The Treaty of Alliance (also called the Franco-American Alliance) was a pact between France and the Second Continental Congress, representing the United States government, signed in Paris by French and U.S. officials on May 1778. It stated that the two countries agreed to aid each other into the indefinite future in the event of British attack. Further, neither country would make amends with London until the independence of the Thirteen Colonies was recognized. The treaty also stated that neither the Americans nor the French would conclude treaties with other nations unless diplomats from both countries were present during negotiations. It was mutually beneficial for only five years, from the years 1778 to 1783 and was abrogated late in the year 1799 in the aftermath of "the XYZ Affair". Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1388x882, 1814 KB) Collage of American Revolutionary War public domain images. ... Combatants Kingdom of Great Britain Province of Massachusetts Bay Commanders British Army: William Howe Robert Pigot Henry Clinton Royal Navy: Samuel Graves Israel Putnam William Prescott Joseph Warren â€  Seth Pomeroy (Both Warren and Pomeroy declined command) Strength 2,600 1,500 Casualties 226 dead, 828 wounded 140 dead, 271 wounded... An engraving depicting the death of General Montgomery at the Battle of Quebec. ... Combatants United States Britain Commanders Richard Montgomery † Benedict Arnold James Livingston (American Revolution) Guy Carleton Strength 1,200 Continentals 1,200 British Regulars and Militia Casualties 60 dead or wounded, 426 captured 6 dead, 19 wounded Canadian theater, 1775–1776 Ticonderoga – Crown Point – Longue-Pointe – Fort St. ... Combatants United States Great Britain Commanders Daniel Morgan Banastre Tarleton Strength 1,000 1,100 Casualties 12 killed 61 wounded 110 killed 229 wounded 525 captured The Battle of Cowpens was fought on January 17, 1781, during the American Revolutionary War and was an overwhelming victory by American revolutionary forces... Combatants Britain Spain Commanders George Rodney Juan de Lángara Strength 18 ships of the line 9 ships of the line 2 frigates Casualties 32 dead 102 wounded 1 ship destroyed 4 ships captured The naval Battle of Cape St Vincent, or Battle of Cape Santa Maria, took place on... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Map of Central America and the Caribbean Caribbean Sea from space (top left). ... Painting by Benjamin West depicting (from left to right) John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and William Temple Franklin. ... Map of East and West Florida in 1810. ... Map of East and West Florida in the early 1800s. ... Flag of Minorca This is a taula from the site of Talatì de Dalt about 4km west of Maó Minorca (Menorca both in Catalan and Spanish and increasingly in British usage; from Latin Balearis Minor, later Minorica minor island) is one of the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears Catalan official name... Castara village beach looking south, Tobago Tobago is the smaller of the two main islands that make up the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Go to american revolution at wiki to get the same information provided below! This article concerns Patriots in the Revolutionary War. ... The Age of Enlightenment came to Spain in the eighteenth century with the accession of King Philip V, the first Spanish king of the French Bourbon dynasty. ... Map of Dutch Republic by Joannes Janssonius United Netherlands redirects here. ... The Oneida (Onyotaa:ka or Onayotekaono, meaning the People of the Upright Stone, or standing stone) are a Native American/First Nations people and comprise one of the five founding nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. ... The Tuscarora are an American Indian tribe originally in North Carolina, which moved north to New York, and then partially into Canada. ... Anthem Preußenlied, Heil dir im Siegerkranz (both unofficial) The Kingdom of Prussia at its greatest extent, at the time of the formation of the German Empire, 1871 Capital Berlin Government Monarchy King  - 1701 — 1713 Frederick I (first)  - 1888 — 1918 William II (last) Prime minister  - 1848 Adolf Heinrich von Arnim... For an explanation of terms such as Scotland, Wales, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom, see British Isles (terminology). ... Languages Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora, English, French Religions Christianity, Longhouse religion The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the League of Peace and Power; the Five Nations; the Six Nations; or the People of the Long house) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans that originally consisted of... The term Hessian refers to the inhabitants of the German state of Hesse. ... [[ This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... Charles Willson Peale painted a portrait of General Greene from life in 1783, which was then copied several times by C.W. Peale and his son, Rembrandt Peale. ... Lieutenant General & National Guard Commander-in-Chief Lafayette in 1792 at ~35yrs. ... Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (July 1, 1725 – May 10, 1807) was a French aristocrat, soldier, and a Marshal of France. ... Bernardo de Gálvez, Count of Gálvez Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez (Spanish: Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, vizconde de Gálveztown y conde de Gálvez) (July 23, 1746, Málaga, Spain—November 30, 1786, Mexico City) was... Tadeusz KoÅ›ciuszko Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura KoÅ›ciuszko ( ; 1746 – 1817) was a Polish and Lithuanian national hero, general and a leader of 1794 uprising (which bears his name) against the Russian Empire. ... Baron von Steuben Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin Steuben, Baron von Steuben (* September 17, 1730; † November 28, 1794) was a German-Prussian General who served with George Washington in the American Revolutionary War and is credited with teaching the Continental Army the essentials of military drill and discipline. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738&#8211;29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... Sir William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, KB, PC (August 10, 1729 – July 12, 1814) was an English General who was Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the American Revolutionary War, one of the three Howe brothers. ... General Sir Henry Clinton K.B. Commander-in-Chief of British troops in America. ... “Lord Cornwallis” redirects here. ... John Burgoyne General John Burgoyne (February 24, 1722 – August 4, 1792) was a British army officer, politician and dramatist. ... Colonel Johannn Rall (alt. ... Joseph Brant, painted in London by leading court painter George Romney in 1776 Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant (sometimes spelled Brandt or Brand) (c. ... A great number of military leaders played a role in the American Revolutionary War. ... A military alliance is an agreement between two, or more, countries; related to wartime planning, commitments, or contingencies; such agreements can be both defensive and offensive. ... <smatest edits. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Type Bicameral Houses House of Commons House of Lords Speaker of the House of Commons The Right Honourable Michael Martin MP Lord Speaker Hélène Hayman, Baroness Hayman, PC Members 1377 (646 Commons, 731 Peers) Political groups (as of May 5, 2005 elections) Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats... In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. ... This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The XYZ Affair was a 1797 diplomatic episode that worsened relations between France and the United States and led to the undeclared Quasi-War of 1798. ...

As the American Revolutionary War was already underway, the treaty's primary purpose was to formally provide for French participation in the war. The treaty came about following the success of Congressional forces in the Battle of Saratoga (New York), when French leaders were convinced that the Americans could indeed prevail against their former British rulers. It engaged France directly in the conflict and produced a tremendous advantage, both financial and psychological, for the Americans. This would later prove decisive at the final major battle, the siege of Yorktown, when the presence of both French land and naval forces in the Continental Army convinced the British General, Cornwallis, that a continuation of his campaign was hopeless. Scholars generally agree that the Alliance was in large part responsible for the severely impoverished French economy during the reign of Louis XVI Bourbon and therefore, provides an explanation for the raucous popular unrest which generated the Revolution of 1789. Combatants United States France Spanish Empire Dutch Republic Oneida Tuscarora Polish volunteers Quebec volunteers Prussian volunteers Great Britain Iroquois Confederacy Hessian mercenaries Loyalists Commanders George Washington Nathanael Greene Gilbert de La Fayette Comte de Rochambeau Bernardo de Gálvez Tadeusz KoÅ›ciuszko Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben King George III Sir... The Congress of the Confederation or the United States in Congress Assembled was a body of representatives appointed by the legislatures of the United States from March 1, 1781 to March 4, 1789. ... Combatants British 9th/Hill, 20th/Lynd, 21st/ Hamilton, 62nd/Ansthruter, Simon Fraser Brunswick Brian green and anthony bararta 1st Brigade (Brunswickers) Brig. ... NY redirects here. ... Combatants France United States Great Britain German mercenaries Commanders Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau François de Grasse Gilbert de La Fayette George Washington Nathanael Greene Charles Cornwallis # Charles O’Hara # Banastre Tarleton # (stationed at Gloucester, Virginia) Strength 10,800 French, 8,845 Americans 7,500 Casualties 62 dead 190 wounded... Illustration depicting uniforms and weapons used during the 1779 to 1783 period of the American Revolution by showing four soldiers standing in an informal group General George Washington, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775. ... “Lord Cornwallis” redirects here. ... Louis XVI Louis XVI (August 23, 1754 - January 21, 1793), was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French in 1791-1792. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ... The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• Hoffman, Ronald; Albert, Peter J., eds. Diplomacy and Revolution : the Franco-American Alliance of 1778 (Charlottesville: Univ. Press of Virginia, 1981); [ISBN 0-8139-0864-7].
• Ross, Maurice. Louis XVI, gotten Founding Father, with a survey of the Franco-American alliance of the Revolutionary period (New York: Vantage Press, 1976); [ISBN 0-533-02333-5].
• Corwin, Edward Samuel. F policy and the American Alliance of 1778 (New York: B. Franklin, 1970).

External links

• Text of the Treaty of Alliance at the Avalon Project.
• Image of the Treaty in English and French.