Treaty of Sztumska Wieś, wall painting from Kielce castle. Visible: bishop and chancellor Jakub Zadzik, Polish king Władysław IV Waza and hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski.

The Treaty of Sztumska Wieś, also known as the Armistice, Peace or Truce of Stuhmsdorf(f), was signed on 12 September 1635 between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden in the village of Stuhmsdorf (Sztumska Wieś), Royal Prussia, just south of Stuhm (Sztum). Sweden, weakened by its involvement in the Thirty Years' War, agreed to the terms that were mostly favourable to the Commonwealth in terms of territorial concessions. The Commonwealth regained many of the territories it had lost in the past decades of the Polish-Swedish War, but the Treaty was also beneficial to Sweden and her allies (France, England and the Dutch Republic), which wanted Sweden to be able to concentrate on the Thirty Years' War in Germany, without the need to worry about possible conflict with the Commonwealth. wall painting from Kielce Castle from 1635 Depicts Treaty of Szturmska Wieś in 1635 btween Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. ... wall painting from Kielce Castle from 1635 Depicts Treaty of Szturmska Wieś in 1635 btween Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. ... Kielce (pronounce: [ˈkjεlʦε]) is a city in central Poland with 202,609 inhabitants (2006). ... Categories: Chancellors | Polish bishops | Polish nobility | Stub ... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... Reign in Poland From November 8, 1632 until May 20, 1648 Reign in Russia From 1610 until 16351 Coronation On February 6, 1633 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Cecylia Renata Ludwika Maria Gonzaga Children with Cecylia Renata Zygmunt... Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Noble Family Koniecpolski Coat of Arms Pobóg Parents Aleksander Koniecpolski Anna Sroczycka Consorts Katarzyna Żółkiewska (1615) Krystyna Lubomirska (1619) Zofia OpaliÅ„ska (1656) Children Aleksander Koniecpolski Date of Birth 1590/1594 Place of Birth Koniecpol Date of Death March 11, 1646 Place of Death Brody StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski, (1590... Portal:Currentevents September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... Events February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Map of Royal Prussia Royal Prussia (Polish: Prusy Królewskie, German: Königliches Preussen) was the western part of two parts of Prussia, which previously were governed as one Lands of the Teutonic Order. ... Combatants Anti-Imperialists: Sweden, Denmark, Dutch Republic, France, Scotland and smaller German states Imperialists: Catholic League, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Austria, Bavaria, and smaller German states Commanders Frederick V Gustav II Adolf † Cardinal Richelieu Christian IV of Denmark Ferdinand II Ferdinand III Count-Duke Olivares Maximilian I The Thirty Years... The Polish-Swedish Wars refer to a series of wars between Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, in the wider meaning to the series of wars in which both Sweden and Poland participated between 1563 and 1721, in the narrower meaning to denote the two wars between 1600 and 1629. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital Winchester, then London from 11th century. ... Map of Dutch Republic by Joannes Janssonius United Netherlands redirects here. ... Combatants Anti-Imperialists: Sweden, Denmark, Dutch Republic, France, Scotland and smaller German states Imperialists: Catholic League, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Austria, Bavaria, and smaller German states Commanders Frederick V Gustav II Adolf † Cardinal Richelieu Christian IV of Denmark Ferdinand II Ferdinand III Count-Duke Olivares Maximilian I The Thirty Years...

Sides and motivations

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish side was not unified. The Polish king Władysław IV Waza, from the Swedish House of Vasa, wanted to regain the Swedish crown, which had been held and then lost by his father Sigismund III Vasa. As this was a daunting task, his less ambitious motivations were to gain fame and strengthen his position in the Commonwealth, where Golden Liberties made the king's position among the weakest in Europe. He hoped these goals would be achievable during the war and argued that the Commonwealth could gain more by warring with Sweden; however he was also not averse to peaceful resolution, if it was to give him what he wanted. He thought that the negotiations gave him the opportunity to trade in his right to the Swedish crown for a hereditary claim to one of the regained lands (here he was supported by primate of Poland, Jan Wężyk), and entrusted this matter to the Prussian mediators. Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... Reign in Poland From November 8, 1632 until May 20, 1648 Reign in Russia From 1610 until 16351 Coronation On February 6, 1633 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Cecylia Renata Ludwika Maria Gonzaga Children with Cecylia Renata Zygmunt... The Vasa Coat of Arms The House of Vasa was the Royal House of Sweden (1523-1654) and of Poland (1587-1668). ... Reign in Poland From September 18, 1587 until April 19, 1632 Reign in Sweden From November 17, 1592 until July 24, 1599 Elected in Poland On September 18, 1587 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation in Poland On December 27, 1587 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland... European redirects here. ... Archbishops of Gniezno and simultaneously Primates of Poland since 1412. ... Jan Wężyk (1575-1638) of Wąż Coat of Arms was the bishop of PrzemyÅ›l (from 1619/1620 until 1626) and archbishop of Gniezno, (from 1626), Primate of Poland and interrex (for 9 months) after the death of king Zygmunt III Waza in 1632, before the free election of...

The szlachta (Polish nobility) advisors to Władysław, representing the Polish parliament (Sejm), were not convinced that the war would be beneficial, although many (like kanclerz and bishop Jakub Zadzik, hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, and Royal Secretary and voivode Stanisław Lubomirski agreed that the Swedes had to leave Poland — by negotiations, if possible, by war, if necessary. Few however wished the war to continue for the sake of helping Władysław regain the Swedish crown, and as usual, there was much disagreement between allies of the king, who wanted to strengthen his power, and those who feared that any victory for the king would mean loss for the nobility. [Czapliński, 1974] Polish szlachcic. ... The Sejm building in Warsaw. ... Kanclerz (Polish for Chancellor, from latin:castellanus) was one of the highest officials in the historic Poland. ... Categories: Chancellors | Polish bishops | Polish nobility | Stub ... Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Noble Family Koniecpolski Coat of Arms Pobóg Parents Aleksander Koniecpolski Anna Sroczycka Consorts Katarzyna Żółkiewska (1615) Krystyna Lubomirska (1619) Zofia OpaliÅ„ska (1656) Children Aleksander Koniecpolski Date of Birth 1590/1594 Place of Birth Koniecpol Date of Death March 11, 1646 Place of Death Brody StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski, (1590... Voivode (as it is spelled in the Oxford English Dictionary), or less commonly voivod, is a Slavic word that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force. ... For other people with the name of StanisÅ‚aw Lubomirski, see StanisÅ‚aw Lubomirski. ...

Sweden

After the recent setbacks that Sweden and its allies suffered in Germany (such as the Battle of Nördlingen and the defection of Prince-Elector of Saxony), Sweden's negotiating position was somewhat weakened. The recent Polish victories against Muscovy and the Ottoman Empire made also many Swedes uneasy, as they reminded themselves that the Commonwealth was not a foe easy to defeat. Nonetheless the Swedes realised that their recent gains in Germany were much less easy to defend than the territories they captured from the Commonwealth in Prussia and Livonia, and so they were more ready to give up German than Prussian territories. They were however willing to give up their conquest in Prussia, but only if Władysław would renounce his claim to the Swedish crown, and they would retain their conquests in Livonia. Combatants Sweden Saxony Holy Roman Empire Spain Commanders Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar Gustav Horn Cardinal-Infante of Spain Ferdinand of Hungary Matthias Gallas Strength 16,300 infantry 9,300 cavalry 54 guns 20,000 infantry 13,000 cavalry 32 guns Casualties 13,000–15,000 dead or wounded 3,500... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stata Sakska) is at a land area of 18,413 km² and a population of 4. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah...

Sweden's position was also weakened by the disagreements within its government, as there was a power struggle between Swedish chancellor Axel Oxenstierna and his opponents in the Swedish Parliament. Some of these struggles led to leaks which gave leverage to the Polish side[1]. Count Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna   listen? or Oxenstjerna (June 16, 1583 - August 28, 1654), Lord High Chancellor of Sweden, was born at FÃ¥nö in Uplandia, and received his education with his brothers at the universities of Rostock, Jena and Wittenberg. ... The Riksdag or Sveriges Riksdag is the Parliament of Sweden. ...

International involvement

Many European powers were interested in the outcome of the negotiations, and they were also named as mediators by the 1629 Truce of Altmark, giving them ample opportunity to influence the outcome of the Polish-Swedish negotiations. For other uses, see Mediation Mediator is a book series written by Meg Cabot. ... A six-year Truce of Altmark was signed on September 25, 1629 at the German town of Altmark, near Danzig by Sweden and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during Thirty Years War. ...

France, England and Denmark

The peace between Poland and Sweden was also supported by French Cardinal Richelieu[2] [3], who wanted to weaken the Holy Roman Empire, using Sweden and German Protestants as a tool to keep Germany divided and embroiled in conflict. To this end, he needed Sweden to continue to take part in the Thirty Years' War and to ensure Poland's neutrality[4]. Richelieu had no wish to see Poland open a second front in Prussia, and thus he sent Claude d'Avaux[5], one of his trusted negotiators, there. Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Count Claude de Mesmes dAvaux (1595-1650) was a 17th century French diplomat and public administrator, one of French leadning diplomats in the first half of that century. ...

French efforts were supported by the Dutch and English ambassadors at the conference, and expedited by a lavish flow of money.[6] England sent the former military commander Sir George Douglas[7] with instructions to support Władysław, especially as at that time there were negotiations between the Commonwealth and England regarding the possible marriage between Władysław and an English princess (eventually futile). Netherlands envoys included Rochus van den Honaert, Andries Bicker and Joachim Andraee. Look up sir in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... George Douglas Brown (1869 - 1902), novelist, wrote The House with the Green Shutters, which gives a strongly outlined picture of the harder and less genial aspects of Scottish life and character. ...

Brandenburg-Prussia

George William of Brandenburg, Duke of Prussia and prince-elector of Brandenburg, was interested in peaceful resolution of the Polish-Swedish conflict, as he did not want his lands to be affected by a new round of warfare. Brandenburg mediators included Andreas Kreutz, Johan Georg Saucken and Peter Bergmann.[Czapliński, 1974] Georg Wilhelm Hohenzollern, elector of Brandenburg, duke of Prussia, was born 1595 in Berlin. ... The Prussian Tribute, oil on canvas by Jan Matejko, 1882, 388 x 875 cm, National Museum in Kraków. ... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ...   (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ...

Early negotiations

The negotiations started on 24 January 1635 in the Prussian village of Preussisch Holland (now Pasłek). Polish negotiators were led by bishop and chancellor Jakub Zadzik, and included hetman Krzysztof Radziwiłł, voivode of Bełsk Rafał Leszczyński, Crown referendarz Remigian Zaleski, starost of Dorpaty, Ernest Denhoff and starost of Stężyce, Abraham Gołuchowski. Swedish negotiators were led by Per Brahe (the younger) and included governor of Prussia, Herman Wrangel and advisors Sten Bielke, Achacy Axelson and Johan Nicodemi.[Czapliński, 1974] Categories: Chancellors | Polish bishops | Polish nobility | Stub ... Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... For his father of the same name, see Krzysztof MikoÅ‚aj Piorun RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Krzysztof Piorun RadziwÅ‚Å‚ Katarzyna TÄ™czyÅ„ska Consorts Anna Kiszka Children with Anna Kiszka Janusz RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Katarzyna RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Date of Birth March 22, 1585 Place of Birth  ? Date... RafaÅ‚ LeszczyÅ„ski (October 1579 - 29 March 1636) was a Polish noble. ... The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or The Republic of the Two Nations, Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów in Polish; Belarusian: Рэч Паспалі́тая) was a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, between 1569... The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or The Republic of the Two Nations, Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów in Polish; Belarusian: Рэч Паспалі́тая) was a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, between 1569... Count Per Brahe (February 18, 1602 - September 2, 1680) was a Swedish soldier and statesman. ... Are you kidding?, this is solid truth here, nothing escapes the eyes of Gov!!!, not even. ... Herman Wrangel Herman Wrangel (1584 or 1587-1643) was a Swedish soldier and politician of Baltic German extraction. ...

The early negotiations were unsuccessful, as both sides played delaying tactics, disputing the titles of their monarchs, and awaiting most of the international mediators (only Branderburg was present). Although Swedes expected that the delay would be to their benefit, Władysław played their refusal to negotiate to the Sejm, and, with the support of some magnates, like Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł (who advocated the expansion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy), the Sejm was convinced to vote for new, significant taxes. Even before the vote was passed Władysław gathered a new army of about 21 000 soldiers, sent Jerzy Ossoliński to gather Polish allies in non-occupied Prussia, and with the help of Danzig (Gdańsk) merchant Georg Hewel (Jerzy), bought 10 ships to be converted into warships, and established the 'Sea Commission' (Komisja Morska) led by Gerard Denhoff. Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents StanisÅ‚aw Pius RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Marianna Myszka Consorts Regina von Eisenreich Anna Krystyna Lubomirska Children none Date of Birth July 1, 1595 Place of Birth OÅ‚yka Date of Death November 12, 1656 Place of Death lt: Gdanskas Albrycht StanisÅ‚aw Radziwi... Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Noble Family OssoliÅ„ski Coat of Arms Topór Parents Jan Zbigniew Ossolinski Anna Firlej Consorts Izabella DaniÅ‚owicz Children with Izabella DaniÅ‚owicz Franciszek OssoliÅ„ski Urszula Brygida OssoliÅ„ska Helena Tekla OssoliÅ„ska Anna Teresa OssoliÅ„ska Date of Birth December 15, 1595 Place of Birth Sandomierz Date... GdaÅ„sk (IPA: ; German: , Kashubian: , Latin: ; older English Dantzig also other languages) is the sixth-largest city in Poland, and also its principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. ...

Later negotiations

Between the few months dividing Pr. Holland and Stuhmsdorf (now Pasłęk and Sztumska Wieś) negotiations, the military and political situation of Sweden further worsened, with more defeats in the field, and more allies defecting to the Holy Roman Empire. Now Swedes were much more willing to discuss their retreat from Prussia, and were much more wary of the war with Poland. By the end of March they were ready to accept most of the Polish terms.[Czapliński, 1974] The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ...

On 24 May the negotiations began in Stuhmsdorf (although actually Polish negotiators had their quarters in the nearby Jonasdorf (now Jankowiec), and Swedes in Marienwerder (now Kwidzyń). Foreign mediators arrived, Swedish negotiators were joined by Jacob De la Gardie, while on the Polish side Krzysztof Radziwłł was replaced by Jakub Sobieski.[Czapliński, 1974] Coat of Arms of Kwidzyn Flag of Kwidzyn For other places called Marienwerder, see Marienwerder (disambiguation) Kwidzyn (German Marienwerder) is a town in northern Poland on the Liwa River, with 39,300 inhabitants (1995). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Marek Sobieski Maria Snopkowska Consorts Marianna Wisniowiecka Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Children with Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Marek Sobieski Jan III Sobieski Katarzyna Sobieska Date of Birth May 5, 1590 Place of Birth Zółkiew Date of Death June...

After the first month and a half, the idea of a peace was discarded, and Swedes proposed to retreat from all Prussia for a 50-year truce if Władysław renounced his claims to the Swedish crown. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... == T.R.U.C.E == Teachers Resisting Unhealthy Childrens Entertainment. ...

Both the Polish magnates and the delegates of the petty nobility from local sejmiks saw no reason to fight when Sweden was offering them favourable concessions without any need for bloodshed and trade losses, which would surely occur if they pressed for war, especially considering the expenses of the recent two wars (the Smolensk War against Russia and the Polish-Ottoman War (1633-1634)), coupled with the unrest in the south-east provinces, where occasional Tatar raids, supported by the Ottomans, required a significant presence of the Polish forces.[Czapliński, 1974] Władysław, who had managed to gather significant forces on the border and 12 ships on the sea, was disappointed to realize that he now had almost no support among szlachta for the war (Krzysztof Radziwiłł was among the few left) - even though he himself had gained almost nothing from the treaty. Nonetheless he was eventually convinced by his advisors to sign the treaty without gaining almost anything for himself. For a wealthy or powerful business baron, executive, or tycoon, see business magnate Magnate is a title of nobility commonly used in Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and some other medieval empires. ... A sejmik (diminutive of the Polish sejm, or parliament) was a regional sejm in the pre-partition Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and earlier in the Kingdom of Poland. ... The Smolensk War was a conflict fought in the years 1632- 1634 between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy. ... Polish-Ottoman War of 1633-1634 refers to one of the many conflicts between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire and its vassals. ... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ...

The treaty eventually proved to be a partial disappointment to Swedish chancellor Axel Oxenstierna and a partial victory of his opponents in the Swedish Parliament[8], nonetheless Oxensierna, who was hoping the Swedish side would not be forced to so many concessions, succeeded to keep Sweden involved in the Germany's war despite many calls from the Parliament for complete withdrawal of Swedish forces from that area[9]. Count Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna   listen? or Oxenstjerna (June 16, 1583 - August 28, 1654), Lord High Chancellor of Sweden, was born at FÃ¥nö in Uplandia, and received his education with his brothers at the universities of Rostock, Jena and Wittenberg. ... The Riksdag or Sveriges Riksdag is the Parliament of Sweden. ...

George William's desire for a settlement giving him undisturbed possession of his Duchy of Prussia prevailed over the imperialist policy which, by Adam von Schwarzenberg's advice, he had followed in acceding to the Peace of Prague. The Treaty of Stuhmsdorf (Sztumska Wieś) left Brandenburg in full possession of Ducal Prussia; however, by liberating the Swedish troops under Lennart Torstenson which had been occupying Prussia and Livonia[10], it placed both Mecklenburg and Pomerania in the power of Sweden; the Treaty also jeopardised the prospect of the acquisition of Pomerania by the Brandenburg dynasty on the death, then imminent, of Duke Bogusław XIV (who would die in 1637[11]); and seriously threatened the security of the the country of Mark.[12] Therefore the treaty could be seen as a political mistake by George William, whose gains in the short-term were outweighed by his losses in the long-term[13]. The Prussian Tribute, oil on canvas by Jan Matejko, 1882, 388 x 875 cm, National Museum in Kraków. ... The Peace of Prague of 30 May 1635 was a treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, and most of the Protestant states of the Empire. ... Royal and Ducal Prussia in the second half of 16th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with its major subdivisions as of 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders Ducal Prussia, or the Duchy of Prussia (German: ; Polish: ), was a duchy established in 1525 in the eastern part of Prussia, as western... Count Lennart Torstenson (August 17, 1603 - April 7, 1651) was a Swedish soldier and military engineer and the son of Torsten Lennartson, commandant of Älvsborg Fortress. ... The coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western-Pommerania Mecklenburg is a geographical area located in Northern Germany. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ... Mark was a medieval territory in todays North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

Provisions of the treaty

The treaty signed on September 12 introduced an armistice for 26 and a half years. The armistice was an extension of the 1629 Treaty of Stary Targ (also known as Truce of Altmark). The Swedes retained part of Livonia (Inflanty) north of Daugava river and the town of Riga, but had to guarantee the Catholics inhabiting that area the right to worship. Further, they had to return to the Commonwealth the territories they occupied in Royal Prussia (ports of Elbing (Elbląg), Memel (Klaipėda) and Pillau (Piława), the latter returning to the duke of Prussia, George William of Brandenburg), withdrawing their garrisons from them, and ceded the right to collect tarriffs (3.5%) from the Polish trade through the Baltic Sea passing through Danzig (Gdańsk), which had been a sore spot to Polish szlachta, for whom the grain trade through Danzig was a major source of income. The Swedes also were to return the ships of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy they seized in the past years; however the Commonwealth Navy was forbidden from supporting enemies of Sweden[14]. A white flag is traditionally used to represent a truce. ... A six-year Truce of Altmark was signed on September 25, 1629 at the German town of Altmark, near Danzig by Sweden and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during Thirty Years War. ... Livonia (Latvian: Livonija; Estonian: Liivimaa; German: Livland; Swedish: Livland; Polish: Inflanty; Russian: Лифляндия or Lifljandija) once was the land of the Finnic Livonians, but came in the Middle Ages to designate a much broader territory controlled by the Livonian Order on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in present-day... River Daugava flowing through Riga city into the Baltic Sea The Daugava or Western Dvina (Latvian: Daugava, German Düna, Belarusan: Заходняя Дзьвіна, Russian: За́падная Двина́, Finnish Väinä) is a river rising in the Valdai Hills, flowing through Russia and Belarus, and then Latvia, draining into the Gulf of Riga, an arm of... Map of Latvia Coordinates: Founded 1201 Mayor Aivars Aksenoks Area    - City 307. ... Map of Royal Prussia Royal Prussia (Polish: Prusy Królewskie, German: Königliches Preussen) was the western part of two parts of Prussia, which previously were governed as one Lands of the Teutonic Order. ... Motto: none Voivodship Warmia-Masuria Municipal government Rada Miejska w Elblągu Mayor Henryk Słonina Area 83,32 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 130. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Baltiysk (Балтийск) – known prior to 1945 by its German name, Pillau – is a Russian sea port in the strait between Vistula Bay and Gdansk Bay, called Strait of Baltiysk on the territory of Kaliningrad Oblast with about 20,000 inhabitants. ... The Prussian Tribute, oil on canvas by Jan Matejko, 1882, 388 x 875 cm, National Museum in Kraków. ... Georg Wilhelm Hohenzollern, elector of Brandenburg, duke of Prussia, was born 1595 in Berlin. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... GdaÅ„sk (IPA: ; German: , Kashubian: , Latin: ; older English Dantzig also other languages) is the sixth-largest city in Poland, and also its principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

The treaty would be broken by Sweden during their invasion of the Commonwealth in 1655. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

References

• Records of Inhabitants of Stuhmsdorf (Stuhm) in Prussia
• Władysław Czapliński, Władysława IV i jego czasy (Władysław IV and his times), Poland, 1974
• SZTUMSKA WIEŚ Entry in Polish PWN Encyclopedia
• A.W. Ward THE LATER YEARS OF THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR. (1635-48.)