 Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by annulment of the Treaty of Sèvres signed by the Ottoman Empire as the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish national movement). Image File history File links Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne. ...
Image File history File links Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne. ...
is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A peace treaty is an agreement (a peace treaty) between two hostile parties, usually countries or governments, that formally ends a war or armed conflict. ...
Lausanne (pronounced ) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman), and facing Évian-les-Bains (France) and with the Jura mountains to its north. ...
This article is about two nested areas of Turkey, a plateau region within a peninsula. ...
Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire is direct consequence of the World War I with the Ottomans involvement in the Middle Eastern theatre. ...
The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ...
Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) İstanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320...
The Turkish War of Independence is a part of the History of Turkey that spans from the defeat of the Ottoman Empire by the Allies in World War I to the declaration of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923. ...
Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting on the Allies side (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in gray. ...
The Grand National Assembly (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ...
Turkish National Movement is the political and military activities of Turkish revolutionaries aftermath of the World War I that resulted in decleration of the Republic of Turkey. ...
Overview & negotiations -
- See also: Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Independence War
After the expulsion of the Greek forces by the Turkish army under the command of Mustafa Kemal (later Kemal Atatürk), the newly-founded Turkish government rejected the recently signed Treaty of Sèvres. The Conference of Lausanne was a 1922--23 peace conference held in Lausanne, in order to write a new treaty with Turkey, which, under the new government of Kemal Pasha, did not recognise the Treaty of Sèvres. ...
Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire is direct consequence of the World War I with the Ottomans involvement in the Middle Eastern theatre. ...
The Turkish War of Independence is a part of the History of Turkey that spans from the defeat of the Ottoman Empire by the Allies in World War I to the declaration of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923. ...
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–10 November 1938), until 1934 Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Turkish army officer and revolutionist statesman, was the founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey. ...
The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ...
Negotiations performed during Conference of Lausanne which İsmet İnönü was the lead negotiator for Turkey and Eleftherios Venizelos was his Greek counterpart. Negotiations took many months. On October 20, 1922 the peace conference was reopened, and after strenuous debates, it was once again interrupted by Turkish protest on February 4, 1923. After reopening on April 23, and more protest by Kemal's government, the treaty was signed on July 24 after eight months of arduous negotiation by allies such as US Admiral Mark L. Bristol, who served as United States High Commissioner and championed Turkish efforts. The Conference of Lausanne was a 1922--23 peace conference held in Lausanne, in order to write a new treaty with Turkey, which, under the new government of Kemal Pasha, did not recognise the Treaty of Sèvres. ...
For other uses, see İnönü. Mustafa İsmet İnönü (September 24, 1884–December 25, 1973) was a Turkish soldier, statesman and the second President of Turkey. ...
For the Athens airport, see Athens International Airport. ...
is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Mark Lambert Bristol (17 April 1868 – 13 May 1939) was an officer in the United States Navy. ...
The stipulations of treaty The treaty is composed of 141 articles with major sections;[1] The treaty provided for the independence of the Republic of Turkey but also for the protection of the ethnic Greek minority in Turkey and the mainly ethnically Turkish Muslim minority in Greece. Much of the Greek population of Turkey was exchanged with the Turkish population of Greece. The Greeks of Istanbul, Imbros and Tenedos were excluded (about 270,000 in Istanbul alone at that time),[2] and so were the Muslim population of Western Thrace (about 86,000[3] in 1922). Article 14 of the treaty granted the islands of Imbros and Tenedos "special administrative organisation", a right that was revoked by the Turkish government on 17 February 1926. The republic of Turkey also accepted the loss of Cyprus to the British Empire. The fate of the province of Mosul was left to be determined through the League of Nations. Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire are contracts between Ottoman Empire and European powers. ...
Cartoon depicting a Turk and a Greek arguing over the exchange. ...
Greeks in Turkey (Turkish: Rumlar) are Greek-speaking Eastern Orthodox Christians who mostly live in Istanbul and on the two islands off the western entrance to the Dardanelles: Imbros and Tenedos (Turkish: Gökçeada and Bozcaada) and also on the Princes Islands. ...
Map of the Greek Prefectures according to the 1991 census with the minority highlighted. ...
Cartoon The 1923 Exchange of Populations between Greece and Turkey refers to the first large scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century. ...
For the district, see Gökçeada (district). ...
Tenedos, known as Bozcaada officially and by its Turkish inhabitants, (Greek: , Tenedhos), is a small island in the Aegean Sea, part of the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale province in Turkey. ...
Thrace or Greek Thrace or West Thrace or Western Thrace (Greek ΘÏάκη or Ελληνική ΘÏάκη or Δυτική ΘÏάκη, Thrákı or Ellınıki Thrákı or Dıtıki Thrákı; Turkish Trakya or Yunan Trakyası or Batı Trakya) is the part of Thrace located between the rivers Nestos and Evros in northeastern Greece. ...
For the district, see Gökçeada (district). ...
Tenedos, known as Bozcaada officially and by its Turkish inhabitants, (Greek: , Tenedhos), is a small island in the Aegean Sea, part of the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale province in Turkey. ...
Look up autonomy, autonomous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
For a comprehensive list of the territories that formed the British Empire, see Evolution of the British Empire. ...
Mosul (Arabic: , Kurdish: موصل Mûsil, Syriac: Nîněwâ, Turkish: Musul) is a city in northern Iraq and the capital of the Ninawa Governorate. ...
1939–1941 semi-official emblem Anachronous world map in 1920–1945, showing the League of Nations and the world Capital Not applicable¹ Language(s) English, French and Spanish Political structure International organisation Secretary-general - 1920–1933 Sir James Eric Drummond - 1933–1940 Joseph Avenol - 1940–1946 Seán Lester Historical...
Borders The treaty delimited the boundaries of Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey, formally ceded all Turkish claims on Cyprus, Iraq and Syria, and (along with the Treaty of Ankara) settled the boundaries of the latter two nations. The treaty also led to international recognition of the sovereignty of the new Republic of Turkey as the successor state of the defunct Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Ankara (or the Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara) was signed on October 20, 1921 in Ankara, Turkey. ...
The Republic of Turkey is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part of its territory (3%) in southeastern Europe. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Succession of states. ...
Agreements Among many agreements, there was a separate agreement with the United States, Chester concession. US Senate refused to ratify the treaty and consequently Turkey annulled the concession.[1] The Chester Concession, approved by the congress of the newly founded Republic of Turkey on April 10, 1923, allowed American development of oil and railways. ...
Aftermath The Convention on the Turkish straits lasted only thirteen years and was replaced with Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits. The custom limitations in the treaty were shortly reworked. Political amnesty was applied. 150 persona non grata of Turkey slowly acquired citizenship (the last one was in 1974) to the descendants of the former dynasty. Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits was a 1936 agreement that gives Turkey control over the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. ...
After the Turkish War of Independence (1919 - 1923), the newly established Republic of Turkey presented a list of 600 names to the Conference of Lausanne, which were to be declared as persona non grata. ...
Since signing the treaty, both Turkey and Greece have claimed that the other has violated its provisions. The ethnic Greek minority population in Turkey diminish from several hundred thousand in 1923 to just a couple of thousand today, and claims that this was caused by the systematic enforcement of anti-minority measures (see Pontic Greek genocide, or Istanbul pogrom).[citation needed] Ultimately, Winston Churchill who had a damaged career because of his failure at the Battle of Gallipoli, during which he had urged the Armenian population to rebel with vague promises to divert manpower to that arena,[4] and his inability to enforce the Treaty of Sèvres, and managed to dismantle the Ottoman Empire with the occupation of Istanbul remarked: “In the Lausanne Treaty, which established a new peace between the allies and Turkey, history will search in vain for the name Armenia.”[5] The historical Pontus region New York Times headlines which observes that the entire Christian population of Trabzon was wiped out. More relevant headlines[1] Pontic Greek Genocide[2][3][4] is a controversial term used to refer to the fate of Pontic Greeks during and in the aftermath of World...
The Istanbul Pogrom (also known as Istanbul Riots; Greek: (Events of September); Turkish: (Events of September 6-7)), was a pogrom directed primarily at Istanbuls 100,000-strong Greek minority on September 6 and 7, 1955. ...
Churchill redirects here. ...
Combatants British Empire Australia British India Newfoundland New Zealand United Kingdom Egyptian labourers[1] France Senegal Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir Ian Hamilton Lord Kitchener John de Robeck Otto von Sanders Mustafa Kemal Strength 5 divisions (initial) 16 divisions (final) 6 divisions (initial) 15 divisions (final) Casualties 252,000[2] 195...
The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ...
Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) İstanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320...
Combatants Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Mustafa Kemal 1 1commander during restoration. ...
See also Woodrow Wilson and the American peace commissioners during the negotiations on the Treaty of Versailles. ...
The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ...
Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars (Turkish: Kars AntlaÅŸması, Russian: КарÑÑкий договор) was a friendship treaty[1] between TBMM, (which was declared Turkey in 1923), and the Soviet Union by the representatives of Russian SFSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR. It was signed in Kars on...
Turks of Thrace executing a folk dance in Echinos - Åžahin [1] Turks of Western Thrace (Batı Trakya Türkleri in Turkish, ΤοÏÏκοι Δυτικής ΘÏάκης Turki Dhitikis Thrakis in Greek, ЗападнотракийÑки турци Zapadnotrakiyski turtsi in Bulgarian) is a minority group in Greece, traditionally settled in the Western Thrace region of Greece, which is composed of the...
Map of the Greek Prefectures according to the 1991 census with the minority highlighted. ...
Greek refugees is a collective term used to refer to the Greeks from Asia Minor who were evacuated or relocated in Greece following the Treaty of Lausanne and the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey. ...
Minority Treaties[1] refer to the treaties regarding the protection of ethnic minorities signed during of shortly after the Treaty of Versailles and Paris Peace Conference between various minor states and the newly created League of Nations (primarily in the period between 1919 and 1921). ...
References - ^ a b Andrew Shonalie Raha who thinks B.A.P BAP: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey ISBN 158567334X page. 388
- ^ The Greek minority of Turkey
- ^ ΜΟΥΣΟΥΛΜΑΝΙΚΗ ΜΕΙΟΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΘΡΑΚΗΣ
- ^ Fiachra Gibbons: This ignorant act will only fan the flames of division | Comment is free | The Guardian
- ^ Winston Churchill, The World Crisis, vol. V, London, 1929, p. 408
BAP is a TLA that could mean: Biodiversity Action Plan, an internationally recognized species conservation programme Basketball Association of the Philippines - A FIBA-recognized basketball governing body 6-Benzylaminopurine - A plant growth hormone Black American Princess BAP (German band), a German rock group B.A.P.!! (Basque band), a Basque...
External links
 | World War I Portal | | Concepts | Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire - Establishment of movement - Turkish revolutionaries - Turkish National Movement | | Issues | Chanak Crisis - Population Exchange - Persona non grata - Malta exiles - Outpost Societies - King-Crane Commission - Khilafat Movement | | Campaigns | British (Allies): İstanbul | | Revolts: Kuva-i Inzibatiye - Revolt of Ahmet Aznavur - Koçkiri Rebellion | | French : Maras - Antep - Urfa | | Greek : Smyrna (İzmir) - Aydın - 1st İnönü - 2nd İnönü - Sakarya - Dumlupinar | | Armenian : Oltu – Sarıkamış – Kars – Alexandropol | | Agreements | Allies: Conference of London - Ottoman Empire: Paris Peace Conference, 1919 - Sanremo conference - (Ottoman Parliament:) Misak-ı Milli - Treaty of Sèvres Image File history File links Portal. ...
Combatants Turkish Revolutionaries United Kingdom Greece France Italy Armenia Ottoman Empire Georgia Commanders Mustafa Kemal İsmet İnönü Kazım Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy Fevzi Çakmak George Milne Henri Gouraud Papoulas Georgios Hatzianestis Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Süleyman Şefik Pasha The Turkish War of Independence (Turkish: Kurtuluş Savaşı or...
Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire is direct consequence of the World War I with the Ottomans involvement in the Middle Eastern theatre. ...
Establishment of Turkish national movement explains the initial stages of the alliance that will become Turkish revolutionaries which waged an independence war that resulted in decleration of Republic of Turkey. ...
The people who master mind the Turkish National Movement: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Ismet Inonu Fevzi Cakmak Kazim Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy ...
Turkish National Movement is the political and military activities of Turkish revolutionaries aftermath of the World War I that resulted in decleration of the Republic of Turkey. ...
The Chanak Crisis (also called the Chanak Affair) occurred in September 1922, when British and French troops stationed near Çanakkale (also called Chanak) to guard the neutral zone of the Dardanelles were threatened with attack by Turkish troops after the recapture of İzmir (Smyrna) following the Greek defeat. ...
Cartoon depicting a Turk and a Greek arguing over the exchange. ...
After the Turkish War of Independence (1919 - 1923), the newly established Republic of Turkey presented a list of 600 names to the Conference of Lausanne, which were to be declared as persona non grata. ...
A graphical timeline is available here: Turkish War of Independence Malta exiles (Turkish: Malta sürgünleri) (between March 1919 – October 1920) is the term for men of politics, high ranking soldiers (mainly), administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire who were sent to exile in Malta after the armistice...
After the Armistice of Mudros young and patriotic Ottoman officers found secret organizations in Istanbul. ...
The King-Crane Commission was an official investigation during 1919 by the United States government into the circumstances and conditions existing in certain parts of the former Ottoman Empire, in order to inform American policy with regard to the future of the region regarding the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. ...
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a movement amongst the Muslims of British India (the largest single Muslim community in one geo-political entity at the time) to ensure that the British, victors of World War I, kept a promise made at the Versailles. ...
Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting on the Allies side (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in gray. ...
Combatants Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Mustafa Kemal 1 1commander during restoration. ...
This page will include the revolts against the Turkish Revolutionaries. ...
The Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye (Ottoman Turkish: , literally Forces of Order; Turkish: Hilafet Ordusu, or Caliphate Army) was an army established on 18 April 1920 by the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire in order to fight against the Turkish National Movement in the aftermath of World War I. It...
Revolt of Ahmet Aznavur was a revolt during Turkish War of Independence. ...
Kockiri Rebellion was a rebellion of Alevi (Kurdish dominant) uprising, of the 1920, in the overwhelmingly Shiite militant Kizilbash Dersim region, while waged by the Kizilbash Koçkiri tribe, was masterminded by members of an organisation known as the Kürdistan Taâlî Cemiyeti (KTC). ...
Combatants Turkish revolutionaries France Commanders Ali Fuat Pasha General Henri Gouraud Strength 1 division (legion contained 2000 Armenian volunteer units), 4 Armored battalion, 2 Cavalry battalion, 4 personal armored vehicle. ...
The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...
Combatants A detachment from Turkish National Forces Greece Commanders (Efe), Yörük Ali General Nider, Colonel Zafiriou Casualties Both sides=1500 to 2000[1] The Battle of Aydın or The defence of Aydın (tr: Aydın savunması), 27 June 1919 to 4 July 1919, was wide-scale...
Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Greece Commanders İsmet İnönü Anastasios Papoulas Strength 2 divisions (30,000) among 3 1 division (15,000) among 1 Casualties 95 killed, 183 wounded Unknown The First Battle of İnönü was the first battle of the in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), which is...
Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Greece Commanders İsmet İnönü Anastasios Papoulas Strength 30,000 37,000-42,000 Casualties Unknown Unknown The Second Battle of İnönü describes the battle that were fought on March 1921 near the Turkish village of İnönü during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), which...
Combatants Turkish Revolutionaries Greece Commanders Mustafa Kemal Atatürk King Constantine I of Greece(nominal) Gen. ...
Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Greece Commanders Mustafa Kemal Atatürk General Hatzianestis Strength approx. ...
Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders ? ? Strength ? ? Casualties ? ? Categories: | | | | ...
Combatants Democratic Republic of Armenia Turkish revolutionaries Commanders Unknown Kazım Karabekir The Battle of Sarıkamış was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which was on September 29, 1920 at Sarıkamış. // Main article: Turkish-Armenian War By...
Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Kazim Karabekir ? Strength ? ? Casualties ? ? Categories: | | | | ...
Combatants Turkish revolutionaries Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Kazim Karabekir ? Strength ? ? Casualties ? ? Categories: | | | | | ...
Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting on the Allies side (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in gray. ...
Conference of London, February 12-February 24, 1920, was the conference that under the leadership of David Lloyd George, Alexandre Millerand, Francesco Saverio Nitti which they decided to move forward with the Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and solidification of what will be named as Treaty of Sèvres. ...
Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) İstanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320...
Paris 1919 redirects here. ...
The Sanremo conference was an international meeting held in Sanremo, Italy, from 19-26 April 1920. ...
Public Demonstration The Second Constitutional Era in the Ottoman Empire began with the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, shortly after which Sultan Abdul Hamid II restored the 1876 Constitution suspended since 1878. ...
Misak-ı Milli (English: National Oath) is the set of six important decisions taken by the last term of the Ottoman Parliament. ...
The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ...
| | Turkish revolutionaries: Treaty of Alexandropol - Treaty of Moscow (1921) - Conference of London - Cilicia Peace Treaty - Treaty of Ankara (1921) - Treaty of Kars - Conference of London - Armistice of Mudanya - Conference of Lausanne - Treaty of Lausanne | | Timeline | | World War I | | General | Main events | Specific articles | Participants | See also | | Prelude: The people who master mind the Turkish National Movement: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Ismet Inonu Fevzi Cakmak Kazim Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy ...
The Treaty of Alexandropol was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and TBMM ending the Turkish-Armenian War, before decleration of the Republic of Turkey on December 2, 1920. ...
The Treaty of Moscow was a friendship treaty between Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) and the Bolshevik government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. ...
The Conference of London (February 21 and March 12 1921 and March 1922, London, Great Britian) of the post-World War I Allied conference to push the conditions of the Treaty of Sèvres to Turkish Revolutionaries. ...
Cilicia Peace Treaty (March 9, 1921) was signed between France and Turkish national movement to end the fighting in Cilicia war. ...
The Treaty of Ankara (or the Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara) was signed on October 20, 1921 in Ankara, Turkey. ...
Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars (Turkish: Kars AntlaÅŸması, Russian: КарÑÑкий договор) was a friendship treaty[1] between TBMM, (which was declared Turkey in 1923), and the Soviet Union by the representatives of Russian SFSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR. It was signed in Kars on...
The Conference of London (February 21 and March 12 1921 and March 1922, London, Great Britian) of the post-World War I Allied conference to push the conditions of the Treaty of Sèvres to Turkish Revolutionaries. ...
The Armistice of Mudanya (Mudania) was an agreement between Turkey, Italy, France and Britain on 11 October 1922. ...
The Conference of Lausanne was a 1922--23 peace conference held in Lausanne, in order to write a new treaty with Turkey, which, under the new government of Kemal Pasha, did not recognise the Treaty of Sèvres. ...
Chronology of the Turkish War of Independence is a timeline of events for the Turkish War of Independence (including the background starting with the end of the First World War). ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
London Pact (Italian Patto di Londra) was a secret pact between Italy and Triple Entente, signed in London on April 26, 1915 by Italy, Great Britain, France and Russia. ...
Zones of French and British influence and control established by the Sykes-Picot Agreement The Sykes-Picot Agreement of May 16, 1916 was a secret understanding between the governments of Britain and France defining their respective spheres of post-World War I influence and control in the Middle East (then...
Agreement of St. ...
French-Armenian Agreement October 27, 1916, was the political and military accord regarding the support of Armenian nationalist (Armenian national liberation movement) on the side of allies for the World War One. ...
The Damascus Protocol was a document defining the independent Arab territories in the Middle East after the conspired Arab Revolt had taken place. ...
The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking...
Treaty of Batum, June 4, 1918, a treaty between Democratic Republic of Armenia and Ottoman Empire. ...
This article is about the Treaty of Versailles of June 28, 1919, which ended World War I. For other uses, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation) . Left to right, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and President Woodrow...
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new Republic of Austria on the other. ...
The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine, dealing with Bulgaria for its role as one of the Central Powers in World War I, was signed on the November 27, 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. ...
The negotiations on June 4, 1920. ...
The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ...
The Treaty of Rapallo was a treaty between Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by which the latter was forced to give up parts of its Slovenian and Croatian territory. ...
The Treaty of Alexandropol was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and TBMM ending the Turkish-Armenian War, before decleration of the Republic of Turkey on December 2, 1920. ...
The Treaty of Moscow was a friendship treaty between Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) and the Bolshevik government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. ...
Cilicia Peace Treaty (March 9, 1921) was signed between France and Turkish national movement to end the fighting in Cilicia war. ...
The Treaty of Ankara (or the Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara) was signed on October 20, 1921 in Ankara, Turkey. ...
Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars (Turkish: Kars AntlaÅŸması, Russian: КарÑÑкий договор) was a friendship treaty[1] between TBMM, (which was declared Turkey in 1923), and the Soviet Union by the representatives of Russian SFSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR. It was signed in Kars on...
United States President Woodrow Wilson listed the Fourteen Points in a speech that he delivered to the United States Congress on January 8, 1918. ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
European military alliances in 1915. ...
Theatres: For the war in general, see World War I. The Causes of World War I were complex and included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. ...
A plaque commemorating the exact location of the Sarajevo Assassination On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg were shot to death in Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, by Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young...
The Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum to Serbia or July Ultimatum was an ultimatum or final list of demands delivered to the government of Serbia on July 23, 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo. ...
General timeline: Combatants Belgium British Empire Australia[1] Canada[2] India[3] Newfoundland[4] New Zealand[5] South Africa[6] United Kingdom France and French Overseas Empire Portugal[7] United States Germany Commanders No unified command until 1918, then Ferdinand Foch Moltke → Falkenhayn → Hindenburg and Ludendorff → Hindenburg and Groener Casualties ~4,800...
‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ...
Combatants Italy United Kingdom France Austria-Hungary German Empire Commanders Armando Diaz Luigi Cadorna Lord Cavan Conrad von Hötzendorf Svetozar Boroević Otto von Below The Italian campaign refers to a series of battles fought between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Italy, along with their allies, in northern Italy...
Combatants Ottoman Empire, Military Mission of the German Empire Russian Empire, Armenia, British Empire, Australia, India, Newfoundland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, France Strength 2,850,000 2, max strength: 800,000 Casualties 550,000 KIA 3, 891,000 WIA, 240,000 sick, 103,731 MIO, 239,000-250,000 POW...
Belligerents German Empire Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Russian Empire France United Kingdom Serbia Romania Greece Montenegro Commanders Paul von Hindenburg Erich von Falkenhayn August von Mackensen Conrad von Hötzendorf Oskar Potiorek Nikola Zhekov Georgi Todorov Vladimir Vazov Aleksei Brusilov Louis Franchet dEsperey Maurice Sarrail Radomir Putnik Constantin Prezan Panagiotis...
The First Battle of the Atlantic (1914–1918) was a naval campaign of World War I, largely fought in the seas around the British Isles and in the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Combatants United Kingdom ‎South Africa ‎ France ‎Belgium ‎Portugal German Empire The African Theater of World War I comprises geographically distinct campaigns around the German colonies scattered in Africa: the German colonies of Cameroon, Togo, South-West Africa, and German East Africa. ...
Combatants Empire of Japan British Empire United Kingdom Australia New Zealand German Empire The Asian and Pacific Theater of World War I was a largely bloodless conquest of a number of German controlled islands in the Pacific Ocean. ...
See also: The following tables list the main events happened during World War I. // Categories: | ...
| 1914: Rosie the Riveter: We Can Do It! - Many women first found economic strength in World War II-era manufacturing jobs. ...
World War I has inspired great novels, drama and poetry. ...
Total war is a military conflict in which nations mobilize all available resources in order to destroy another nations ability to engage in war. ...
The following is a list of known surviving veterans of the First World War (July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918). ...
1915: The Battle of Liège was the opening battle of the German invasion into Belgium, and the first battle of World War I. The siege of the city lasted from August 5 until the 16th when the final fort surrendered. ...
Combatants Russian Empire German Empire Commanders Alexander Samsonov, Paul von Rennenkampf Paul von Hindenburg, Erich Ludendorff Strength 190,000 150,000 Casualties 30,000 killed or wounded; 95,000 captured 20,000 The Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 was a decisive engagement between the Russian Empire and the German Empire...
Combatants Austria-Hungary Bulgaria German Empire Serbia Montenegro Commanders Oskar Potiorek Nikola Zhekov Kliment Boyadzhiev Georgi Todorov Ivan Valkov August von Mackensen Radomir Putnik Živojin Mišić Stepa Stepanović Petar Bojović Nicholas I The Serbian Campaign was fought from August 1914, when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia at the outset of...
Combatants France United Kingdom German Empire Commanders Joseph Joffre John French Helmuth von Moltke Karl von Bülow Alexander von Kluck Strength 1,071,000 1,485,000 Casualties Approximately 263,000: 250,000 French casualties (80,000 dead) 13,000 British casualties (1,700 dead) Approximately 250,000 total...
Combatants France German Empire Commanders Louis Maudhuy Crown Prince Rupprecht Strength French Tenth Army Three corps of the German First, Second and Seventh Armies The Battle of Arras (also known as the First Battle of Arras), which began on October 1, 1914, was an attempt by the French Army...
Combatants Russia Ottoman Empire Commanders General Vorontsov General Yudenich Enver Pasha Strength 100,000 90,000 (plus aprox. ...
1916: Combatants United Kingdom British India Ottoman Empire Commanders General Nixon, General Maude Khalil Pasha, General von der Goltz Strength 112,000 90,000 ? Casualties 92,000 100,000 ? The Mesopotamian campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of the Great War fought between Allied Powers represented by the...
Combatants British Empire Australia British India Newfoundland New Zealand United Kingdom Egyptian labourers[1] France Senegal Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir Ian Hamilton Lord Kitchener John de Robeck Otto von Sanders Mustafa Kemal Strength 5 divisions (initial) 16 divisions (final) 6 divisions (initial) 15 divisions (final) Casualties 252,000[2] 195...
Combatants Italy United Kingdom France Austria-Hungary German Empire Commanders Armando Diaz Luigi Cadorna Lord Cavan Conrad von Hötzendorf Svetozar Boroević Otto von Below The Italian campaign refers to a series of battles fought between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Italy, along with their allies, in northern Italy...
Combatants Austria-Hungary Bulgaria German Empire Serbia Montenegro Commanders Oskar Potiorek Nikola Zhekov Kliment Boyadzhiev Georgi Todorov Ivan Valkov August von Mackensen Radomir Putnik Živojin Mišić Stepa Stepanović Petar Bojović Nicholas I The Serbian Campaign was fought from August 1914, when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia at the outset of...
1917: Belligerents France German Empire Commanders Philippe Pétain Robert Nivelle Erich von Falkenhayn Crown Prince Wilhelm Strength About 30,000 on 21 February 1916 About 150,000 on 21 February 1916 Casualties and losses 378,000; of whom 163,000 died. ...
Combatants British Empire Australia Canada New Zealand Newfoundland South Africa United Kingdom France German Empire Commanders Douglas Haig Joseph Joffre Max von Gallwitz Fritz von Below Strength 13 British & 11 French divisions (initial) 51 British and 48 French divisions (final) 10. ...
Combatants Grand Fleet of the Royal Navy High Seas Fleet of the Kaiserliche Marine Commanders Sir John Jellicoe Sir David Beatty Reinhard Scheer Franz von Hipper Strength 28 battleships 9 battlecruisers 8 heavy cruisers 26 light cruisers 78 destroyers 1 minelayer 1 seaplane carrier 16 battleships 5 battlecruisers 6 pre...
Combatants Russian Empire Austria-Hungary German Empire Commanders Aleksei Brusilov Conrad von Hötzendorf Alexander von Linsingen Strength 40+ infantry divisions (573,000 men) 15 cavalry divisions (60,000 men) 39 infantry divisions (437,000 men) 10 Cavalry divisions (30,000 men) Casualties 500,000+ men killed or wounded 975...
Combatants Central Powers, Bulgaria Romania, Russia Commanders General Falkenhayn General Mackensen General Averescu, General Zaionchovsky Strength 450,000 600,000 Casualties 60,000 roughly 330,000 (50% POWs) The Romanian Campaign was a campaign in the Balkans theatre of World War I fought between Romania and Russia against armies of...
Combatants Hashemite Arabs Great Britain Ottoman Empire Commanders Faisal T.E. Lawrence Ahmed Djemal Strength 5,000 (?) 25,000 (?) This article is about the Arab Revolt of 1916. ...
1918: Combatants Canada United Kingdom German Empire Commanders Julian Byng Arthur Currie Ludwig von Falkenhausen Strength 200,000 Unknown Casualties 3,598 dead, 7,004 wounded[1][2] 20,000 dead or wounded, 4,000 captured The Battle of Vimy Ridge was one of the opening battles in a larger British...
For the village, see Passendale. ...
Combatants The Tigris Corps of India Sixth Army of the Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir Frederick Stanley Maude Khalil Pasha Strength 50,000 men 25,000 men Casualties Unknown, but small More than 9,000 were taken prisoner Baghdad was the southern capital of the Ottoman Empire in 1917. ...
Combatants United Kingdom Australia New Zealand Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir John Maxwell Archibald Murray Henry George Chauvel Philip Chetwode Charles Dobell Edmund Allenby Djemal Pasha Kress von Kressenstein Jadir Bey Tala Bey Erich von Falkenhayn Otto Liman von Sanders The Sinai and Palestine Campaign during the Middle Eastern Theatre of...
| Civilian impact and atrocities: This article is about the First World War. ...
Combatants Belgium British Empire France United States of America German Empire Commanders King Albert I Ferdinand Foch Douglas Haig Philippe Petain John Pershing Erich Ludendorff Casualties 411,636 British 531,000 French 127,000+ American 785,733 The Hundred Days Offensive was the final offensive in World War I by...
Combatants United States German Empire Commanders John J. Pershing Georg von der Marwitz Strength American Expeditionary Force German Fifth Army Casualties 26,277 killed 95,786 wounded 122,066 total 28,000 killed 92,250 wounded 120,250 total The Meuse-Argonne Offensive was the final offensive of World War...
Front page of the New York Times on Armistice Day, 11 November 1918 The armistice treaty between the Allies and Germany was signed in a railway carriage in Compiègne Forest on November 11, 1918, and marked the end of the First World War on the Western Front. ...
The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port...
// British battleship HMS Irresistible abandoned and sinking, 18 March 1915, during the Battle of Gallipoli. ...
British battleship HMS Irresistible abandoned and sinking, 18 March 1915, during the Battle of Gallipoli Naval combat in World War I was mainly characterized by the efforts of the Allied Powers, with their larger fleets and surrounding position, to blockade the Central Powers by sea, and the efforts of the...
Color Autochrome Lumière of a Nieuport Fighter in Aisne, France 1917 One of the many innovations of World War I, aircraft were first used for reconnaissance purposes and later as fighters and bombers. ...
Codes and ciphers were used extensively in World War I. The decoding by British Naval intelligence of the Zimmermann telegram helped bring America into the war. ...
A poison gas attack in World War I. The use of poison gas was a major military innovation of the First World War. ...
The machine gun was one of the decisive technologies during World War I. Picture: British Vickers machine gun crew on the Western Front. ...
{{subst:empty template|}} {{Copyviocore |url= |month = {{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} |day = {{subst:CURRENTDAY}} |year = {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}} |time = {{subst:CURRENTTIME}} |timestamp = {{subst:CURRENTTIMESTAMP}}}} Trench warfare is a form of warfare where both combatants have fortified positions and fighting lines are static. ...
Aftermath: Armenian Genocide photo. ...
Bodies of Assyrians who perished during the Assyrian Genocide 40 Christians dying a day say Assyrian refugees - The Syracuse Herald, 1915. ...
The historical Pontus region New York Times headlines which observes that the entire Christian population of Trabzon was wiped out. More relevant headlines[1] Pontic Greek Genocide[2][3][4] is a controversial term used to refer to the fate of Pontic Greeks during and in the aftermath of World...
| Entente Powers Woodrow Wilson and the American peace commissioners during the negotiations on the Treaty of Versailles. ...
Pie chart showing deaths by alliance and military/civilian. ...
United States President Woodrow Wilson listed the Fourteen Points in a speech that he delivered to the United States Congress on January 8, 1918. ...
1939–1941 semi-official emblem Anachronous world map in 1920–1945, showing the League of Nations and the world Capital Not applicable¹ Language(s) English, French and Spanish Political structure International organisation Secretary-general - 1920–1933 Sir James Eric Drummond - 1933–1940 Joseph Avenol - 1940–1946 Seán Lester Historical...
Paris 1919 redirects here. ...
Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire is direct consequence of the World War I with the Ottomans involvement in the Middle Eastern theatre. ...
The 1918 flu pandemic (commonly referred to as the Spanish flu) was a category 5 influenza pandemic caused by an unusually severe and deadly Influenza A virus strain of subtype H1N1. ...
The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking...
The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine, dealing with Bulgaria for its role as one of the Central Powers in World War I, was signed on the November 27, 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. ...
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new Republic of Austria on the other. ...
The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ...
The negotiations on June 4, 1920. ...
This article is about the Treaty of Versailles of June 28, 1919, which ended World War I. For other uses, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation) . The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was a peace treaty that officially ended World War I between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany. ...
Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting on the Allies side (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in gray. ...
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// During the 1890s, Russias industrial development led to a significant increase in the size of the urban bourgeoisie and the working class, setting the stage for a more dynamic political atmosphere and the development of radical parties. ...
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For a comprehensive list of the territories that formed the British Empire, see Evolution of the British Empire. ...
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Motto: Quaerite Prime Regnum Dei (Latin: Seek ye first the kingdom of God) Anthem: Ode to Newfoundland Capital St. ...
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// During the First World War, Smuts (right) and Botha were key members of the British Imperial War Cabinet. ...
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// Era Overview At the end of the Civil War, the United States was still bitterly divided. ...
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One of the first Serbian states, Raška, was founded in the first half of the 7th century on Byzantine territory by the Unknown Archont, the founder of the House of Vlastimirović; it evolved into the Serbian Empire under the House of Nemanjić. In the modern era Serbia has been...
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Monumento aos mortos da Primeira Guerra Mundial in Coimbra, Portugal Despite its old alliance with Britain, Portugal did not form a part of the system of alliances which became enemies in World War I and thus kept its neutrality during the first years of war. ...
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The history of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, after the arrival of the Slavs into that part of the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro. ...
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Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting on the Allies side (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in gray. ...
Kaiser Wilhelm II, Mehmed V, Franz Joseph: The three emperors of the Central Powers in World War I. European military alliances in 1914. ...
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During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers that ultimately lost the war. ...
Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...
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This article describes the process of dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, in particular its final years in the early part of the 20th century. ...
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More information on World War I:
 World War I from Wiktionary
 WWI Textbooks from Wikibooks
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Belligerents Ottoman Empire Balkan League: Bulgaria Greece Montenegro Serbia Commanders Nazim Pasha, Zekki Pasha, Essad Pasha, Abdullah Pasha, Ali Rizah Pasha Ivan Fichev, Vasil Kutinchev, Nikola Ivanov, Radko Dimitriev, Georgi Todorov Crown Prince Constantine, Panagiotis Danglis, Pavlos Kountouriotis King Nicholas I, Prince Danilo Petrović, Mitar Martinović, Janko Vukotić Radomir Putnik...
Combatants Bulgaria Greece Serbia Montenegro Romania Ottoman Empire Commanders Mihail Savov, Nikola Ivanov, Vasil Kutinchev, Radko Dimitriev King Constantine, Radomir Putnik, Crown Prince Ferdinand, Alexandru Averescu Strength 500,000 men Serbia 220,000 men, Romania 300,000 men, Greece 150,000 men, Montenegro 12,000 men The Second Balkan War...
The Maritz Rebellion or the Boer Revolt or the Five Shilling Rebellion1, occurred in South Africa in 1914 at the start of World War I, in which men who supported the recreation of the old Boer republics rose up against the government of the Union of South Africa. ...
Combatants Irish Volunteers, Irish Citizen Army, Irish Republican Brotherhood British Army Royal Irish Constabulary Commanders Patrick Pearse, James Connolly Brigadier-General Lowe General Sir John Maxwell Strength 1250 in Dublin, c. ...
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ...
Combatants Local Soviet powers led by Russian SFSR and Red Army Chinese mercenaries White Movement Central Powers (1917-1918): Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire German Empire Allied Intervention: (1918-1922) Japan Czechoslovakia Greece United States Canada Serbia Romania UK France Foreign volunteers: Polish Italian Local nationalist movements, national states, and decentralist...
Combatants Whites: White Guards, German Empire, Swedish volunteers Reds: Red Guards, Russian SFSR Commanders C.G.E. Mannerheim Ali Aaltonen, Eero Haapalainen, Eino Rahja, Kullervo Manner Strength 80,000–90,000 Finns, 550 Swedish volunteers, 13,000 Germans[1] 80,000–90,000 Finns, 4,000–10,000 Russians[1...
North Russia Campaign Arkhangelsk Oblast May 1918 – Sept 1919 Polar Bear Expedition Russian Civil War North Russia Relief Force // Introduction The North Russia Campaign (also known as the Northern Russian Expedition or the Allied Intervention in North Russia) was the involvement of international troops part of the Allied Intervention in...
Soldiers of the Great Polish Army Wielkopolska Uprising of 1918–1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918–19 roku) was a military insurrection of the Polish people in the Greater Poland region (also called the Grand Duchy of Poznań) against the German/Prussian forces. ...
Combatants Estonia, Finnish and Scandinavian volunteers, White Russians Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic Landeswehr Commanders Johan Laidoner Jukums VÄcietis Sergei Kamenev Rüdiger von der Goltz Strength 74,500 (Estonian Army), ca 4000 Finnish volunteers, White Russians, about 200-400 Scandinavians 160 000+ 9500 Casualties 5,600 killed 15...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Combatants Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Republic of Poland Ukrainian Peoples Republic Commanders Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Józef Piłsudski Edward Rydz-Śmigły Strength 950,000 combatants 5,000,000 reserves 360,000 combatants 738,000 reserves Casualties Dead estimated at 100,000...
Combatants Second Polish Republic Lithuania Commanders Adam Nieniewski Silvestras Žukauskas Strength ? ca. ...
Combatants Irish Republic United Kingdom Commanders Michael Collins Richard Mulcahy Cathal Brugha Important local IRA leaders Henry Hugh Tudor Strength Irish Republican Army c. ...
Combatants Turkish Revolutionaries United Kingdom Greece France Italy Armenia Ottoman Empire Georgia Commanders Mustafa Kemal İsmet İnönü Kazım Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy Fevzi Çakmak George Milne Henri Gouraud Papoulas Georgios Hatzianestis Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Süleyman Şefik Pasha The Turkish War of Independence (Turkish: Kurtuluş Savaşı or...
Combatants Greece Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Gen Leonidas Paraskevopoulos, Gen Anastasios Papoulas, Gen Georgios Hatzianestis Ali Fethi Okyar, İsmet İnönü, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Fevzi Çakmak Strength 200,000 men 120,000 men (plus village protectors) Casualties 23,500 dead; 20,820 captured 20,540 dead; 10,000 wounded The...
The Irish Civil War (June 28, 1922 – May 24, 1923) was a conflict between supporters and opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, which established the Irish Free State, precursor of todays Republic of Ireland. ...
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