Treaty ports were port cities in China, Japan and Korea opened to foreign trade by the so-called Unequal Treaties, i.e. imposed by western naval powers and Japan on militarily helpless Asian states. ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... The Unequal Treaties (Chinese: 不平等條約 Korean:불평등조약) is the name in the English language used by modern China for a series of treaties signed by several Asian states, including the Qing Empire in China, late Tokugawa Japan, and late Joseon Korea, and foreign powers (Chinese: 列強 Korean:열강) during the 19th and early 20th...

The first five treaty ports in China were established at the conclusion of the First Opium War by the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. The second group was set up following the end of the Arrow War in 1860 and eventually more than 80 treaty ports were established in China alone, as well as more in other East Asian nations. The First Opium War was a trade-inspired war between the Great Britain and the Qing Empire in China from 1839 to 1842. ... Nanking, August 29, 1842, Peace Treaty between the Queen of Great Britain and the Emperor of China The Treaty of Nanking (南京條約) is the agreement which marked the end of the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ...

Foreigners, who were centred in foreign sections, newly built on the edges of existing port cities, enjoyed legal extraterritoriality as stipulated in unequal treaties. Foreign clubs, race courses, and churches were established in major treaty ports. Some of these port areas were directly leased by foreign powers, effectively removing them from the control of local governments. Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. ... The Unequal Treaties (Chinese: 不平等條約 Korean:불평등조약) is the name in the English language used by modern China for a series of treaties signed by several Asian states, including the Qing Empire in China, late Tokugawa Japan, and late Joseon Korea, and foreign powers (Chinese: 列強 Korean:열강) during the 19th and early 20th...

Japan opened two ports to foreign trade, Shimoda and Hakodate, in 1853 (U.S.-Japan Friendship Treaty), and designated five ports, Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Hakodate, and Niigata, in 1858 (U.S.-Japan Friendship and Commerce Treaty). Shimoda is the name of several places or a character. ... View of Hakodate from Mountain Hakodate (函館市; -shi) is a city and port located in Oshima, Hokkaido, Japan. ... Yokohama (Japanese: 横浜市; -shi) is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. ... Kobe (Japanese: 神戸市; kōbe-shi) is a city in Japan, located on the island of Honshu. ... Megane-bashi (Spectacles Bridge) Nagasaki ) (help· info), literally long peninsula, is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture. ... View of Hakodate from Mountain Hakodate (函館市; -shi) is a city and port located in Oshima, Hokkaido, Japan. ... Niigata is the name of several places, times and things: Niigata City Niigata Prefecture This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Major treaty ports in China

• Shanghai (1892)
• Jiangsu Province: Nanjing (1858), Zhenjiang
• Jiangxi Province: Jiujiang
• Hubei Province: Hankou (1858), Shashi, Yichang
• Hunan Province: Changsha, Yuezhou
• Sichuan Province: Chongqing
• Zhejiang Province: Ningbo=Ningpo (1842), Wenzhou
• Fujian Province: Fuzhou (1842), Amoy=Xiamen (1842)
• Taiwan Province: Danshui (1858), Tainan
• Guangdong Province: Guangzhou=Kanton (1842), Shantou, Sanshui, Haikou
• Guangxi Province: Beihai, Nanning
• Yunnan Province: Mengzi, Simao, Dengyue
• Shandong Province: Yantai
• Hebei Province: Tianjin
• Liaoning Province: Niuzhuang (1858) (later, Yingkou), Shenyang
• Jilin Province: Changchun, Hunchun
• Heilongjiang Province: Harbin, Aihun, Manzhouli

Shanghai (Chinese: 上海 pinyin: (help· info); Shanghainese: Zanhe ) , situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta, is Chinas largest city. ... Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江苏; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; pinyin: Jiāngsū; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Nan-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Nanking), is the capital of Chinas Jiangsu Province and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and culture. ... Categories: China geography stubs | Cities in China ... Jiangxi (Chinese: 江西; pinyin: Jiāngxī; Wade-Giles: Chiang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the Peoples Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze) in the north into hillier areas in the south. ... Categories: China geography stubs | Cities in China ... Not to be confused with the unrelated province of Hebei Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; pinyin: Húběi; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei, also seen as Hupeh), abbreviated to 鄂 (pinyin: È, WG: O), a province of the Peoples Republic of China, lies to the north of the Dongting Lake, giving it the... Hankou (漢口; pinyin: Hànkǒu; Wade-Giles: Hankow) is one of the three towns, together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei province, in China. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Yichang (Chinese: 宜昌; pinyin: Yíchāng) is a city in the Hubei province of China. ... Not to be confused with the unrelated provinces of Hainan and Henan Hunan (湖南; pinyin: Húnán) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of the Dongting Lake (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is sometimes called... Changsha (Simplified Chinese: 长沙; Traditional Chinese: 長沙; pinyin: Ch ng shā; Wade-Giles: Chang-sha) is the capital of Hunan, a province of Southcentral China, located on the lower reaches of Xiangjiang river, a branch of Chang Jiang. ... Sichuan (Chinese: 四川; pinyin: Sìchuān; Wade-Giles: Ssu-ch`uan; non-standard transliteration: Szechwan) is a province in central-western China with its capital at Chengdu. ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: 重庆; Traditional Chinese: 重慶; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ... Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; pinyin: Zhèjiāng; Wade-Giles: Che-chiang; Postal System Pinyin: Chehkiang or Chekiang) is a eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ningbo (Simplified Chinese: 宁波; Traditional Chinese: 寧波; pinyin: Níngbō; Wade-Giles: Ning-po; literally Tranquil Waves) is a seaport sub-provincial city in the Zhejiang province of China. ... Wenzhous Ruian District Wenzhou (Simplified Chinese: 温州; Traditional Chinese: 溫州; pinyin: ) is a city located in the southeastern corner of Zhejiang Province in China. ... Fujian (Chinese: 福建; pinyin: Fújiàn; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal System Pinyin: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of China. ... Fuzhou (Chinese: 福州; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chou; EFEO: Fou-Tcheou; SLC: Hùk-cieu; also seen as Foochow or Fuchow) is the provincial seat and the largest prefecture-level city of Fujian province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Xiamen (Simplified Chinese: 厦门; Traditional Chinese: 廈門; pinyin: Xiàmén; Wade_Giles: Hsiamen) is a coastal sub_provincial city in Fujian Province, southern China. ... Taiwan Province can refer to an existing administrative division under the government of the Republic of China or the claimed 23rd province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Lover Bridge of Tamsui/ taken by Liyu/ 7 July, 2004 Tamsui (Chinese: 淡水, Taiwanese: Tām-súi/Tām-chúi, Tongyong Pinyin: Danshuei, Hanyu Pinyin: Danshui) is a sea-side town in Taipei County, Taiwan Province, Republic of China. ... Tainan redirects here; for the county of the same name see Tainan County Tainan (Chinese: 台南; Hanyu Pinyin: Táinán, Wade-Giles: Tai-nan; POJ: Tâi-lâm) is a city located in southern Taiwan and is the fourth largest after Taipei, Kaohsiung and Taichung. ... Guangdong (Simplified Chinese: 广东; Traditional Chinese: 廣東; pinyin: Guǎngdōng; Wade-Giles: Kuang-tung; Kwangtung in older transliteration; Cantonese: gwong2 dung1), is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Location within China Canton, China redirects here. ... The historic quarter of Shantou, which features both Western and Chinese architecture Shantou (Simplified Chinese: 汕头; Traditional Chinese: 汕頭; Hanyu Pinyin: ; POJ: Sòaⁿ-thau; also seen as Swátōw or Suátao) is a city of 784,000 in coastal eastern Guangdong Province, China. ... Sanshui ((三水, three waters, Pinyin:SānshÇ”i) is a city with about 120,000 inhabitants in Guangdong province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Haikou (Chinese: 海口; pinyin: ), situated at the north of Hainan island, is the capital of Hainan Province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Guangxi (Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; pinyin: Guǎngxī; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi) is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Beihai (Chinese: 北海; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Pei-hai), former romanization Pakhoi, is a prefecture-level city of Guangxi, China. ... Nanning in the evening Nanning (Simplified Chinese: 南宁; Traditional Chinese: 南寧; pinyin: ) is the capital of Guangxi autonomous region in southern China. ... Yunnan (Simplified Chinese: 云南; Traditional Chinese: 雲南; pinyin: Yúnnán) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. ... Mencius (most accepted dates: 372 BC – 289 BC; other possible dates: 385 BC – 303 BC or 302 BC) was born in the State of Zou (鄒國), now forming the territory of the county-level city of Zoucheng (邹城市), Shandong province, only 30 km (18 miles) south of Qufu, the town... Simão Sabrosa (Simão for short) is a midfielder who plays for the Portugal national football team and SL Benfica. ... Shandong (Simplified Chinese: 山东; Traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... Yantai (Simplified Chinese: 烟台; Traditional Chinese: 煙台; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Not to be confused with the unrelated province of Hubei Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: Hébĕi; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh), is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tianjin (Chinese: 天津; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Postal System Pinyin: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Liaoning (Simplified Chinese: 辽宁; Traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: Liáoníng) is a northeastern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Yingkou (Simplified Chinese: 营口; Traditional Chinese: 營口; Pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, in northeastern China. ... Yingkou (营口; pinyin: Yíngkǒu shì) is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, in northeastern China. ... Location within China Major districts of Shenyang. ... Jilin (Chinese: 吉林; pinyin: Jílín; Wade-Giles: Chi-lin; Postal System Pinyin: Kirin), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... Location within China Changchun (Simplified Chinese: 长春; Traditional Chinese: 長春; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang-chun) is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located at the northeast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Heilongjiang (Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江省; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江省; pinyin: Hēilóngjiāng; Postal System Pinyin: Heilungkiang) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... Harbin (Simplified Chinese: 哈尔滨; Traditional Chinese: 哈爾濱; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ha-erh-pin; Russian Харби́н Kharbin) is a sub-provincial city and the capital of the Heilongjiang Province in north-east China. ... Manzhouli (Chinese: 满洲里, Mongolian: manÇ°uur) is a sub-prefecture-level city located in Hulunbuir prefecture-level city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Leased territories

In these the foreign powers obtained, under a lease treaty, not only the right to trade and exemptions for their subjects, but a truly colonial control over each concession (territory), de facto annexation: A concession is a territory within one country that is administered by another country. ...

• Guandongzhou Leased Territory (today's Dalian), leased by the Russian Empire and later by Japan
• Weihai in Shandong Province, leased by Britain
• Qingdao in Shandong Province, leased by Germany
• The New Territories adjoining the original perpetual Hong Kong concession and its 1860 Kowloon extension, but this time leased by Britain
• Guangzhouwan Leased Territory in Guangdong Province (today's Zhanjiang), leased by France

The Kwantung Leased Territory (Chinese: 关东州, Guandongzhou, Japanese: 関東州; Kantoushu) was a composite territory in historic Eastern Manchuria that existed in the first half of the 20th century, from 1898 through 1945. ... Dalian (Simplified Chinese: 大连; Traditional Chinese: 大連; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ta-lien), or Dalny (during Russian controlled periods, aka Dairen during Japanese periods, or from Mid-century (Jointly administered by both USSR/PRC) formerly also Lüda or Luta), is the second of two strategic ice-free seaports on the Liaodong... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Weihai (威海; pinyin: wēihǎi, also Weihaiwei) is a seaport city on the Bohai Gulf in north-east Shandong province, China. ... Qingdao â–¶ (help· info) (Simplified: 青岛; Traditional: 青島; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-tao), well-known to the West by its Postal System Pinyin transliteration Tsingtao, is a sub-provincial city in eastern Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... A major road, Kwong Fuk Road in Tai Po, a town in the New Territories. ... Kwang-Chou-Wan (廣州灣) was a small enclave of France on the south coast of China. ... Location of Zhanjiang Zhanjiang (湛江) is a city in Guangdong province, in southeast China. ...

List from the Catholic Encyclopaedia

In the early 20th century, these were the treaty ports (many name forms differ from other Western sources, as usual):

I. Northern Ports

• New-chwang, in the imperial Shen-king province, in Manchuria, in accordance with British Treaty of T'ien-tsin, 1858; custom office opened 9 May, 1864; Chinese population, 74,000.
• Ching-wang-tao, in Chi-li province, also in Manchuria, in accordance with imperial decree, 31 March, 1898; opened 15 December 1901; Chinese population, 5,000.
• T'ien-tsin, also in Chi-li, in accordance with British and French Peking Conventions, 1860; opened May, 1861; Chinese population, 750,000.
• Che-fu, in Shang-tung, in accordance with British and French treaties of T'ien-tsin, 1858; opened March, 1862; Chinese population, 100,000.
• Kiao-chou, also in Shang-tung, German Convention, 6 March, 1898; opened 1 July, 1899.

II. Yangtze river Ports Extent of Manchuria according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: 满洲; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a name given to a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ... Tianjin (Chinese: 天津; Pinyin: ; Postal System Pinyin: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Length 6,380 km Elevation of the source  ? m Average discharge 31,900 m³/s Area watershed 1,800,000 km² Origin Qinghai Province and Tibet Mouth East China Sea Basin countries China The Chang Jiang (Simplified Chinese: 长江; Traditional Chinese: 長江; pinyin: Cháng Jiāng; Wade-Giles: Chang Chiang...

• Ch'ung-k'ing, in Sze-ch'wan province; opened November 1890; Chinese population, 702,000.
• I-ch'ang, in Hu-pe, in accordance with Che-fu Convention, 1876; opened 1 April, 1877; Chinese population, 50,000.
• Sha-shi, also in Hu-pe, treaty of Shimoneseki, 1895; opened 1 October, 1876; Chinese population, 85,000.
• Chang-sha, in Hu-nan, opened 1 July, 1904; Chinese population, 230,000.
• Yo-chou, also in Hu-nan, imperial decree of 31 March, 1898; opened 13 Nov., 1899; Chinese population, 20,000.
• Han-kou, also in Hu-pe, provincial regulations, 1861; opened January 1862; Chinese population, 530,000.
• Kiu-kiang, in Kiang-si, same regulations; opened January 1862; Chinese population, 36,000.
• Wu-hu, in Ngan-hwei, Che-fu Convention, 1876; opened 1 April, 1877; Chinese population, 123,000.
• Nan-king, in Kiang-su, French Treaty of T'ien-tsin, 1858; opened 1 May, 1899; Chinese population, 261,000.
• Chin-kiang, also in Kiang-su, British Treaty, 1858; opened April, 1861; Chinese population, 170,000.

III. Central Ports Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: 重庆; Traditional Chinese: 重慶; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ... Sichuan (Chinese: 四川; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ssu-ch`uan; Postal Pinyin: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in central-western China with its capital at Chengdu. ... Yichang (Chinese: 宜昌; pinyin: Yíchāng) is a city in the Hubei province of China. ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Jingzhou (Simplified Chinese: 荆州; Traditional Chinese: 荊州; Pinyin: ) is a city in the Hubei province of the Peoples Republic of China, on the banks of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). ... Changsha (Simplified Chinese: 长沙; Traditional Chinese: 長沙; pinyin: Ch ng shā; Wade-Giles: Chang-sha) is the capital of Hunan, a province of Southcentral China, located on the lower reaches of Xiangjiang river, a branch of Chang Jiang. ... Hunan (Chinese: 湖南; Pinyin: ) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is sometimes called 湘 (pinyin: Xiāng) for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. ... Hankou (Simplified Chinese: 汉口; Traditional Chinese: 漢口; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hankow) is one of the three towns, together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei province, China. ... ... Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江苏; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; pinyin: Jiāngsū; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ...

• Shanghai, in Kiang-su province, Nan-king Treaty, 1842; opened officially 17 November 1843; Chinese population, 651,000.
• Su-chou, also in Kiang-su, Shimonoseki Treaty; opened 26 September 1896; Chinese population 500,000.
• Hang-chou, in Che-kiang, Shimonoseki Treaty; opened 26 September 1896; Chinese population 350,000.
• Ning-po, in ??, Shimonoseki Treaty; opened 26 Sept, 1896; Chinese population 500,000.
• Wen-chou, also in Che-kiang, Che-Fu Convention, 1876; opened April, 1877; Chinese population, 80,000.

IV. South Coast Ports Shanghai (Chinese: 上海 pinyin: (help· info); Shanghainese: Zanhe ) , situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta, is Chinas largest city. ... Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江苏; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; pinyin: Jiāngsū; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... Hangzhou (Chinese: 杭州; pinyin: Hángzhōu; Wade-Giles: Hang-chou) is a sub-provincial city in China, and the capital of Zhejiang province. ... Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; pinyin: Zh jiāng; Wade-Giles: Che-chiang; Postal System Pinyin: Chehkiang or Chekiang) is a eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ningbo (Simplified Chinese: 宁波; Traditional Chinese: 寧波; pinyin: Níngbō; Wade-Giles: Ning-po; literally Tranquil Waves) is a seaport sub-provincial city in the Zhejiang province of China. ...

• San-tuao, in Fu-kien province, imperial decree of 31 March, 1898; opened 1 May , 1899; Chinese population 8000.
• Fu-chou, also in Fu-kien, Nan-king Treaty, 1842; opened July, 1861; Chinese population 624,000.
• Amoy, also in Fu-kien, Nan-king Treaty, 1842; opened April, 1862; Chinese population 114,000.
• Canton=Kanton, in the homonymous provnce Kwang-tung, Nan-king Treaty, 1842; opened October 1859; Chinese population 900,000.
• Kow-loon, also in Kwang-tung; opened April, 1887;
• Lappa, again in Kwang-tung; opened 27 June, 1871;
• Kong-moon, in Kwang-tung; opened 7 March, 1904; Chinese population, 55,000.
• San-shui, also in Kwang-tung; Anglo-Chinese Convention, 4 February 1897; opened 4 June, 1897; Chinese population, 5000.
• Swatow, also in Kwang-tung, English, French, and American Treaty of T'ien-tsin, 1858; opened January 1860; Chinese population 65,000.
• Wu-chou, in Kwang-si; same convention; opened 4 June, 1897; Chinese population, 59,000.
• Kiung-chou (Hoy-hou), on? Hai-nan *, in? Kwang-tung; French, and English Treaties of T'ien-tsin, 1858; opened April, 1876; Chinese population, 38,000.
• Pak-hoi, also in Kwang-tung; Che-fu Convention, 1876; opened April, 1877; Chinese population, 20,000.

V. Frontier Ports Fujian (Chinese: 福建; pinyin: Fújiàn; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal System Pinyin: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of China. ... Fuzhou (Chinese: 福州; pinyin: Fúzhōu; Wade-Giles: Fu-chou; also seen as Foochow or Fuchow) is a city on the coast of China, the largest city in and capital of Fujian province. ... Xiamen (Simplified Chinese: 厦门; Traditional Chinese: 廈門; pinyin: Xiàmén; Wade_Giles: Hsiamen) is a coastal sub_provincial city in Fujian Province, southern China. ... ... Lappa (Greek, Modern: Λάππα, Ancient/Katharevousa: -s), rarely Lapa is a community in the western part of Achaea in Greece. ... Sanshui (三水, three waters, pinyin: SānshÇ”i) is a city with about 120,000 inhabitants in Guangdong province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Historic section of Shantou, China with both Western and Chinese architecture Shantou (Simplified: 汕头, Traditional: 汕頭 Pinyin: Shan4tou2), transliterated in Min Chinese as Swatow or Suatao, is a city of 784,000 in coastal eastern Guangdong Province, China. ...

• Lung-chou, in Kwang-si province; French Treaty, 25 June, 1887; opened 1 June, 1899; Chinese population, 12,000.
• Meng-tze, in Yun-nan; French Treaty, 1887; opened 30 April, 1889; Chinese population, 15,000.
• Sze-mao, also in Yun-nan; French Convention, 1895; British, 1896; opened 2 Jan, 1897; Chinese population, 15,000.
• Ten-yueh or Momein, also in Yun-nan; Convention of 4 February 1897; opened 8 May, 1902; Chinese population, 10,000.
• Ya-tung, in (?) Tibet; opened 1 May, 1894.
• Nan-ning, also in Kwang-si, opened by imperial decree, 3 February 1899, but had not (yet?) a customs office.

According to the customs statistics, 6,917,000 Chinese inhabited the treaty ports in 1906. The foreign population included 1837 firms and 38,597 persons (American 3447, British 9356, Japanese 15,548, French 2189, German 1939, Portuguese 3184, Italians 786, Spaniards 389, Belgians 297, Austrians 236, Russians 273, Danes 209, Dutch 225, Brazilians 16, Koreans 47, Norwegians 185, Swedes 135, subjects of non-treaty powers 236). Mencius (most accepted dates: 372–289 BCE; other possible dates: 385–BC/302 BCE), also known by his birth name Meng Ke or Ko, was born in the State of Zou (鄒國), now forming the territory of the county-level city of Zoucheng (邹城市), Shandong province, only thirty kilometres (eighteen miles) south... Yunnan (Simplified Chinese: 云南; Traditional Chinese: 雲南; Pinyin: ) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. ... Simao (Chinese: 思茅; pinyin: Sīmáo) is a prefecture-level city in Southern Yunnan province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tengyue is a city in China in the southwest of Yunnan province, Baoshan prefecture, county of Tengchong. ... Tengyue is a city in China in the southwest of Yunnan province, Baoshan prefecture, county of Tengchong. ... Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: བོད་, Bod, pronounced pö in Lhasa dialect; Chinese: 西藏, pinyin: Xīzàng or 藏区 Zàngqū [the two names are used with different connotations; see Name section below]) is a region in Central Asia and the home of the Tibetan people. ... position in Guangxi Nanning (Simplified Chinese: 南宁; Traditional Chinese: 南寧; Pinyin: ) is the capital of Guangxi autonomous region in southern China. ...

Sources and External links

This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia. [[1]] The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia (also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia today) is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the The Encyclopedia Press, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11...

• Treaty ports and extraterritoriality in China, 1921–22
• WorldStatesmen- China