army Terminal in Sunset Park, most container ship cargo operations have shifted to the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal on the other side of the bay. The terminal, operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, is the largest port complex on the East Coast. $114.54 billion of cargo passed through the Port of New York and New Jersey in 2004. The top five trading partners at the port are China, Italy, Germany, Brazil and India. Brooklyn Army Terminal consists of large complex of piers, docks, warehouses, cranes, railroad sidings and cargo loading equipment. ... Sunset Park is a neighborhood in the southern Brooklyn section of Brooklyn, New York, USA. The neighborhood is located south of Park Slope and Windsor Terrace, separated by Green-Wood Cemetery and the Prospect Expressway/NY-27, while 65th Street and the Gowanus Expressway/I-278 mark the end of... Container ship in Istanbul Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size containers, in a technique called containerization. ... Container port facilities at Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. ... Tolls collected at the Holland Tunnel and other crossings help fund the Port Authority. ...

Water quality in the New York Harbor has improved dramatically since passage of the Clean Water Act and extensive harbor cleanup projects. A common misconception is that the Upper Bay is devoid of marine life. It actually supports a diverse population of marine species, including striped bass. New Yorkers regularly kayak and sail in the harbor, which has become a major recreational site for the city. Water quality problems persist in Long Island Sound, however. The Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. Â§ 1251, et seq. ... New York City waterways: 1. ...

Future and Proposed Projects

Several proposals for expanding the New York City transit system are in various stages of discussion, planning, or initial funding. Some of them would compete with others for available funding.

• In January 2007, the Port Authority approved plans for the $78.5 million purchase of a lease of Stewart Airport in Newburgh, New York as a 4th major airport for the area.^[45]
• PATH World Trade Center station, whose construction began in late 2005, will replace the temporary PATH terminal that replaced the one destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks. This new central terminal, designed by Santiago Calatrava, will allow easy transfer between the PATH system, several subway lines and proposed new projects. It is expected to serve 250,000 travelers daily.

A rendering of the future PATH station at the World Trade Center site, to be completed in 2009.

• Fulton Street Transit Center, a $750 million project in Lower Manhattan that will improve access to and connections between 12 subway lines, PATH service and the World Trade Center site. Construction began in 2005 and will be finished in 2008.
• Moynihan Station would expand Penn Station into the James Farley Post Office building across the street. As of September 2007, work has not yet begun on this project, which is still in the design phase.
• Second Avenue Subway, a new north-south line, first proposed in 1929, would run from 125th Street in Harlem to Hanover Square in lower Manhattan. The first phase, from 63rd Street to 96th Street, is in pre-construction, and is scheduled to be finished in 2013.
• IRT Flushing Line Extension would extend the 7 service (Flushing line) west along 42nd Street from its current terminus at Times Square, then south along 11th Avenue to the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. This project is approved, and in the pre-construction stage. Completion is scheduled for 2011, at the earliest.
• East Side Access project will route some Long Island Rail Road Trains to Grand Central Terminal instead of Penn Station. Since many, if not most, LIRR commuters work on the east side of Manhattan, many in walking distance of Grand Central, this project will save travel time and reduce congestion at Penn Station and on subway lines connecting it with the east side. It will also greatly expand the hourly capacity of the LIRR system. Completion is scheduled for 2013.
• The Lower Manhattan-Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project would extend an existing Long Island Rail Road line from Jamaica Station, with a new 3-mile tunnel under the East River from downtown Brooklyn to Manhattan. AirTrain JFK-compatible cars would run along the new route, connecting John F. Kennedy International Airport and Jamaica with Lower Manhattan. This project is still just a proposal, although it has the support of Mayor Michael Bloomber.
• Trans-Hudson Express Tunnel would add a second pair of railroad tracks under the Hudson River, connecting an expanded Penn Station to NJ Transit lines. This project has been approved, and is slated to begin construction in 2009, with completion in 2016 at the earliest.
• Although New York City does not have light rail, a few proposals exist:
  • There are plans to convert 42nd Street into a light rail transit mall which would be closed to all vehicles except emergency vehicles [4]. The idea was previously planned in the early 1990s, and was approved by the City Council in 1994, but stalled due to lack of funds.
  • Staten Island light rail proposals have found political support from Senator Charles Schumer and local political and business leaders.
• JFK Airport is undergoing a US$10.3 billion redevelopment, one of the largest airport reconstruction projects in the world. In recent years, Terminal One, Terminal Four and Terminal Nine have been reconstructed, and work has begun on a new Terminal Five. The remaining five terminals are slated for demolition or reconstruction.^{[citation needed]}
• Santiago Calatrava has also proposed an aerial gondola system linking Manhattan, Governors Island and Brooklyn as part of the city's plans to develop the island.
• As part of a long-term plan to manage New York City's environmental sustainability, Mayor Michael Bloomberg released several proposals to increase mass transit usage and improve overall transportation infrastructure.^[46] Apart from support of the above capital projects, these proposals include the implementation of bus rapid transit, the reopening of closed LIRR and Metro-North stations, new ferry routes, better access for cyclists, pedestrians and intermodal transfers, and a congestion pricing zone for Manhattan south of 86th Street.

Stewart International Airport (IATA: SWF, ICAO: KSWF) is located near Newburgh, New York, in the southern Hudson Valley, 55 miles (88. ... Hoboken- and Newark-bound platform at Exchange Place station in Jersey City. ... Late-night and weekend service: The World Trade Center PATH station, originally opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... Santiago Calatrava Valls (born July 28, 1951) is an internationally recognized and award-winning Spanish architect and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zurich, Switzerland. ... Image File history File links PATH_WTC_Station. ... Image File history File links PATH_WTC_Station. ... The Fulton Street Transit Center is a $750 million project in New York City that will improve access to and connections between 12 subway lines, PATH service and the World Trade Center station in Lower Manhattan. ... Penn Stations underground Long Island Rail Road concourse Pennsylvania Station is one of New York Citys main railway stations, sharing the Pennsylvania Station name with several stations in other cities. ... Pennsylvania Station (commonly known as Penn Station) is the major intercity rail station and a major commuter rail hub in New York City. ... The James A. Farley Post Office, New York Citys General Post Office, is located at 421 Eighth Avenue, between 31st Street and 33rd Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the street from Pennsylvania Station and Madison Square Garden. ... The Second Avenue Subway (SAS), refers to a series of public works projects and engineering studies undertaken to construct a subway line underneath Second Avenue in the borough of Manhattan as part of the New York City Subway system. ... The 7 Subway Extension — Hudson Yards Rezoning and Development Program refers to the New York City MTAs plans to extend the IRT Flushing Line, which carries the 7 service, westward from its current terminus at Times Square, adding two new stations at 10th Avenue–43rd Street and 11th Avenue... Main Street to Times Square An R36 7 local northbound at 33rd Street–Rawson Street. ... Times Square. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... East Side Access is public works project being undertaken by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) in New York City, designed to bring the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) into a new East Side station to be built along side and incorporated into Grand Central Terminal in New York City. ... The Lower Manhattan-Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project is a proposed public-works project in New York City that would use the Long Island Railroad Atlantic Avenue Line and a new tunnel under the East River to connect a new train station at the World Trade Center Transportation Hub site with... Jamaica Station (often referred to simply as Jamaica) is a major hub of the Long Island Rail Road, in Jamaica, Queens, in New York City. ... AirTrain JFK is a 13 km (8. ... John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK), originally known as Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) and colloquially known as Kennedy or simply JFK, is an international airport located in Jamaica, Queens, in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 km... Woolworth Building, looking south along Broadway Lower Manhattan, from the Brooklyn Bridge, 2005 Rigid airship the USS Akron over Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... The Trans-Hudson Express Tunnel (THE Tunnel) is a proposed underwater tunnel that would be built under the Hudson River, connecting New Jersey and New York. ... The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami, Muhheakantuck, is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and... New Jersey Transit Arrow III at West Windsor, NJ Hudson-Bergen Light Rail vehicle at 2nd Street station New Jersey Transit (NJ Transit) is a statewide public transportation system serving the U.S. state of New Jersey. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ... Main article: Transportation in New York City 42nd Street, NYC 42nd Street is a major crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, known for its theaters, especially near the intersection with Broadway at Times Square. ... Staten Island light rail proposals refer to any number of projects in the New York City borough of Staten Island. ... John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA Airport Code: JFK, ICAO Airport Code: KJFK) is the main international airport in New York City, and is one of the largest airports in the world. ... Santiago Calatrava Valls (born July 28, 1951) is an internationally recognized and award-winning Spanish architect and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zurich, Switzerland. ... Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ... Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born 14 February 1942) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and the founder of Bloomberg L.P., currently serving as the Mayor of New York City. ... Busways redirects here. ... New York congestion pricing is a proposed traffic congestion fee for vehicles traveling into or within the Manhattan central business district of New York City. ... 86th Street is a major two-way street in the Upper East Side and Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York. ...

See also

• Mass transit in New York City
• History of the New York City Subway
• New York City Department of Transportation
• List of streetcar lines in Queens

Inside New Yorks Grand Central Terminal, one of the two busiest rail stations in the United States. ... The New York City Subway has had a long history, beginning as many disjointed systems and eventually merging under City control. ... The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT or DOT) is responsible for the management of much of New York Citys transportation infrastructure. ... The following streetcar lines once operated in Queens, New York City, New York, United States. ...

Further reading

• Taxi!: Cabs and Capitalism in New York City, Biju Mathew 2005
• New York Underground, Julia Solis 2004
• The Works: Anatomy of a City, Kate Ascher 2005
• Underground Harmonies: Music and Politics in the Subways of New York , Susie J. Tanenbaum 1995

References

• http://mta.info/nyct/maps/submap.htm

New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Official language(s) English Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport Largest metro area Hartford Area  Ranked 48th  - Total 5,543[2] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... Bangkok Skytrain. ... “Mass Transit” redirects here. ... A Connex commuter train stands by the platform in Melbourne, Australia Regional rail systems, or commuter rail systems, usually provide a rail service through a central business district area into suburbs or other locations that draw large numbers of people on a daily basis. ... For specific countries see Taxicabs around the world. ... Metropolitan Transportation Authority is the name of a governmental or quasi-governmental body in each of several areas: Metropolitan Transit Authority of Boston Massachusetts, now the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority — Boston, Massachusetts Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority — Los Angeles County, California Metropolitan Transportation Authority — New York... Tolls collected at the Holland Tunnel and other crossings help fund the Port Authority. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A typical rural stretch of Interstate highway, with two lanes in each direction separated by a large grassy median, and with cross-traffic limited to overpasses and underpasses. ... The Long Island Rail Road or LIRR is a railroad that serves the length of Long Island, New York. ... Hoboken- and Newark-bound platform at Exchange Place station in Jersey City. ... Metro-North (officially MTA Metro-North Railroad) is a suburban commuter railroad running service from New York City to the northern suburbs in New York State and Connecticut. ... The New Jersey Transit Corporation (NJ Transit) is a statewide public transportation system serving the state of New Jersey, and Orange and Rockland counties in New York. ... NY Waterway is a private ferry system that provides commuter service and tourist excursions in New York Harbor, with service between several points in Manhattan and New Jersey, including Hoboken Terminal. ... A New York Water Taxi docks at Pier 11 near Wall Street. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the State of New York. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Times Square–42nd Street station entrance The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority as MTA New York City Transit. ... Hoboken- and Newark-bound platform at Exchange Place station in Jersey City. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... AirTrain JFK is a 13 km (8. ... AirTrain tracks AirTrain Monorail entering Newark Airport Rail Station, August 2004. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Regional Plan Association

v • d • e New York City
History · Neighborhoods · Architecture · Tourism · Culture · Music · Sports · Media · Economy · Education · Government · Geography · Demographics · Transportation · New York City Lists · New York City Portal · New York State
The Five Boroughs:  The Bronx · Brooklyn · Manhattan · Queens · Staten Island