The Treaty of Wehlau (German: Vertrag von Wehlau; Polish: Traktat Welawski) was a treaty signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau (Welawa, now Znamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast) between Poland and Brandenburg-Prussia during the Swedish Deluge on September 19, 1657.
Johann von Hoverbeck was one of the German diplomats during negotiations of the Treaty of Wehlau.
The treaty was amended by the Treaty of Bydgoszcz of November 6, 1657 and confirmed by the Treaty of Oliva in 1660.
Taking advantage of the difficult position of Poland against Sweden later during the Northern Wars, George William's successor Frederick William managed to obtain a discharge of his vassal obligations to king Ladislaus IV of Poland.
By the Treaty of Wehlau in 1657 the duchy was granted full sovereignty, however the rights of the Polish Crown meant that it would still legally revert back if the Hohenzollern dynastic line became extinct.
The location of the Duchy of Prussia outside the Holy Roman Empire allowed Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg to become "king in Prussia" in 1701 without offending the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I.
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