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Encyclopedia > Trawling
fishing
trawling
pair trawling
bottom trawling
midwater trawling

trawler
naval trawler
recreational trawler

techniques
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Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively pulling a large fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. The net that is used for trawling is called a trawl. For the computer security term, see Phishing. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 95 KB)Taken by me around the year 2000 in Reykjavík harbour. ... // Trawling Double-rigged shrimp trawler hauling in the nets Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. ... The Celtic Explorer, a research vessel engaged in bottom trawling Bottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. ... A Game fish is a fish that is pursued for sport, regardless of whether the fisherman ultimately eats the fish. ... Salmon for sale at a marketplace The Fishing industry is the commercial activity of fishing and producing fish and other seafood products. ... For the computer security term, see Phishing. ... Fishing with a cast net. ...


The boats that are used for trawling are called trawlers. Trawlers vary in size; from small open boats with only 30 hp to large factory trawlers with over 10,000 hp. Trawling can be carried out by one trawler or by two trawlers fishing cooperatively (pair trawling). This article is about a unit of measurement. ... // Trawling Double-rigged shrimp trawler hauling in the nets Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. ...


Trawling can be contrasted with trolling, where baited fishing lines are drawn through the water instead of trawls. Trolling is used both for recreational and commercial fishing whereas trawling is used mainly for commercial fishing. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Fishing line is any cord made for fishing. ... Fishing from a Pier Fishing is both the recreation and sport of catching fish (for food or as a trophy), and the commercial fishing industry of catching or harvesting seafood (either fish or other aquatic life-forms, such as shellfish). ... Fishing industry is the commercial activity of fishing and producing fish and other seafood products. ...

Contents

Bottom versus midwater trawling

Trawling can be divided into bottom trawling and midwater trawling, depending on how high the trawl (net) is in the water column. Bottom trawling is towing the trawl along or close to the sea floor. Midwater trawling is towing the trawl through free water away from the bottom of the ocean. The Celtic Explorer, a research vessel engaged in bottom trawling Bottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. ... A water column is a conceptual column of water from surface to bottom sediments. ...


The scientific community divides bottom trawling into benthic trawling and demersal trawling. Benthic trawling is dragging the trawl along the very bottom of the ocean and demersal trawling is towing the trawl just above the benthic zone. This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the coast or the sea floor. ...


Midwater trawling is also known as pelagic trawling. Midwater trawling catches pelagic fish such as anchovies, shrimp, tuna and mackerel, whereas bottom trawling targets both bottom living fish (groundfish) and semi-pelagic fish such as cod, squid, halibut and rockfish. Scale diagram of the layers of the pelagic zone. ... The anchovies are a family (Engraulidae) of small but common fish. ... Superfamilies Alpheoidea Atyoidea Bresilioidea Campylonotoidea Crangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Nematocarcinoidea Oplophoroidea Palaemonoidea Pandaloidea Pasiphaeoidea Procaridoidea Processoidea Psalidopodoidea Stylodactyloidea True shrimp are swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ... For other uses, see Tuna (disambiguation). ... Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of fish, mostly, but not exclusively, from the family Scombridae. ... Groundfish are fish that live on, in, or near the bottom of the body of water they inhabit. ... COD may refer to many different topics, including: Cash on delivery Completion of discharge, shipping College of DuPage, a public Junior College with campuses in the suburbs of Chicago Call of Duty (series), a series of computer games Canadian Oxford Dictionary Carrier onboard delivery Catastrophic optical damage, a failure mode... For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... This article is about the flatfish species; for the United States Navy ships named Halibut see USS Halibut. ... Rockfish may refer to one of the following fishes: Striped bass, a member of the Moronidae family (temperate basses). ...


Bottom trawling can leave serious incidental damage to the sea bottom in its trail; by contrast midwater trawling is relatively benign.


Net structure

Trawling
Trawling

When two boats are used (pair trawling), the horizontal spread of the net is provided by the boats, with one or in the case of Pelagic trawling two warp's attached to each boat. However, single-boat trawling is more common. Here, the horizontal spread of the net is provided by trawl doors (also known as "otter boards"). Trawl doors are available in various sizes and shapes and may be specialized to keep in contact with the sea bottom (bottom trawling) or to remain elevated in the water. In all cases, doors essentially act as wings, using a hydrodynamic shape to provide horizontal spread. As with all wings, the towing vessel must go at a certain speed for the doors to remain standing and functional. This speed varies, but is generally in the range of 2.5-4.0 knots. Image File history File links Trawling_Drawing. ... Image File history File links Trawling_Drawing. ... // Trawling Double-rigged shrimp trawler hauling in the nets Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. ... In marine geology and biology, benthos are the organisms and habitats of the sea floor; in freshwater biology they are the organisms and habitats of the bottoms of lakes, rivers, and creeks. ... The Celtic Explorer, a research vessel engaged in bottom trawling Bottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. ... A knot is a unit of speed abbreviated kt or kn. ...


The vertical opening of a trawl net is created using flotation on the upper edge ("floatline") and weight on the lower edge ("footrope") of the net mouth. The configuration of the footrope varies based on the expected bottom shape. The more uneven the bottom, the more robust the footrope configuration must be to prevent net damage. This is used to catch shrimp, shell fish, cod, scallops and many others. Trawls are tunnel shaped nets that have a closed off tail where the fish are collected and is open on the top end as the mouth.


Trawl nets can also be modified, such as changing mesh size, to help with marine research of ocean bottoms.[1]


Environmental effects

Nets for trawling in surface waters and for trawling in deep water and over the bottom. Note the "tangles" with ensnared marine life
Nets for trawling in surface waters and for trawling in deep water and over the bottom. Note the "tangles" with ensnared marine life
Double-rigged shrimp trawler hauling in the nets

Although trawling today is heavily regulated in some nations, it remains the target of many protests by environmentalists. Environmental concerns related to trawling refer to two areas: a perceived lack of selectivity and the physical damage which the trawl does to the seabed. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1800x2632, 2148 KB)Nets for trawling in surface waters and for trawling in deep water and over the bottom. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1800x2632, 2148 KB)Nets for trawling in surface waters and for trawling in deep water and over the bottom. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1736x1172, 1124 KB)Trawer Hauling Nets http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1736x1172, 1124 KB)Trawer Hauling Nets http://www. ... Bold textHello ...


Selectivity

Reports of the lack of selectivity of trawling have been present since it started (about the 1600s) and it became used more widely (about 1900). Trawl nets may be non-selective, sweeping up both marketable and undesirable fish and fish of both legal and illegal size. Any part of the catch which cannot be used is considered as by-catch some of which is killed accidentally by the trawling process. In fisheries science, by-catch refers to species caught in a fishery intended to target another species, as well as reproductively-immature juveniles of the target species. ...


Size selectivity is controlled by the mesh size of the "cod-end" - the part of the trawl where fish are retained. Fishermen complain that a mesh size which allows undersized fish to escape also allows a proportion of legal-landing sized fish to escape as well. There are a number of "fixes", such as tying a rope around the "cod-end" to prevent the mesh from opening fully, which have been developed to work around technical regulation of size selectivity. One problem is when the mesh gets pulled into narrow diamond shapes (rhombuses) instead of squares. For other uses of the word rhombus, see Rhombus (disambiguation) This shape is a rhombus In geometry, a rhombus (also known as a rhomb/Rho. ...


The capture of undesirable species is a recognized problem with all fishing methods and unites environmentalists, who do not want to see fish killed needlessly, and fishermen, who do not want to waste their time sorting marketed fish from their catch. A number of methods to minimize this have been developed for use in trawling. Bycatch reduction grids or square mesh panels of net can be fitted to parts of the trawl, allowing certain species to escape while retaining others. Trawling for shrimps has specifically been cited as having high levels of bycatch in various parts of the world. Superfamilies Alpheoidea Atyoidea Bresilioidea Campylonotoidea Crangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Nematocarcinoidea Oplophoroidea Palaemonoidea Pandaloidea Pasiphaeoidea Procaridoidea Processoidea Psalidopodoidea Stylodactyloidea True shrimp are swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ...


Ecological damage

Trawl net with fish
Trawl net with fish

Trawling is an environmentally disputed fishing technique. Bottom trawling can cause significant damage to the seafloor; coral shattering, boulders being dragged along the seafloor causing damage to habitats and removal of seaweed can all be unintentional side-effects of trawling. Because bottom trawling involves towing heavy fishing gear over the seabed it can cause large scale destruction on the ocean bottom. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1208x1788, 1370 KB)Fish on Trawler http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1208x1788, 1370 KB)Fish on Trawler http://www. ... The Celtic Explorer, a research vessel engaged in bottom trawling Bottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. ... Habitat (which is Latin for it inhabits) is the place where a particular species live and grow. ...


The primary sources of impact are the doors, which can weigh several tonnes and create furrows if dragged along the bottom, and the footrope configuration, which usually remains in contact with the bottom across the entire lower edge of the net. Depending on the configuration, the footrope may turn over large rocks or boulders, disturb or damage sessile organisms or rework and re-suspend bottom sediments. Published research has shown that benthic trawling destroys the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa, an important habitat for many deep-sea organisms. A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ... Binomial name Lopehelia pertusa L., 1758 Synonyms Lophelia pertusa (L., 1758) is a species of cold-water coral which grows in the deep waters throughout the North Atlantic ocean. ...


The primary focus of dispute over the impact of trawl gear is on the magnitude and duration of these impacts. Opponents of trawl gear argue that the impact of trawl nets is widespread, intense and long-lasting. Defenders of trawl gear maintain that impact is mostly limited and of low intensity compared to natural events. However, it should be noted that most areas with significant natural sea bottom disturbance events are in relatively shallow water. In mid to deep waters, bottoms trawlers are the only significant area wide events and the destruction has been viewed as clear-cutting the bottom. These impacts result in decreases in species diversity and ecological changes towards more opportunistic organisms.


Bottom trawling on soft bottoms also stirs up bottom sediments and puts a huge load of suspended solids into the water column. The magnitude of the problem can be visualized by noting that one bottom trawler put more than 10 times the amount of suspended solids pollution per hour into the water column than all the suspended solids pollution from all the sewerage, industrial, river and dredge disposal operations in Southern California combined.[1] These turbidity plumes can be seen on Google Earth in areas where they have some high resolution offshore photos (see Bottom trawling for an example). When the turbidity plumes from bottom trawlers are below a thermocline, you may not have a surface impact but can still create less visible impacts such as persistent organic pollutant transfer into the pelagic food chain. The Celtic Explorer, a research vessel engaged in bottom trawling Bottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. ... Suspended solids refers to small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to the motion of the water. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Celtic Explorer, a research vessel engaged in bottom trawling Bottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. ... The thermocline is a layer within a body of water where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. ... Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. ...


Midwater (pelagic) trawling is a much "cleaner" method of fishing, in that the catch usually consists of just one species and does not physically damage the sea bottom.


Bycatch of non-target species, including dolphins, sea turtles, sharks, and others is a particular problem with most trawling. In fisheries science, by-catch refers to species caught in a fishery intended to target another species, as well as reproductively_immature juveniles of the target species. ...


Other uses of the word "trawl"

The noun "trawl" has many possibly confusing meanings in commercial fisheries. For example, two or more lobster pots that are fished together may be referred to as a trawl. In some older usages "trawling" meant "long-line fishing"; that usage occurs in Rudyard Kipling's book Captains Courageous. (This use is perhaps confused with trolling, where a baited line is trailed behind a boat) Long-line fishing is a commercial fishing technique that uses hundreds or even thousands of baited hooks hanging from a single line. ... This article is about the British author. ... Captains Courageous is an 1897 novel, by Rudyard Kipling, that follows the adventures of fifteen year old Harvey Cheyne Jr. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...


The word "trawling" has come to be used in a number of non-fishing contexts, usually meaning indiscriminate collection with the intent of picking out the useful bits. For instance, in law enforcement it may refer to collecting large records of telephone calls hoping to find calls made by suspects. The word "trawling" occurs frequently in general literature and is used to mean searching through literature for information more often than it means catching fish. For the band, see The Police. ... For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ... For the 1987 movie starring Cher, see Suspect (film). ... For other uses, see Literature (disambiguation). ...


Notes

  1. ^ Weaver, Dallas E (2007) Remote Impacts of Bottom Trawling.

References

  • Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN 0-09-189780-7
  • March, E. J. (1953). Sailing Trawlers: The Story of Deep-Sea Fishing with Long Line and Trawl. Percival Marshal and Company. Reprinted by Charles & David, 1970, Newton Abbot, UK. ISBN 071534711X

External links

  • Anthoni, J Floor (2003) FAQs about marine reserves and marine conservation
  • Information on the destructive side effects of trawling
Salmon for sale at a marketplace The Fishing industry is the commercial activity of fishing and producing fish and other seafood products. ... Salmon for sale at a marketplace The Fishing industry is the commercial activity of fishing and producing fish and other seafood products. ... A Long Island fisherman cleans his nets A fisherman is someone who gathers fish, shellfish, or other animals from a body of water. ... The Celtic Explorer, a research vessel engaged in bottom trawling Bottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. ... // Trawling Double-rigged shrimp trawler hauling in the nets Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. ... For other meanings of longline, see longline. ... The desktop where the word processor and the spreadsheets are running. ... Fishing with a cast net. ... Oil painting of gillnetting, The salmon fisher by Eilif Peterssen. ... Drift nets are nets used in oceans. ... A drifter is a type of fishing boat. ... Fishermen catching salmon on the Columbia River using a seine. ... Kochi fishing net Cheena vala (Chinese fishing net), Kochi Raising the net The Chinese fishing nets (Cheena vala) of Kochi (formerly known as Cochin), a city in Kerala, south India are fixed land installations for an unusual form of fishing. ... Small glass float from southern tip of Taiwan Glass floats, glass fishing floats, or Japanese glass fishing floats are popular collectors’ items. ... Ghost nets are fishing nets that have been lost by fishermen. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Fishing. ... Fishing Weir- a piece of early technology used by North American Natives and early settlers to catch fish for trade and to feed their communities. ... A turtle excluder device. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... Food chains, food webs and/or food networks describe the feeding relationships between species to another within an ecosystem. ... Genera Amazonsprattus Anchoa Anchovia Anchoviella Cetengraulis Coilia Encrasicholina Engraulis Jurengraulis Lycengraulis Lycothrissa Papuengraulis Pterengraulis Setipinna Stolephorus Thryssa The anchovies are a family (Engraulidae) of small, common salt-water fish. ... Genera Abramis Aristichthys Barbodes Carassius Cirrhinus Ctenopharyngodon Cyprinus Epalzeorhynchos Henicorhynchus Hypophthalmichthys Labeo Mylopharyngodon and others Carp is a common name for various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fishes originally from Eurasia and southeast Asia. ... This article is about the siluriform catfishes; for the Atlantic catfish, see Seawolf (fish); for other uses, see Catfish (disambiguation). ... COD may refer to many different topics, including: Cash on delivery Completion of discharge, shipping College of DuPage, a public Junior College with campuses in the suburbs of Chicago Call of Duty (series), a series of computer games Canadian Oxford Dictionary Carrier onboard delivery Catastrophic optical damage, a failure mode... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, is a well-known food fish belonging to the family Gadidae. ... For other uses, see Eel (disambiguation). ... Flounder or flukes are flatfish that live in ocean waters ie. ... For other uses, see Haddock (disambiguation). ... This article is about the flatfish species; for the United States Navy ships named Halibut see USS Halibut. ... Species Clupea alba Clupea bentincki Clupea caspiopontica Clupea chrysotaenia Clupea elongata Clupea halec Clupea harengus Clupea inermis Clupea leachii Clupea lineolata Clupea minima Clupea mirabilis Clupea pallasii Clupea sardinacaroli Clupea sulcata Herrings are small, oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic... Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of fish, mostly, but not exclusively, from the family Scombridae. ... Binomial name Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 The Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), also known as dolphin fish or dorado, are a species of surface-dwelling fish found in tropical and subtropical waters. ... Genera Agonostomus Aldrichetta Cestraeus Cahaenomugil Chelon Crenimugil Joturus Liza Moolgarda Mugil Myxus Neomyxus Oedalechilus Rhinomugil Sicamugil Valaomugil Xenomugil The mullets are a family (Mugilidae) of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and in some species in fresh water also. ... Binomial name Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett, 1889 The orange roughy, red roughy, or deep sea perch[2][3] Hoplostethus atlanticus, is a relatively large deep-sea fish belonging to the slimehead family (Trachichthyidae). ... For other uses, see Salmon (disambiguation). ... Sardines in the Pacific An open Sardines can Sardines on a plate grilled Sardines For the hide and seek-like game, see Hide and seek. ... For other uses, see Tuna (disambiguation). ... Whitefish (white fish, demersal fish) is a fisheries term referring to several species of oceanic deep water finfish, particularly cod (Gadus morhua), whiting (Merluccius bilinearis), and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), but also hake (Urophycis), pollock (Pollachius), or others. ... Fish served with vegetables and herbs. ... Seafood Watch is a program designed to raise consumer awareness about the importance of buying seafood from sustainable sources. ... Shark fin soup (or sharks fin soup) is a Cantonese cuisine delicacy commonly served as part of a Chinese feast, usually at special occasions such as weddings and banquets as a symbol of wealth and prestige. ... Species Many, see species section. ... A woman holding a red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) Alaskan king crab fishing is carried out during the winter months in the waters off the coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. ... For other uses, see Crab (disambiguation). ... Clam digging is a common means by which to harvest clams from below the surface of the tidal mud flats where they live. ... A freshwater prawn farm is an aquaculture business designed to raise and produce freshwater prawn or shrimp1 for human consumption. ... Krill fishery is the commercial fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide. ... A traditional Maine lobster boat, used to haul and maintain the lobster traps. ... A lobster trap (British English: lobster pot) is an effective way for fishermen to catch many lobsters at once when lobster fishing. ... Subclasses Pteriomorpha (marine mussels) Palaeoheterodonta (freshwater mussels) Heterodonta (zebra mussels) The common name mussel is used for members of several different families of clams or bivalve molluscs, from both saltwater and freshwater habitats. ... For other uses, see Oyster (disambiguation). ... Genera See text. ... Pandalus borealis is a popular food source. ... Shrimp growout pond on a farm in South Korea. ... For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... Trepanging is the collection or harvesting of sea cucumbers, also called trepang. One who does this activity is called a trepanger. ... A fish aggregating (or aggregation) device (FAD) is a man-made object used to attract ocean going pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi (dolphin fish). ... A fishing light attractor is an underwater light that can be used to attract fish of many species, including baitfish, and larger fish. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... ... Genera Nannopterum Phalacrocorax Leucocarbo The Phalacrocoracidae family of birds is represented by about thirty species of cormorants and shags. ... Cormorant Fishing on the Nagara River Cormorant Fishing on the Nagara River ) has played a vital role in the history of Gifu City, Gifu, Japan. ... Portuguese Water Dogs are a dog breed bred by the Portuguese at least 500 years ago to help with fishing. ... Pearl diver in Japan Pearl hunting or pearl diving refers to a now largely obsolete method of retrieving pearls from oysters and, on rare occasions, other nacre-producing creatures, such as abalone. ... Ice fishing in the Finnish Miljoonapilkki fishing competition. ... Cyanide fishing is an illegal form of fishing common in South East Asia, which usually uses the chemical compound sodium cyanide - a close relation of potassium cyanide. ... Blast fishing or dynamite fishing describes the practice of using dynamite, homemade bombs or other explosives to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection. ... A Flosser is an angler who uses the method of flossing to catch fish mainly from the Salmon species. ... A fishery (plural: fisheries) is an organized effort by humans to catch fish or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing. ... 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Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) are used in commercial fishing to allow environmental and fisheries regulatory organizations to monitor, minimally, the position, time at a position, and course and speed of fishing vessels. ... In fisheries science, by-catch refers to species caught in a fishery intended to target another species, as well as reproductively-immature juveniles of the target species. ... Cetacean bycatch is the technical term for the incidental capture of non-target cetacean species by fisheries. ... Sea areas in international rights Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. ... The Traffic Light colour convention, showing the concept of Harvest Control Rule (HCR), specifying when a rebuilding plan is mandatory in terms of precautionary and limit reference points for spawning biomass and fishing mortality rate. ... 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The Busan Cooperative Fish Market, or BCFM, is the largest fish market in South Korea. ... The Fish Church in Gothenburg Feskekôrka (The Fish Church) is an indoor fish market in Gothenburg, Sweden, which got its name from the buildings resemblance to a Gothic church. ... The Markets Interior The Fulton Fish Market is a fish market in New York, United States. ... Fresh seafood laid out on one of several floating barge vendors. ... Russ & Daughters is a well known fish market opened in 1914. ... The annual Scania Market for herring was a major event in the Hanseatic world around the Baltic Sea, and the cornerstone of the Hanseatic Leagues wealth. ... Sydney Fish Market The Sydney Fish Market is a commercial enterprise in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... Tsukiji as seen from Shiodome End of the fresh tuna auction at Tsukiji. ... Members of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission The Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC) is an interstate compact among the five U.S. states that border the Gulf of Mexico: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. ... The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an independent non-profit organization that aims to promote sustainable fishery practices. ... The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an independent non-profit organization that aims to promote sustainable fishery practices. ... Scottish fishing boats moored in Fraserburgh. ... Aerial view of the museum complex, with the twin masted Reaper seen moored in the harbour to the left. ... The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) is an autonomous intergovernmental body established as a regional treaty organization in 1967 to promote fisheries development in Southeast Asia. ... The Agulhas Bank is known as the best fishing ground in South Africa. ... Location of the Dogger Bank Dogger Bank (from dogge, an old Dutch word for fishing boat) is a large sandbank in a shallow area of the North Sea about 100 km off the coast of the United Kingdom. ... Map showing the Flemish Cap at far right The Flemish Cap is an area of shallow waters in the north Atlantic Ocean centered roughly at 47° north, 45° west or about 350 miles (560 km) east of St. ... Georges Bank is a large elevated area of the sea floor which separates the Gulf of Maine from the Atlantic Ocean and is situated between Cape Cod, Massachusetts and Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia. ... A fishing vessel is any ship used to catch fish on seas, lakes or rivers. ... A fishing fleet is an aggregate of commercial fishing vessels. ... The F/V Andrea Gail was a commercial fishing vessel which was lost at sea during the so-called Perfect Storm of 1991. ... Kolis are a caste or tribe of Western India, of uncertain origin. ... Mogaveeras are the major fishing community in coastal Karnataka, India. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Sheringham from the mound Sheringham is a seaside town (population 7143[1]) in Norfolk, England, west of Cromer. ... Eyemouth Harbour. ... Fishing boats in Gilleleje harbor Gilleleje is the main city of the Græsted-Gilleleje municipality in Denmark. ... The fundamental meaning of un chasse-marée was a wholesale fishmonger, originally on the Channel coast of France and later, on the Atlantic coast as well. ... The Cod Wars (also called the Iceland Cod Wars) were a series of confrontations between the United Kingdom and Iceland over Icelands claims of authority over tracts of ocean off their coastline as being their exclusive fishery zone. ... The Oyster Injustice of 1834-1835 was the result of an unusually poor oyster season in the Chesapeake Bay fishery and President Andrew Jacksons withdrawing of federal funding from the national bank. ... The Escuminac Hurricane (or Escuminac Disaster) is the name given for a rare June hurricane which struck Canadas Gulf of St. ... Crew of the Ariel Gazelle, which survived the storm The Eyemouth Disaster was a severe European windstorm that struck the southern coast of Scotland, specifically Berwickshire, on October 14, 1881. ... The Morecambe Bay cockling disaster occurred on the evening of the 5 February 2004 in North West England, United Kingdom when at least 21 cockle pickers were drowned by the incoming tide off the coast of Lancashire/ Cumbria in Morecambe Bay. ... The Scottish east coast fishery has been in existence for more than a thousand years, spanning the Viking period right up to the present day. ... The Stotfield fishing disaster was the first of several fishing disasters of the 19th century on the east coast of Scotland. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Fishing from a Pier Fishing is both the recreation and sport of catching fish (for food or as a trophy), and the commercial fishing industry of catching or harvesting seafood (either fish or other aquatic life-forms, such as shellfish). ... Salmon for sale at a marketplace The Fishing industry is the commercial activity of fishing and producing fish and other seafood products. ... The crew of the oceanographic research vessel Princesse Alice, of Albert Grimaldi (later Prince Albert I of Monaco) pose while flensing a catch. ... Subsistence fishing in Bangladesh. ...

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Trawling (717 words)
Bottom trawling not only impacts the seafloor but also changes the ambient water quality due to the disturbance of nutrients and sediment settled on the seafloor.
The severity and longevity of trawling impacts depends on factors such as depth, substrate, fishing intensity (i.e., the frequency of trawling), natural disturbance regime, and the life histories of the species being impacted.
Trawling over their habitat causes immense damage to both the habitat and the species assemblages.
Bottom trawling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (3321 words)
Although trawl nets were used by sailing vessels up to the 19th century, it was only with the development of steam power and the diesel engine that bottom trawling became a widely used method of fishing.
The net is held open vertically on an otter trawl by floats and/or kites attached to the "headline" (the rope which runs along the upper mouth of the net), and weighted "bobbins" attached to the "foot rope" (the rope which runs along the lower mouth of the net).
The speed that the trawl is towed at depends on the swimming speed of the species which is being targeted and the exact gear that is being used, but for most demersal species, a speed of around 4 knots (7 km/h) is appropriate.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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