The Somerset House Conference.

The Treaty of London, signed in 1604, concluded the 20-year Anglo-Spanish War. The terms were largely favourable to Spain, but also amounted to an acknowlegement by Spain that its hopes of bringing England under Spanish control were at an end. The negotiations took place at Somerset House in London and are sometimes known as the Somerset House Conference. Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links The_Somerset_House_Conference. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links The_Somerset_House_Conference. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588-08-08 by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, painted 1796, depicts the battle of Gravelines. ... Somerset House in London Somerset House in London Somerset House is a large building situated on the south side of The Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ...

After the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, her successors began negotiating an end to the bitter and costly conflicts that had characterized the later year of her rule. Besides the early successes at Cádiz and Gravelines in the 1580s, the war with Spain had not gone well for England. A massive fleet action had been repulsed off the coast of Portugal with heavy losses in 1589. Thousands of soldiers had been deployed against professional Spanish armies in France and Flanders with only marginal success. A Catholic guerilla war in Ireland (Nine Years War (Ireland)), occasionally supported by Spain, drained England of men, money and morale. England's treasury, sapped by the necessities of war and by the decades of funding Protestant rebels in France and the Spanish Netherlands, was depleted. Crop failures and plagues had also damaged the kingdom. Jump to: navigation, search Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. ... King James I of England/VII of Scotland, the first monarch to rule the Kingdoms of England and Scotland at the same time Events March 24 - Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England April... Jump to: navigation, search The Spanish Armada of Great/Grand Armada (Old Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, large and most fortunate fleet; but called by the English, with ironic intention, la Armada Invencible, the Invincible Fleet) was the largest fleet to date, sent by the Catholic King Philip II... Jump to: navigation, search Events and Trends The beginnings of the Golden Age of Literature in England Sir Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland as Englands first overseas colony in 1583 Francis Drake had come back from going around the world, bringing back with him many treasures. ... Jump to: navigation, search Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK... The English Armada (a name suggested by Wes Ulm of Harvard University) was the episode in the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585–1604 that followed upon the defeat and dispersal of the Spanish Armada (1588). ... Events Rebellion of the Catholic League against King Henry III of France, in revenge for his murder of Duke Henry of Guise. ... Flanders (Flemish, Fleming) (Dutch: Vlaanderen (Vlaams, Vlaming), French: Flandre(s), (flamand, flamand), German: Flandern, (flämisch, Flame) has two main designations: a constituent community of the federal Belgian state through its social and political organisations, and through the institutions of the Flemish Community (with its own Flemish government and Flemish... The Nine Years War in Ireland took place from 1594 to 1603 and is also known as Tyrones Rebellion. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... This article or section should be merged with Seventeen Provinces The Spanish Netherlands was a portion of the Low Countries controlled by Spain from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. ...

Furthermore, privateering efforts in the Spanish Main had been suppressed in recent years by improved Spanish defenses; both John Hawkins and Francis Drake died at sea during a disastrous attack on Puerto Rico in 1595. English offensives at sea, including an attempt to capture the Azores in 1597, met largely with failure. The Spanish Main was a name given to the Caribbean coast of the Spanish Empire in mainland Central and South America. ... Jump to: navigation, search John Hawkins (Disambiguation: you may be looking for Sir John Hawkins - the friend, attorney, executor and biographer of Dr. Samuel Johnson). ... Jump to: navigation, search Sir Francis Drake, c. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... Jump to: navigation, search Location Motto of the autonomous region: Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos (Portuguese: Rather die free than peacefully subjected) Official language Portuguese Capitals Ponta Delgada (Presidency of the autonomous government), Angra do Heroísmo (Supreme Court), Horta (Legislative Assembly) Other towns Praia da Vitória... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing “kreckett” (i. ...

In Spain, too, decades of incessant warfare against the Dutch rebels, the French and the English as well as guarding the Mediterranean against the Ottoman Empire, had taken its toll. By the 17th century, finances were exhausted by the need of maintaining Spain's famous but expensive professional army, a powerful navy, and the upgrading of port defences throughout the Spanish Habsburgs scattered empire, in Europe and around the world, leaving the Spanish economy in a shambles. The situation was aggravated by a large scale plague that had swept through Castile. English naval activity continued to frustrate Atlantic shipping, but with rapidly dwindling successes against the well protected trans-Atlantic convoys (flota), and suffered defeats against the greatly improved post-Armada Spanish navy. Cádiz was again attacked in 1596, causing terrific damage to the city, but this time the Anglo-Dutch forces came away empty handed, unable to sieze the better defended treasure fleet at port and the succesfully increased inflow of precious metals from America enabled Spain to sustain and even increase its wide ranging military efforts. Nevertheless despite having committed a significant fraction of Spain's military power against the Dutch, Phillip II was unable to completely subjugate the rebellious Dutch provinces, thereby remaining caught in an expensive, endless, military quagmire (Eighty Years War), and so Phillip III welcomed England's James I's pledge of non-intervention in Continental affairs, which had been the principal aim of the Spanish Armada of 1588. However Philip II's other goals of placing a Catholic monarch on the English throne (unlikely after the execution of the best contender in Mary I of Scotland) or at least winning official tolerance for English Catholics, were not to be realised. The Eighty Years War, or Dutch Revolt from 1568 to 1648 was the secession war in which the proto-Netherlands first became an independent country. ... Jump to: navigation, search Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... An empire (also known technically, abstractly or disparagingly as an imperium, and with powers known among Romans as imperium) comprises a set of regions locally ruled by governors, viceroys or client kings in the name of an emperor. ... Jump to: navigation, search Plague is usually understood as a generic term for Bubonic plague, the mortal disease caused by the bacillus Yersinia pestis, which is spread by fleas from rats and some species of mice to human beings. ... Jump to: navigation, search Flag or Pendón de Castilla A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ... Jump to: navigation, search Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the Spanish treasure fleets brought the wealth of the Spanish colonies in Central and South America to Spain, in the form of silver, gold, gems, spices, cocoa and other exotic goods. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Spanish Navy (in Spanish, Armada Española) is the navy of Spain. ... Jump to: navigation, search City nickname: Tacita de plata (little silver cup) Location Location within Spain Government Province Cádiz Mayor Teófila Martínez Physical characteristics Area      Land      Water 12. ... Events February 5 - 26 catholics crucified in Nagasaki, Japan. ... Philip II of Spain (1527 – September 13, 1598), King of Spain (r. ... Jump to: navigation, search The United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën, Republic of the Seven United Netherlands/Provinces — 1581–1795) was a European republic which is now known as the Netherlands. ... The Eighty Years War, or Dutch Revolt from 1568 to 1648 was the secession war in which the proto-Netherlands first became an independent country. ... Jump to: navigation, search James VI Charles Stuart of Scots and James I of England and Ireland (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland. ... Continental Europe refers to the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and peninsulae. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Spanish Armada of Great/Grand Armada (Old Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, large and most fortunate fleet; but called by the English, with ironic intention, la Armada Invencible, the Invincible Fleet) was the largest fleet to date, sent by the Catholic King Philip II... Mary, Queen of Scots is the name of: Mary I of Scotland, the former queen of France and Scotland executed by her cousin Elizabeth I of England Mary, Queen of Scots (movie), a 1971 film about that queen starring Vanessa Redgrave Mary, Queen of Scots (1969 book), a 1969 book...

England and Spain remained at peace until their forces met in 1654 during the Anglo-Spanish War and in the Franco-Spanish War. Jump to: navigation, search Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... Four wars between England and Spain are known as Anglo-Spanish Wars: The Anglo-Spanish War of 1585–1604 was part of the Eighty Years War and included the Spanish Armada, 1588. ... For the French feminist newspaper, see La Fronde The Fronde (1648–1653) was a civil war in France, followed by the Franco-Spanish War with Spain (1653–1659). ...

English delegation

• Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury (1563-1612), Secretary of State, James I's leading minister.
• Charles Blount, Earl of Devonshire (1563-1606), Soldier.
• Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset (1536-1608), Poet and Lord Treasurer.
• Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton (1540-1614), Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
• Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham (1536-1624), Lord High Admiral.

Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury (June 1, 1563 -May 24, 1612), son of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley and half-brother of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter, statesman, spymaster and minister to Elizabeth I of England and James I of England. ... Jump to: navigation, search In several countries, Secretary of State is a senior government position. ... See James VI of Scotland and I of England James I of Scotland James I of Aragon James I of Sicily James I of Cyprus This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devon and 8th Baron Mountjoy (1563 - April 3, 1606) served as Lord Deputy and as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland during the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras. ... Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset (1536 - 19 April 1608) was an English statesman and poet. ... The Lord High Treasurer bears a white staff as his symbol of office. ... Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton (1540 - June 15, 1614), was the second son of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, the poet, and of his wife, the former Lady Frances de Vere, daughter of the 15th Earl of Oxford, and was the younger brother of the 4th Duke of Norfolk. ... Flag of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports is a ceremonial official in the United Kingdom. ... Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham (1536-December 14, 1624) was a British statesman and admiral. ... For the international law of the sea, see Admiralty law. ...

Spanish delegation

The Spanish delegates weren't all Spaniards, some of them coming from the King of Spain's other territories.

• Charles de Ligne, Count of Aremberg,
• Juan de Velasco Frias, Duke of Frias, Constable of Castile.
• Jean Richardot, President of the Privy Council.
• Alessandro Robida, Senator of Milan.
• Louis Vereyken, Audencier of Brussels.
• Juan de Tassis, Count of Villa Mediana.