The Treaty of Bucharest was concluded on August 10, 1913, by the delegates of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece. As Bulgaria had been completely isolated in the Second Balkan War, and as she was closely invested on her northern boundary by the of Romania on her western frontier by the allied armies of Greece and Serbia, and in the East by the Turkish Army, she was obliged, in her helplessness, to submit to such terms as her victorious enemies chose to impose upon her. All important arrangements and concessions involving the rectification of the controverted international boundary lines were perfected in a series of committee meetings, incorporated in separate protocols, and formally ratified by subsequent action of the general assembly of delegates. August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia      â€“ Vojvodina      â€“ Kosovo (UN admin. ... This article is about the country in Europe. ... The outcome as of April 1913 Boundaries on the Balkans after the First and the Second Balkan War (1912-1913) Distribution of races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor in 1923, Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York (The map does not reflect the results of the 1923...

Terms

By the terms of the treaty, Bulgaria ceded to Romania all that portion of the Dobrudja lying north of a line extending from the Danube just above Turtucaia to the western shore of the Black Sea, south of Ekrene. This important territorial concession has an approximate area of 2,687 square miles, a population of 286,000, and includes the fortress of Silistra and the cities of Turtukaia on the Danube and Balchik on the Black Sea. In addition, Bulgaria agreed to dismantle all existing fortresses and bound herself not to construct forts at Rousse or Shumen or in any of the territory between these two cities, or within a radius of 20 kilometers around Balchik. Dobruja or sometimes Dobrudja (Dobrogea in Romanian, Dobrudzha in Bulgarian, Dobruca in Turkish) is the territory between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, which includes the Danube Delta and the Romanian sea-shore. ... Tutrakan (Bulgarian: Тутракан, Romanian: Turtucaia) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Silistra Province. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... Silistra (Bulgarian: Силистра, historically Дръстър (Drâstâr); Romanian: Silistra or Dârstor; Latin: Silistria; Turkish: Silistre) is a port city of northeastern Bulgaria, lying on the southern side of the lower Danube at the countrys border with Romania. ... The Danube bend at Visegrád is a popular destination of tourists The Danube (ancient Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ... Balchik (Bulgarian Балчик, Romanian Balcic) is a Black Sea coastal town in the Southern Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria. ... Rousse (also transliterated as Ruse or Russe; Bulgarian: Русе; Romanian: Rusciuc) is the fifth largest city in Bulgaria, with a population of 178,000. ... Shumen is a city in the Northeastern part of Bulgaria, capital of Shumen Province. ...

Serbia's gain in territory

The eastern frontier of Serbia was drawn from the summit of Patarika, on the old frontier, and followed the watershed between the Vardar and the Struma rivers to the Greek-Bulgarian boundary, except that the upper valley of the Strumica remained in the possession of Bulgaria. The territory thus obtained embraced central Macedonia, including Ohrid, Monastir, Kosovo, Istib, and Kotchana, and the eastern half of the Sanjak of Novi Pazar. By this arrangement Serbia increased her territory from 18,650 to 33,891 square miles and her population by more than 1,500,000. The Vardar (Macedonian: Вардар; Latin: Axius; Αξιός(Axios) is the ancient and current Greek name of the river) is the longest river in the Republic of Macedonia. ... Struma was a ship chartered to carry Jewish refugees from Romania to British-controlled Palestine. ... Strumica (Macedonian: Струмица, Turkish: Usturumca, Bulgarian: Струмица) is a city of about 55,000 people in southeastern Republic of Macedonia. ... Ohrid (in Macedonian: Охрид, see also different names) is a city on the eastern shore of Lake Ohrid in western Republic of Macedonia. ... Monastir could be a city in the Republic of Macedonia now called Bitola Monastir, Italy - a village near Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, famous for fruit production. ... For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... This page is about a region in Serbia and Montenegro; for districts of the Ottoman Empire, see Sanjak. ...

Greece's gain in territory

The boundary line separating Greece from Bulgaria was drawn from the crest of Mount Belashitcha to the mouth of the Mesta River (Greek name: Nestos River), on the Aegean Sea. This important territorial concession, which Bulgaria resolutely contested, in compliance with the instructions embraced in the notes which Russia and Austria-Hungary presented to the conference, increased the area of Greece from 25,014 to 41,933 square miles and her population from 2,660,000 to 4,363,000. The territory thus annexed included Epirus, southern Macedonia, Salonika, Kavala, and the Aegean littoral as far east as the Mesta River, and restricted the Aegean seaboard of Bulgaria to an inconsiderable extent of 70 miles, extending from the Mesta to the Maritza, and giving access to the Aegean at the inferior port of Dedeagatch. Greece also extended her northwestern frontier to include the great fortress of Janina. In addition, Crete was definitely assigned to Greece and was formally taken over on December 14, 1913. Mesta is a river in Bulgaria and Greece, see Mesta (river). ... The Aegean Sea. ... Epirus (Greek Ήπειρος, Ípiros) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe. ... The White Tower The Arch of Galerius Map showing the Thessaloníki prefecture Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) is the second-largest city of Greece and is the principal city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia. ... Kavala (also seen as Kavála, Kavalla, (Greek: Καβάλα), (2001 pop. ... A littoral is the region near the shoreline of a body of fresh or salt water. ... Maritza can be: The river Maritsa Maritza (musical) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Alexandroupoli (also Alexandroupolis, Greek: Αλεξανδρούπολη - Alexandroúpoli) is a city of Greece and the capital of the Evros Prefecture in Thrace. ... Ioannina (Greek: Ιωάννινα, often Γιάννενα Giannena, Yiannena or Γιάννινα Giannina, Yiannina ; Albanian: Janinë or Janina; Aromanian: Ianina, Bulgarian: Янина Janina) is a city in and capital of Epirus, Greece, with a population of approximately 100,000 and sitting at an elevation of 600 metres above sea level. ... Crete (Greek Κρήτη Kriti; called Candia in the Venetian period and Turkish: Girit) is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean Sea. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

Bulgaria's gain in territory

Bulgaria's share of the spoils, although greatly reduced, was not entirely negligible. Her net gains in territory, which embraced a portion of Macedonia, including the town of Strumica, Western Thrace, and 70 miles of the Aegean littoral, were about 9,663 square miles, and her population was increased by 129,490. Strumica (Macedonian: Струмица, Turkish: Usturumca, Bulgarian: Струмица) is a city of about 55,000 people in southeastern Republic of Macedonia. ... Western or Greek Thrace is the part of Thrace located between the rivers Nestos (Bulgarian Mesta) and Evros (Bulgarian Maritsa, Turkish Meriç) in northeastern Greece. ... A littoral is the region near the shoreline of a body of fresh or salt water. ...

Appraisement of the treaty

By the terms of the Treaty of Bucharest, Romania profited most in proportion to her sacrifices. The unredeemed Romanians live mostly in Austro-Hungary and Russia, and therefore the Balkan wars afforded her no adequate opportunity to perfect the rectification of her boundaries on ethnographic lines. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

The humiliating terms imposed on Bulgaria were due to her own impatience and intemperate folly. The territory she secured was relatively circumscribed; she had failed to emancipate Macedonia, which was her avowed purpose in entering the war; she lost the districts of Ohrid and Monastir, which she especially coveted; she was assigned only a small line on the Aegean, with the wretched port of Dedeagatch; and she was obliged to forfeit her ambition as the leader of the Balkan hegemony.

Greece, though gaining much, was greatly dissatisfied. The acquisition of Saloniki was a triumph; she was assigned the port of Kavala and the territory eastward at the insistence of the King and the army and contrary to the advice of Venizelos; in the northwest Greece encountered the opposition of Italy by urging her claims to southern Albania; in the assignment of the Aegean Islands she was profoundly dissatisfied; and she still claims 3,000,000 unredeemed conationals.

The fundamental defects of the Treaty of Bucharest were that

1. the boundaries which it drew bore little relation to the nationality of the inhabitants of the districts affected
2. the punishment meted out to Bulgaria, while perhaps deserved in the light of her great offense in bringing on the Second Balkan War, was so severe that she could not accept the treaty as a permanent settlement.

While Serbia, Greece, and Romania can not escape a large share of the blame for the character of the treaty, it should not be forgotten that their action at Bucharest was in large measure due to the settlement forced upon the Balkan States by the great powers at the London conferences.

See also

• Treaty of Bucharest, 1812
• Treaty of Bucharest, 1918

Treaty of Bucharest of 1812 was signed on 28 May 1812 by the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, at the end of the Russian-Turkish war (1806-1812). ... A French caricature on the treaty: the Kaiser points a dagger at a woman (Romania), while showing her the Peace Treaty Delegates at the Peace of Bucharest The Treaty of Bucharest was a peace treaty which was signed on May 7, 1918 forced by Germany to the Romanian side. ...

References

• Anderson, Frank Maloy and Amos Shartle Hershey, Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870-1914. Prepared for the National Board for Historical Service. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1918.