Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA), also referred to as Transposition of the Great Vessels (TGV), is a cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD), in which the primary arteries of the heart (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed. A cyanotic heart defect is a congenital heart defect. ... A congenital disorder is a medical condition or defect that is present at or before birth (for example, congenital heart disease). ... A congenital heart defect is a defect in the structure of the heart and great blood vessels of the newborn. ... Section of an artery An artery or arterial is also a class of highway. ... The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The heart (Latin cor) is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. ... The largest artery in the human body, the aorta originates from the left ventricle of the heart and brings oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. ... The pulmonary arteries carry blood from the heart to the lungs. ...

Description

In a normal heart, oxygen-depleted ("blue") blood is pumped from the right side of the heart through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("red") blood is then pumped by the left side of the heart through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart muscle itself. The heart with relation to the lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) This x-ray of the human chest shows the lungs as dark regions The lung is an organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 2, p Density, Hardness 1. ...

With transposed arteries, blue blood from the right heart is pumped immediately through the aorta and circulated to the body and the heart itself, bypassing the lungs altogether, while the left heart pumps red blood continuously back into the lungs through the pulmonary artery. In effect, two separate "circular" circulatory systems are created, rather than the "figure 8" circulation of a normal cardio-pulmonary system. A logical fallacy is an error in logical argument which is independent of the truth of the premises. ... In mathematics, a lemniscate is a type of curve described by a Cartesian equation of the form: Graphing this equation produces a curve similar to . ... Cardio, exercise intended to be for cardiovascular training rather than weight loss, or so on, is a method of training (or type of equipment) in fitness. ... The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The lung is an organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates. ...

Variations and Similar Defects

Simple and Complex TGA

TGA is often accompanied by other heart defects, the most common type being intracardiac shunts such as atrial septal defect (ASD) including patent foramen ovale (PFO), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In medicine, a shunt is a device designed to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and carry it to other parts of the body. ... An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a group of congenital heart diseases that involve the inter-atrial septum of the heart. ... An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a group of congenital heart diseases that involve the inter-atrial septum of the heart. ... A ventricular septal defect (or VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum (the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart). ... Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect wherein a childs ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. ...

When no other heart defects are present it is called 'simple' TGA; when other defects are present it is called 'complex' TGA.

Congenitally Corrected TGA

In some cases TGA is congenitally corrected by an additional anomaly. In common TGA the arteries are transposed, thereby disrupting normal "figure 8" circulation. In Congenitally Corrected TGA the ventricles are transposed as well. The result is that "figure 8" circulation is restored, but the functionality of the ventricles is reversed. In the normal heart the left ventricle is the Systemic ventricle, i.e. responsible for feeding the aorta. In CC-TGA the right ventricle feeds the aorta. Some of the most common complications of CC-TGA are due to this increased load on the right ventricle. This might cause dilation of the right ventricle, which in turn might lead to breathlessness and fatigue. The prognosis for patients with CC-TGA is quite good - some of them are diagnosed only in later stages of life. Section of an artery An artery or arterial is also a class of highway. ... In mathematics, a lemniscate is a type of curve described by a Cartesian equation of the form: Graphing this equation produces a curve similar to . ... In anatomy, a ventricle is a part of the body filled with fluid. ... In mathematics, a lemniscate is a type of curve described by a Cartesian equation of the form: Graphing this equation produces a curve similar to . ... In anatomy, a ventricle is a part of the body filled with fluid. ... The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The heart (Latin cor) is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. ... In anatomy, a ventricle is a part of the body filled with fluid. ... The largest artery in the human body, the aorta originates from the left ventricle of the heart and brings oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. ... In anatomy, a ventricle is a part of the body filled with fluid. ... The largest artery in the human body, the aorta originates from the left ventricle of the heart and brings oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. ... In anatomy, a ventricle is a part of the body filled with fluid. ... In anatomy, a ventricle is a part of the body filled with fluid. ... Prognosis (older Greek πρόγνωσις, modern Greek πρόγνωση - literally fore-knowing, foreseeing) is a medical term denoting the doctors prediction of how a patients disease will progress, and whether there is chance of recovery. ...

Similar Defects

There are a number of other CHD's in which the position and/or form of the arteries are affected:

• Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) - the aorta is dextroposed, the pulmonary artery is normal.
• Left Heart Hypoplasia or Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) - hypoplasia of the left heart including Coarctation of the Aorta.

X-ray findings

While the x-ray may be normal at birth, the cardiac sillouette gradually enlarges into a characteristic globular or egg-on-its-side appearance. In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz...