The Treaty of London, also called the Convention of 1839, was signed on April 19, 1839. In this treaty, the European powers recognised the independence and neutrality of Belgium. Its main historical significance was Article VII, which required Belgium to remain perpetually neutral, and by implication committed the signatory powers to guard that neutrality in the event of invasion. April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Single European Act A treaty is a binding agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. ... Neutrality: Neutrality in international law is the status of a nation that refrains from participation in a war between other states and maintains an impartial attitude toward the belligerents. ...

Territorial consequences

Since 1815, Belgium had been a part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. With the treaty, the southern provinces of the Netherlands became the Kingdom of Belgium, while the province of Limburg was split into Belgian and Dutch parts. The same happened to the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg which in turn was split into a Belgian part and the current Grand Duchy which was under a personal union with the Netherlands under King William III until 1867. Zeeuws-Vlaanderen was detached from Belgium as well and became part of the Dutch province of Zeeland because the Dutch did not want Belgium to have co-control of the Scheldt estuary. In return they had to guarantee the free navigation on the Scheldt into the Port of Antwerp. April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... Map of the kingdom United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815 - 1830) (1839) (Dutch: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, French: Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas and German: Vereinigte Königreich der Niederlande) were the unofficial names used to refer to a new unified European state created during the Congress of Vienna in... Limburg was one of the provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. ... The history of Luxembourg is inherently entwined with the histories of surrounding countries, peoples, and ruling dynasties. ... Motto: Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn(Luxembourgish) We wish to remain what we are Anthem: Ons Hémécht(Our Homeland) Royal anthem: De Wilhelmus 1 Luxembourg(circled) – on the European continent() – in the European Union() [] Capital (and largest city)  Luxembourg Official languages French, German, Luxembourgish (de jure... William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis of Orange-Nassau) (Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk van Oranje-Nassau, Koning der Nederlanden en Groothertog van Luxemburg in Dutch) (February 19, 1817 – November 23, 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Satellite image of the Scheldt delta Zeeuws-Vlaanderen is the part of the Netherlands on the left shore of the Scheldt river (here called Westerschelde), nr. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... The Scheldt (Dutch: Schelde, French Escaut) is a 350 km[1] long river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands. ... The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest ports in the world. ...

The Treaty of London also guaranteed Belgium the right of transit by rail or canal over Dutch territory as an outway to the German Ruhr. This right was reaffirmed in a May 24, 2005 ruling of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in a dispute between Belgium and the Netherlands on the Iron Rhine railway track. For the conurbation see Ruhr Area. ... May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), also known as the Hague Tribunal is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands. ... A section of the Iron Rhine, between Roermond and Mönchengladbach The Iron Rhine (Dutch: IJzeren Rijn / German: Eiserner Rhein) is a freight railway connecting the port of Antwerp in Belgium to Mönchengladbach in Germany by way of Neerpelt and the Dutch towns of Weert and Roermond. ...

Significance

Belgium's de facto independence had been established through nine years of intermittent fighting, the Belgian Revolution. The signatories of the treaty (the United Kingdom, Austria, France, Prussia, Russia, and the Netherlands) now officially recognised the independent Kingdom of Belgium, and (at the United Kingdom's insistence) agreed to its neutrality. Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830, Egide Charles Gustave Wappers (1834), in the Musée dArt Ancien, Brussels The Belgian Revolution was a conflict in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands that began with a riot in Brussels in August 1830 and eventually led to the establishment of... Motto: Suum cuique Latin: To each his own Prussia at its peak, as leading state of the German Empire Capital Königsberg, later Berlin Political structure Duchy, Kingdom, Republic Duke1  - 1525–68 Albert I  - 1688–1701 Frederick III King1  - 1701–13 Frederick I  - 1888–1918 William II Prime Minister1,2...

The treaty was an important document, especially in its role in bringing about World War I. When the German Empire invaded Belgium in August 1914 in violation of the treaty, the British declared war on August 4. Informed by the British ambassador that Britain would go to war with Germany over the latter's violation of Belgian neutrality, German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg infamously exclaimed that he could not believe that Britain and Germany would be going to war over a mere "scrap of paper". This article is becoming very long. ... Motto: Gott mit Uns (German: God with us”) Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Language(s) Official: German Unofficial minority languages: Polish (Posen, Lower Silesia,Upper Silesia, Masuria) French (Alsace-Lorraine) Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1871... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg (November 29, 1856–January 1, 1921) was a German politician and statesman who served as Chancellor of the German Empire from 1909 to 1917. ...

In reality, the German invasion led to Britain's decision to go to war for reasons that were felt in Britain to be more significant: it was considered inconceivable that Germany, with her expanding Navy, should be allowed to control Belgium's sea ports. On August 2, Kaiser William II unsuccessfully asked Moltke to cancel the invasion in order to keep Britain out of the war. Reichsmarine Jack The Reichsmarine was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and... Helmuth von Moltke Chief of the General Staff Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke (May 25, 1848–June 18, 1916), also known as Moltke the Younger, was a nephew of Field Marshal Count Moltke and served as the Chief of the German General Staff from 1906 to 1914. ...

See also

• List of treaties
• Treaties of London