The application of genetic principles to the genetic improvement and management of forest trees.
A typical forest tree breeding program starts with selection of superior phenotypes (plus trees) in a natural or planted forest. This improves the genotypes somewhat. Offspring is obtained from selected trees and grown in test plantations. Based on such tests the best genotypes among the parents can be selected. Selected trees are multiplied by grafting and seed orchards are established. The phenotype of an individual organism is either its total physical appearance and constitution, or a specific manifestation of a trait, such as size or eye color, that varies between individuals. ... The genotype is the specific genetic makeup (the specific genome) of an individual, usually in the form of DNA. It codes for the phenotype of that individual. ... In horticulture, a graft is where the tissues of one plant are affixed to the tissues of another; the process is called grafting. ...
Silviculture, a related science, involves the growing and tending of trees and forests.
These may call for reforestation (tree planting by species), weed control, fertilization, or the spacing of young trees (thinning of trees that are crowding one another).
One of the applications of modern forestry is reforestation, in which trees are planted and tended in a given area.
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