The Treaty of San Ildefonso (formally titled the Preliminary and Secret Treaty between the French Republic and His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain, Concerning the Aggrandizement of His Royal Highness the Infant Duke of Parma in Italy and the Retrocession of Louisiana) was a secretly negotiated treaty between France and Spain in which Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France.
The treaty was concluded on October 1, 1800 between Alexandre Berthier representing France and Don Mariano Luis de Urquijo for Spain. The treaty was negotiated under some duress, as Spain was under pressure from Napoleon. The terms of the treaty did not specify the boundaries of the territory being returned, which later became a point of conflict between Spain and the United States after France sold the Louisiana Purchase to the U.S. in 1803.
This treaty also affirmed the earlier Treaty of Alliance signed at San Ildefonso on August 19, 1796. That treaty is sometimes also referred to as the Treaty of San Ildefonso.
The treaty was concluded on October 1, 1800 between Louis Alexandre Berthier representing France and Don Mariano Luis de Urquijo for Spain.
The treaty was negotiated under some duress, as Spain was under pressure from Napoleon.
The terms of the treaty did not specify the boundaries of the territory being returned, which later became a point of contention between Spain and the United States after France sold the Louisiana Purchase to the U.S. in 1803.
In addition to granting Florida to the United States, the treaty settled a boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Texas and firmly established the boundary of U.S. territory to the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
The treaty was negotiated by John Quincy Adams, the Secretary of State under U.S. President James Monroe, and the Spanish foreign minister Luis de OnÃs.
The treaty was concluded on February 22, 1819 in Washington, D.C. and ratifications were exchanged and the treaty proclaimed on February 22, 1821.
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