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Triad (Traditional Chinese: 三合會; Simplified Chinese: 三合会; Pinyin: Sānhéhuì; literally "Triad Society") or (Traditional Chinese: 黑社會; Simplified Chinese: 黑社会; Pinyin: Hēishèhuì; literally "Black Society", a general term for criminal organizations) is a term that describes many branches of Chinese underground society and/or organizations based in Hong Kong and Macau and also operating in Taiwan, mainland China, and countries with significant Chinese populations such as Malaysia, Singapore and also Chinatowns in Europe, North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ...
Simplified Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: or ; Traditional Chinese: or ; pinyin: or ) is one of two standard sets of Chinese characters of printed contemporary Chinese written language, simplified from traditional Chinese by the Peoples Republic of China in an attempt to promote literacy. ...
Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), commonly called Pinyin, is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ...
Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ...
Simplified Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: or ; Traditional Chinese: or ; pinyin: or ) is one of two standard sets of Chinese characters of printed contemporary Chinese written language, simplified from traditional Chinese by the Peoples Republic of China in an attempt to promote literacy. ...
Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), commonly called Pinyin, is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Organized crime. ...
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For other uses, see Chinatown (disambiguation). ...
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Their activities include drug trafficking, contract murder, money laundering, illegal gambling, prostitution, car theft, extortion, and other forms of racketeering. A major source of triad income today comes from the counterfeiting of intellectual property such as computer software, music CDs and movie VCDs/DVDs. They also trade in bootleg tobacco products. Retail selling Street selling is the bottom of the chain and can be accomplished through purchasing from prostitutes, through cloaked retail stores or refuse houses for users in the act located in red-light districts which often also deal in paraphernalia, dealers marketing merriment at night clubs and other events...
A contract killing (also contract murder or murder-for-hire) is a murder in which the killer is hired by another person to kill for material reward, usually money. ...
Money laundering is the practice of engaging in financial transactions in order to conceal the identity, source and destination of the money in question. ...
The term gambling has had many different meanings depending on the cultural and historical context in which it is used. ...
Whore redirects here. ...
Extortion is a criminal offense, which occurs when a person either obtains money, property or services from another through coercion or intimidation or threatens one with physical harm unless they are paid money or property. ...
Organized crime is crime carried out systematically by formal criminal organizations. ...
For other uses, see Counterfeit (disambiguation). ...
For the 2006 film, see Intellectual Property (film). ...
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DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc storage media format that can be used for data storage, including movies with high video and sound quality. ...
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Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in genus Nicotiana. ...
History of triads
Precursor to triads — Tian Di Hui The Triads were started as a resistance to the Manchu Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. In the 1760s, a society called the 天地會 Tian Di Hui (Heaven and Earth Society) was formed in China. Its purpose was to overthrow the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty and restore Han Chinese rule. As the Tiandihui spread through different parts of China, it branched off into many groups and became known by many names, one of which was "Sanhehui" (Chinese: 三合會; Pinyin: sānhéhuì; Yale Cantonese: saam1 hap6 wui2), literally "Three Harmonies Society", referring to the unity between Heaven, Earth, and Man. The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: , Mongolian: Манж) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeast China). ...
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The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun; Mongolian: Манж Чин), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling Chinese Dynasties. ...
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The Tiandihui (Chinese: 天地會; pinyin: ; Yale Cantonese: tin1 dei6 wui2; literally Heaven and Earth Society) is a fraternal organization that originated in China. ...
The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: , Mongolian: Манж) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeast China). ...
The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun; Mongolian: Манж Чин), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling Chinese Dynasties. ...
Languages Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ...
Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), commonly called Pinyin, is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ...
The Yale romanizations are four systems created during World War II for use by United States military personnel. ...
These societies accordingly made use of the triangle in their imagery usually accompanied with swords or Kwan Kung the God of War. The name "triad" was coined by British authorities in Hong Kong, referring to that use of triangular imagery.
Post-Imperial developments Over several centuries, what are known as triads today developed from a patriotic society to a criminal organization. Following the overthrowing of the Qing Dynasty of China in 1911, the Hung society (洪門) suddenly found themselves lost without purpose. Worse still, they somehow managed to miss out on the opportunity to participate in the actual uprising, and many of them were left angry and depressed. Unable to revert to normal civilian lives after spending years living as outlawry, grave danger and extreme violence, many ex-rebels reunited to form a cult which later came to be known as the Triad. Having lost the usual donations and support from the public after the collapse of the Qing empire, members of the newly formed cult resorted to money extortion from the unwilling public through all possible means. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Organized crime. ...
The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun; Mongolian: Манж Чин), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling Chinese Dynasties. ...
Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
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Extortion is a criminal offense, which occurs when a person either obtains money, property or services from another through coercion or intimidation or threatens one with physical harm unless they are paid money or property. ...
Migration to Hong Kong When the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, mainland China was put under strict law enforcement and organized crime diminished. Triad members then migrated south to the then-British crown colony of Hong Kong for the continuance of their business. By 1931, there were eight main triad groups and they had divided Hong Kong up into geographic areas and ethnic groups that each group was responsible for controlling. The eight main ones at that time were the Wo, Rung, Tung, Chuen, Shing, Fuk Yee Hing, Yee On, and Luen. Each had its own headquarters, its own sub-societies, and its own public covers. After the Riot in Hong Kong in 1956, the government actively enforced the laws that eventually diminished the Triad activities in Hong Kong. The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ...
1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ...
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For the band, see The Police. ...
Organized crime or criminal organizations are groups or operations run by criminals, most commonly for the purpose of generating a monetary profit. ...
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Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Wo Shing Wo(å’Œå‹å’Œ) is the original Wo Group Triad, and it is the longest established triad in Hong Kong. ...
Tung group is one of the main groups of organized crime in Hong Kong. ...
This article is about the surname, for the Abbreviated Province please see Sichuan Chuan, Quan (in Mainland China), Chuen (in Cantonese pronunciation) (Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a rare Chinese family name. ...
Sun Yee On (Traditional Chinese: 新義安; Cantonese Yale: sà n yih òn) is one of the leading triads[1] in Hong Kong, with an estimated 25,000 members. ...
Luen group is one of the Organized Crime groups of Hong Kong. ...
The Hong Kong 1956 riots began with looting and attacks by Pro-Nationalist on Pro-Communist citizens and property in Hong Kong during October, 1956, and soon developed into large, and violent, riots. ...
Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The triad problems in Hong Kong were worse in the 1960s and 1970s. In the past, rumour had it that the police controlled the triads and the triads took charge of the social order. If there was a kidnapping incident, the police would get the regional gang leader to resolve it. On the other hand, the police would associate with the regional gang leader in seizing the control of places where they would be in command of the businesses. Hence there was spatial stability of social powers. Then, in 1974, police corruption was effectively abated with the establishment of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC). Now the triads had diminishing areas to control and the boundaries of triad power also blurred out. With less benefit from usual businesses, they turned to underground dealings. The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...
The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ...
1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
The Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) was formed on 15 February 1974 to clean up endemic corruption in Hong Kong government and in particular, the Royal Hong Kong Police Force. ...
As the triads developed, certain ones began to monopolize some sectors of the economy in the 1980s and 1990s. For instance, the Sun Yee On had almost entire control over the cinema sector. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For the band, see 1990s (band). ...
Recent developments Nowadays, there are approximately 57 triad societies in Hong Kong, including between 15 and 20 triads actively involved in local crimes.[citation needed] Increasing in power the triads remain low key, yet ruthless in the criminal activities. The scale of triad membership is difficult even for leaders to ascertain. Although some triads have only 50 members, larger ones have over 30,000 members.[citation needed] Well known triads in Hong Kong nowadays include the Sun Yee On, Wo Shing Wo and 14K. This article needs cleanup. ...
Wo Shing Wo(å’Œå‹å’Œ) is the original Wo Group Triad, and it is the longest established triad in Hong Kong. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Triad organizational structure Hong Kong's triads are more powerful than most people might expect. Like some of the biggest international drug dealers who have their own armed forces and can perhaps take charge of their local governments, Hong Kong triads pursue and maintain significant resources such as their own stockpiles of ammunition. Like Western Mafia, they usually limit violence to among themselves rather than inflict it on the public at large. Image File history File links Circle-question-red. ...
The armed forces of a state are its government sponsored defense and fighting forces and organizations. ...
There is a father-figure in the Hong Kong triads to control all other members in illegal activities via a hierarchy. On the contrary, Hong Kong triads are generally composed of several independent groups. Although they form and organize themselves with similar ceremonies and hierarchical systems, they do not function under an absolute and strict dominion-and-compliance plan. For example, the "King Yee" is a subsidiary branch of the "Sun Yee On", but members of the King Yee do not take orders from the "supremacy".
The actual power of triads lies at the ground level of the hierarchy. Usually, a triad "official" ("Red Pole") leads a group of 15 active members (soldiers), and wields aggression on a turf, a leader with apparent hegemony may not be able to command other leaders; and leaders may sometimes wage war against one another for more benefits.
Triads also use numeric codes to differentiate the ranks and positions inside a gang. For example, 426 would mean "fighter" (打仔). Another code 49 (四九仔) would denote a rank-and-file member. 489 is the code for "the mountain master", 438 for the "deputy mountain master", 415 for "the white paper fan", and 432 for the "straw sandal". The code 25 (二五仔), an undercover/spy of the gang, has entered common usage in Hong Kong to mean a "traitor".
As the Hong Kong economy progresses, triads barely provide "satisfying" social and pecuniary conditions to foster absolute loyalty among their members. One consequence is that the current triad structure has become more flexible: the customary eight-ranking system has changed into one that consists of four ranks (refer to the diagram below). Also, the sophisticated ceremonial rituals for new members have simplified: the most commonly practiced is "hanging the Blue Lantern" (i.e. following the leader), which is an oral agreement with little formality. The degree of autocracy within the organization has fallen; members have higher tendency to prioritize their personal interests. Should a member discover that there is little advantage in remaining in the group, he might transfer himself to another one which is more socially robust and potent: the traditional principles of triad moral beliefs have been disregarded under such personal benefits first stance. Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: An autocracy is a form of government in which the political power is held by everybody The term autocrat is derived from the Greek word autokratôr (lit. ...
Triad organizational structure File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Triad oaths Below is a heavily abridged version of the thirty-six traditional Triad oaths. For an accurate, if lengthy, English translation, see Appendix C of Fei-Ling Davis' "Primitive Revolutionaries of China". - After having entered the Hung gates I must treat the parents and relatives of my sworn brothers as my own kin. I shall suffer death by five thunderbolts if I do not keep this oath.
- I shall assist my sworn brothers to bury their parents and brothers by offering financial or physical assistance. I shall be killed by five thunderbolts if I pretend to have no knowledge of their troubles.
- When Hung brothers visit my house, I shall provide them with board and lodging. I shall be killed by myriads of knives if I treat them as strangers.
- I will always acknowledge my Hung brothers when they identify themselves. If I ignore them I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- I shall not disclose the secrets of the Hung family, not even to my parents, brothers, or wife. I shall never disclose the secrets for money. I will be killed by myriads of swords if I do so.
- I shall never betray my sworn brothers. If, through a misunderstanding, I have caused the arrest of one of my brothers I must release him immediately. If I break this oath I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- I will offer financial assistance to sworn brothers who are in trouble in order that they may pay their passage fee, etc. If I break this oath I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- I must never cause harm or bring trouble to my sworn brothers or Incense Master. If I do so I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- I must never commit any indecent assaults on the wives, sisters, or daughters, of my sworn brothers. I shall be killed by five thunderbolts if I break this oath.
- I shall never embezzle cash or property from my sworn brothers. If I break this oath I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- I will take good care of the wives or children of sworn brothers entrusted to my keeping. If I do not I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- If I have supplied false particulars about myself for the purpose of joining the Hung family I shall be killed by five thunderbolts.
- If I should change my mind and deny my membership of the Hung family I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- If I rob a sworn brother or assist an outsider to do so I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- If I should take advantage of a sworn brother or force unfair business deals upon him I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- If I knowingly convert my sworn brother's cash or property to my own use I shall be killed by five thunderbolts.
- If I have wrongly taken a sworn brother's cash or property during a robbery I must return them to him. If I do not I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- If I am arrested after committing an offence I must accept my punishment and not try to place blame on my sworn brothers. If I do so I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- If any of my sworn brothers are killed, or arrested, or have departed to some other place, I will assist their wives and children who may be in need. If I pretend to have no knowledge of their difficulties I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- When any of my sworn brothers have been assaulted or blamed by others, I must come forward and help him if he is in the right or advise him to desist if he is wrong. If he has been repeatedly insulted by others I shall inform our other brothers and arrange to help him physically or financially. If I do not keep this oath I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- If it comes to my knowledge that the Government is seeking any of my sworn brothers who has come from other provinces or from overseas, I shall immediately inform him in order that he may make his escape. If I break this oath I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- I must not conspire with outsiders to cheat my sworn brothers at gambling. If I do so I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- I shall not cause discord amongst my sworn brothers by spreading false reports about any of them. If I do so I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- I shall not appoint myself as Incense Master without authority. After entering the Hung gates for three years the loyal and faithful ones may be promoted by the Incense Master with the support of his sworn brothers. I shall be killed by five thunderbolts if I make any unauthorized promotions myself.
- If my natural brothers are involved in a dispute or law suit with my sworn brothers I must not help either party against the other but must attempt to have the matter settled amicably. If I break this oath I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- After entering the Hung gates I must forget any previous grudges I may have borne against my sworn brothers. If I do not do so I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- I must not trespass upon the territory occupied by my sworn brothers. I shall be killed by five thunderbolts if I pretend to have no knowledge of my brothers' rights in such matters.
- I must not covet or seek to share any property or cash obtained by my sworn brothers. If I have such ideas I will be killed.
- I must not disclose any address where my sworn brothers keep their wealth nor must I conspire to make wrong use of such knowledge. If I do so I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- I must not give support to outsiders if so doing is against the interests of any of my sworn brothers. If I do not keep this oath I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- I must not take advantage of the Hung brotherhood in order to oppress or take violent or unreasonable advantage of others. I must be content and honest. If I break this oath I will be killed by five thunderbolts.
- I shall be killed by five thunderbolts if I behave indecently towards small children of my sworn brothers' families.
- If any of my sworn brothers has committed a big offence I must not inform upon them to the Government for the purposes of obtaining a reward. I shall be killed by five thunderbolts if I break this oath.
- I must not take to myself the wives and concubines of my sworn brothers nor commit adultery with them. If I do so I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- I must never reveal Hung secrets or signs when speaking to outsiders. If I do so I will be killed by myriads of swords.
- After entering the Hung gates I shall be loyal and faithful and shall endeavour to overthrow Ch'ing and restore Ming by coordinating my efforts with those of my sworn brethren even though my brethren and I may not be in the same professions. Our common aim is to avenge our Five Ancestors(Kok Max, Mong Long, Gee Seng, Gee Heng and Bong Lai).
Activities overseas Currently, Triad activities have been active overseas in cities with sizeable overseas Chinese populations, such as San Francisco, New York City, Seattle, Chicago, Sacramento, Boston, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Melbourne, Sydney, Auckland, New Orleans, Houston, Dallas, Beaumont, Texas, Miami, Atlanta, Vancouver, Toronto, Cape Town and São Paulo. It is also believed that London, Belfast, Dublin, Manchester, and Amsterdam are new centres of triad activity. They are often involved in smuggling illegal immigrants from East Asia into the USA, Canada and Britain. Triads also have associations with local Chinese street gangs such as the Jackson Street Boys and Wah Ching (San Francisco), which operate in areas with large Chinese populations.[citation needed] Languages various Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ...
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Tongs Tongs are similar to triads except that they originated among the early immigrant Chinatown communities rather than an extension of a modern triad in China. The first tongs formed in the second half of the 19th century among the more marginalized members of early immigrant Chinese American communities for mutual support and protection from white racists. These first tongs modeled themselves upon triads. However, unlike the triads, the tongs formed without clear political motives and soon found themselves involved in criminal activities, including extortion, gambling, human trafficking, murder, and prostitution.[1] A Tong is a Chinese criminal organization, from the Cantonese word å ‚. While the literal definition is a place where extended family meet (å»Ÿå ‚), it usually means a clandestine Chinese secret society Some of the first Tongs formed in the second half of the 19th century among the earliest immigrant Chinese American...
For other uses, see Chinatown (disambiguation). ...
A Chinese American is an American who is of ethnic Chinese descent. ...
Many traditional tongs in USA Chinatowns have been replaced by recent immigrants from China, especially from Fuqing City, Fujian Province. Fuqing is a county of Fuzhou in Fujian, China. ...
Fujian (Chinese: 福建; pinyin: Fújiàn; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal System Pinyin: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of China. ...
Triads in Great Britain -
Triads in Great Britain first appeared during the post-World War era with the 14k Triad emerging in Chinese communities in London, Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester in England as early as 1952. ...
Gang fighting Comparing different criminal cultures is complicated based on traditions but violence is how things are settled. If a financial deal cannot be reached then there will be a battle to settle differences. The 14K Triad faction in Macau used car bombs, drive-by shootings, etc. to war with another Triad spawned from a workers' union.
Organized crime Nowadays, triads have become more business-like organizations. The interactions and integrations of power among triad gangs from the mainland China, Taiwan, Macau and Hong Kong are not to escape unwavering counter-operations from local authorities, but are, in fact, driven by agreeable benefits. At the present, the largest market is in the Mainland; and they are business-oriented – they head for wherever big money is accessible. Some Hong Kong triads also make lawful investments in the Mainland and their intentions are really to earn a living, but of course, some are just exploiting the legitimacy of these businesses for other illegal means. ...
Dealing with triad problems in schools School violence is not a new issue. One event which stirred much public concern was a 2004 video clip showing a Hong Kong student being beaten up by 11 fellow classmates. In March 2004, a student in Tin Shui Wai (Hong Kong) stabbed a 17-year-old with a pair of scissors in another incident of triad-related violence.
Triad countermeasures in Hong Kong Tackling the problems brought by triads is one of the greatest challenges to Hong Kong's law enforcement. The Organized Crime and Triad Bureau (OCTB) is the division of the police chiefly responsible for triad countermeasures. The OCTB and Criminal Intelligence Bureau work hand in hand with the Narcotics Bureau and Commercial Crime Bureau to process data and information collected by their operation units, to fight the triad heads. Other departments such as the Customs and Excise Department, Immigration Department and ICAC have also joined forces with the local police to impede expansion of triads and other organized gangs. The Customs and Excise Department (C&ED, Traditional Chinese: ) is responsible for the protection of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region against smuggling; the protection and collection of Government revenue on dutiable goods; the detection and deterrence of narcotics trafficking and abuse of controlled drugs; the protection of intellectual property...
The Immigration Department of the Hong Kong Government is responsible for immigration issues and control of Hong Kong. ...
Ironically the law has given "protection" to the criminals. Due to inadequate authority to investigate the criminal leaders' sources of wealth and the lack of laws to impose heavier punishments such as confiscation of proceeds from crimes and extended imprisonments, the efforts of police have been hampered. Therefore, to resolve this issue, the local law system is also frequently revised to endow the police with sufficient authority to fight against triads. An example is that the police authority proposed the Organized and Serious Crimes Ordinance, fully in force since 1995.
According to the Security Bureau, there is no current evidence to indicate any worsening of the triad problem in Hong Kong. For ten years (1993-2002) the proportion of crimes with triad involvement remained fairly steady at about 3.8%; and the figure for the first nine months in 2003 was 2.7%. Nonetheless, the bureau has added more than 240 anti-triad specialist posts since 1995/96 to strengthen the anti-triad power of the police force.
There is also a comprehensive publicity programme to forge triad awareness of the public. For instance, the Junior Police Call is an organization with complete networks to publicise anti-triad messages. At the same time, the Crime Prevention Bureau is keeping contact with local businesses and encouraging them to report triad activities.
Furthermore, the Hong Kong Police cooperate with law enforcement agency overseas specialised at organised crimes, especially of places with a sizeable Chinese population, to combat triads at an international level such as with the Doan Family Protection Agency that is spread out through out the world.
The primary Hong Kong laws addressing triads are the Societies Ordinance and the Organized & Serious Crimes Ordinance. The Societies Ordinance, enacted in 1949, makes all triad societies unlawful societies in Hong Kong. It stipulates that any person convicted of professing or claiming to be an office bearer or managing or assisting in the management of a triad society can be fined up to HK$1 million and imprisoned for up to 15 years. Membership of a triad society is itself an offence punishable with fines from HK$100,000 to HK$250,000 and 3 to 7 years' imprisonment.
The Organized and Serious Crimes Ordinance was enacted in Hong Kong in 1994. The Ordinance aims to provide the Police with special investigative powers, to provide heavier sentences for organized crime activities, and to provide the Courts with the power to confiscate the proceeds of organized crime. The same investigative powers exist also for drug trafficking crimes and terrorism (since 7 January 2005).
Even though most gangs and triads act independently of one another, their attempt to pretend that they are "the invisible yet invincible" has made the police's work much harder by forcing their victims into silence. In order to encourage the public to report the criminal activities of triads, the Security Bureau has established the Witness Protection Unit in 1995 to augment witness security. Later in 2000 the Witness Protection Ordinance was enacted and came into operation on 9 November to provide a legal basis for the Witness Protection Programme.
Sadly, however, several high level cases of triad-influced police corruption has played a role in the triad's notoriety.
Portrayal of triad societies in popular culture The posters below are of films about triads. The films depicted are A Better Tomorrow, As Tears Go By, The Killer, Hard Boiled, Young and Dangerous, Infernal Affairs, Rush Hour 2 , Election and Triad Election (aka Election 2 ). A Better Tomorrow (Chinese: 英雄本色; pinyin: yīngxióng běnsè, Cantonese: ying1 hung4 bun2 sik1; literally True Colors of a Hero) is a 1986 Hong Kong action movie which had a profound influence on the Hong Kong movie-making industry, and later on an international scale. ...
As Tears Go By (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ; lit. ...
The Killer (Traditional Chinese: 喋血雙雄, Simplified Chinese: å–‹è¡€åŒé›„; Cantonese IPA: , Jyutping: dip6 hyt3 seong1 hung4; Mandarin Pinyin: ; literally: Bloodshed of Two Heroes) is a 1989 Hong Kong thriller starring Chow Yun-Fat as the hitman Ah Jong, Danny Lee as the cop Li Ying and Sally Yeh as the singer Jennie. ...
Hardboiled crime fiction is a uniquely American style pioneered by Dashiell Hammett, refined by Raymond Chandler, and endlessly imitated since by writers such as Mickey Spillane. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
For other uses of internal affairs, see internal affairs. ...
Rush Hour 2 is a 2001 martial arts/buddy cop film, starring Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. ...
Election (Chinese title: 黑社會 – literally Black Society, a common Cantonese reference to the society of triads) is a 2005 film directed by Johnnie To with a large ensemble cast. ...
Election 2 (Chinese: 黑社會以和為貴, literally Black Society (triads) Value Peace Most) is a 2006 movie directed by Johnnie To with a large ensemble cast. ...
Gangster movies are generally well favoured among Hong Kong audiences, especially in the young male crowd. The main characters in these movies are always male and almost always highly macho, with "Mark Gor" (played by Chow Yun-Fat in A Better Tomorrow (1986)) and "Chan Ho Nam" (played by Ekin Cheng in the Young and Dangerous series (1990s)) both representing this idea. All the films portray the triads as having a sense of brotherhood and loyalty and perhaps even love that almost always surpasses their alliances with their obligatory girlfriends. In addition, no matter how many illegal activities are depicted in the films, somehow the main characters always retain their sense of honour and chivalry. Due to all these elements, the lives of these characters seem impossibly glamorous to the ordinary lives of the audience members, which may explain the popularity of these types of movies. However, many films of late have shown a truer side to the triad, with Fruit Chan's Made in Hong Kong breaking through the barrier with its portrayal of a low-level hopeless thug. Chow Yun-Fat (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) (born May 18, 1955) is a Hong Kong actor. ...
A Better Tomorrow (Chinese: 英雄本色; pinyin: yīngxióng běnsè, Cantonese: ying1 hung4 bun2 sik1; literally True Colors of a Hero) is a 1986 Hong Kong action movie which had a profound influence on the Hong Kong movie-making industry, and later on an international scale. ...
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...
Ekin Cheng Yee-Kin (é„伊å¥, pinyin: Zhèng YÄ«jià n) (born October 4, 1967) is a Hong Kong actor and Cantopop singer. ...
Fruit Chan (陳果) (born April 15, 1959 in Guangdong province, China) is an independent Hong Kong film director, best known for his style of film reflecting the everyday life of Hong Kong Chinese. ...
Made in Hong Kong (é¦™æ¸¯è£½é€ ) is a 1997 Hong Kong film written and directed by Fruit Chan. ...
In the game Fear Effect, the protagonist face hardships and mysteries imposed upon them by a fictional, wealthy and influential Triad Lord. Fear Effect is a survival horror game for the PlayStation. ...
In the anime/manga Black Lagoon, the protagonists work with a Triad in Thailand which is led by the character Mr. Chan, who is being hunted by an Islamic militarist group. The main cast of the anime Cowboy Bebop (1998) (L to R: Spike Spiegel, Jet Black, Ed Tivrusky, Faye Valentine, and Ein the dog) For the oleo-resin, see Animé (oleo-resin). ...
Manga ) (pl. ...
Serialized in Sunday GX Original run 19 April 2002 – ongoing No. ...
Triads have also been portrayed in the Grand Theft Auto video game series. There are number of triads including the Portland Triad, the Blood Feather Triad and the Mountain Cloud Boys Triad, as well as The Getaway video game. Grand Theft Auto (GTA) is a video game series created and primarily developed by Scottish developer Rockstar North (formerly DMA Design), published by Rockstar Games and debuted in 1998. ...
Triads have also been portrayed in many songs by the Cantonese rap group, LMF. Standard Cantonese is a variant, and is generally considered the prestige dialect of Cantonese Chinese. ...
RAP may mean: the IATA airport code for Rapid City Regional Airport Rassemblement pour lalternative progressiste, a Québecois political party. ...
Lazy Mutha Fucka is a Hip-hop/indie band in Hong Kong, also known as LMF. The band was founded in 1993. ...
In the video game Deus Ex, Triads plays an important part during the Hong Kong levels. The triads are portrayed as a politically significant secret organisation in China. During the Hong Kong levels, the player gets to read some accurate information and history concerning the Triads. Namcos Pac-Man was a hit, and became a universal phenomenon. ...
This article is about the video game. ...
The Triads have also been featured in the computer video game Hitman: Codename 47, in which the protagonist, Agent 47, a hitman, must kill members of two different triad groups. Namcos Pac-Man was a hit, and became a universal phenomenon. ...
47 disguised. ...
To counter the popularity of Triad-related media in Hong Kong, the government commissioned a widely-disseminated anti-triad awareness campaign targeted at young people. The campaign slogan was "Life doesn’t have take two" meaning that all those glorification of Triad crimes are just movies and that if young people commit crimes as a Triad they won’t have a second chance to redeem themself or come back to life.
The 1995 PC game Rise of the Triad has only tenuous connections to the real-life Triad. Rise of the Triad: Dark War (acronym is ROTT) is a first-person shooter video game that was first released on February 17, 1995 and developed by Apogee Software (now known as 3D Realms). ...
The anime "Black Lagoon" features the Triad, represented by Chan, in Roanapur. They dispute for land with the Russian Mafia, though are currently in a sort of truce.
List of Triads -
Cheng Group å’Œå‹å ‚ Richard Cheng 和利和 Jon Cheng å’Œè¯å‹ 14K Yung åå››K 勇å—å † [1] 14Kåå››K Wo Group å’Œå—é Wo Shing Wo å’Œå‹å’Œ [2] Wo Shing Yee å’Œå‹ç¾© [3] Shui Fong 和安樂/水房 [4] Wo Hop To å’Œåˆåœ– [5] Wo Lee Kwan 和利群 [6] Wo Kao Chi [7] Wo Kwan Lok 和群樂 [8] Wo Lee Wo 和利和 [9] Wo Shing Tong å’Œå‹å ‚ [10] Wo...
Miscellaneous information - After China resumed sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997, Chinese Minister of Public Safety Tao Siju personally welcomed leaders of the Sun Yee On triad to Beijing, stating "The members of triads are not always gangsters. As long as they are patriots, concerned with maintaining the prosperity of Hong Kong, we should respect them." [2]
- A triad traditional weapon is the modified Chinese kitchen utensil meat cleaver also nicknamed "chopping knife". Another widely used weapon is the machete, sometimes referred to as a "watermelon knife".
- Triad fights do not always involve weapons. When rivals just want to settle a small matter they usually fight it out with bare fist on a busy street until the police intervene.
- An occasional ritual execution in triad to a disgraced member is slashing with a bladed weapon a hundred times on the body, but no instantly lethal cuts are inflicted. This is analogous to lingchi (death by a thousand cuts), a form of capital punishment administered in imperial times. The reason is to let that person bleed to death for the executioner to bury him while he is still breathing.
- Burying the offender alive is a less honourable method of ritual execution. This is often done if the executioner has a grudge against the executed.
- Like most legitimate organisations, recently more women are joining leadership in triads.
- Like many other classes of people, Hollywood portrayal of triads is accused of being unrealistic (such as the black or white Mao suit as featured in the film Rush Hour and Rush Hour 2 or the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas), probably because it is viewed from the lens from which a gang in the West is viewed. In real life neither a dress code nor a gang colour makes a particular strain of triads recognisable.
- Apart from pop culture, Triads rarely fight other ethnic gangs; they mainly fight among themselves, or other Triad gangs. However there has been some clashes with the Italian Mafia and Japanese Yakuza in New York in the past. In the U.K the Triad had run some clashes with the Irish, Filipino and Albanian mafia gangs.
- The triad gangs mainly come from Cantonese and Chiu Chow (Teochew) speaking areas. However in Europe and New York City gangs from mainland China called Fujianese gangs (Fukienese gangs or Fukienese Dragons) try to move into triad-controlled areas in places with a sizeable Chinese population. It is said that the Fujianese gangs use a lot of "dishonourable" methods to win their turf fights like using guns and explosives.
- Many triad members do not commit crimes for a living. Many are under the façade of legitimate occupations ranging from unskilled workers to businessmen to professionals like lawyers. They are often indistinguishable from ordinary people save perhaps by tattoos with a triad insignia.
- The Hong Kong media do not mention any triad clan names when reporting on a triad related crime as a matter of good journalism to avoid misattribution.
- In Hong Kong cinema, most triad members are portrayed as honourable and not betraying or abandoning "brothers". However there has been documentary programs with interviews of ex-members critical about these "oath" and call it "empty promises" as their supposed "brother" will run at the first sign of problem.
- Hong Kong actor and screenplay advisor Lee Siu Kei, being a triad apostate, works as a screenwriter and act in films without glamorisation or pretence. He is critical about other films' unrealistic portrayal and glorification.
- According to international police databanks and well known specialists, the number of members of all triads worldwide will in 2007 reach almost 78,000,000, which is roughly equal to the population of Germany.
Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ...
Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ...
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Chinese and old North American cleavers A cleaver is a large knife that varies in its shape but usually resembles a square-bladed hatchet. ...
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LÃngchà (pinyin for Chinese 凌é²/凌迟; also ling che) is a form of execution used in China before the modern era and is usually known in English as slicing or death by a thousand cuts. The literal meaning of lÃngchà is humiliating and slow; the method was officially outlawed in...
Zhongshan suit The Mao suit, also known as Chinese tunic suit or tunic suit, is the western name for the style of male attire known in China as the Zhongshan suit (Traditional Chinese: ä¸å±±è£; Simplified Chinese: ä¸å±±è£…; pinyin: ZhÅngshÄn zhuÄng, or Chinese: ; pinyin: ZhÅngshÄn fú); named after...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Rush Hour 2 is a 2001 martial arts/buddy cop film, starring Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. ...
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is the fifth video game in the Grand Theft Auto series. ...
A compass rose with west highlighted This article refers to the cardinal direction; for other uses see West (disambiguation). ...
The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra), is an Italian criminal secret society which first developed in the mid-19th century in Sicily. ...
This article is about organized crime. ...
NY redirects here. ...
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and a member of the European Union. ...
The Albanian Mafia or Albanian Organized Crime (OC) are the general terms used for various criminal organizations based in Albania or composed of ethnic-Albanians. ...
Cantonese is a major dialect group or language of the Chinese language, a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ...
The Teochew dialect (Guangdong romanization: Dio7 Ziu1; Missionary romanization: Tiô-chiu-oē, Chinese:潮州话, Hanyu Pinyin: Cháozhōuhuà, Teochiu or Tiuchiu), is a Chinese language and dialect of Minnan spoken in a region of eastern Guangdong referred to as Chaoshan. ...
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Journalism is a discipline of gathering, writing and reporting news, and more broadly it includes the process of editing and presenting the news articles. ...
The history of Chinese-language cinema has three separate threads of development: the Hong Kong, the Mainland and Taiwan. ...
Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ...
Apostasy (Greek απο, apo, away, apart, στασις, stasis, standing) is the formal renunciation of ones religion. ...
See also Triads in Great Britain first appeared during the post-World War era with the 14k Triad emerging in Chinese communities in London, Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester in England as early as 1952. ...
This page is a List of Criminal organizations. ...
Tattoos are used among criminals to show membership of gangs and record the wearers personal history such as his or her skills, specialities, accomplishments and convictions. ...
The Tiandihui (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Yale Cantonese: tin1 dei6 wui2; literally Heaven and Earth Society) is a fraternal organization that originated in China. ...
The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra), is an Italian criminal secret society which first developed in the mid-19th century in Sicily. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article is about organized crime. ...
A Tong is a Chinese criminal organization, from the Cantonese word å ‚. While the literal definition is a place where extended family meet (å»Ÿå ‚), it usually means a clandestine Chinese secret society Some of the first Tongs formed in the second half of the 19th century among the earliest immigrant Chinese American...
Cheng Group å’Œå‹å ‚ Richard Cheng 和利和 Jon Cheng å’Œè¯å‹ 14K Yung åå››K 勇å—å † [1] 14Kåå››K Wo Group å’Œå—é Wo Shing Wo å’Œå‹å’Œ [2] Wo Shing Yee å’Œå‹ç¾© [3] Shui Fong 和安樂/水房 [4] Wo Hop To å’Œåˆåœ– [5] Wo Lee Kwan 和利群 [6] Wo Kao Chi [7] Wo Kwan Lok 和群樂 [8] Wo Lee Wo 和利和 [9] Wo Shing Tong å’Œå‹å ‚ [10] Wo...
Further reading - The Dragon Syndicates: The Global Phenomenon of the Triads (ISBN 0-7867-0869-7) by British author Martin Booth (who was born and raised in Hong Kong). This book mainly looks at the history and rise of triads living in the United Kingdom and Los Angeles. The book is well researched and accurately describes triad society.
- Blood Brothers: The Criminal Underworld of Asia by Bertil Lintner. Pub: Allen & Unwin. Criminals exist outside the law, but not outside society. Nowhere is this more true than in Asia, where the tentacles of organized crime reach far into the worlds of business, politics and even law enforcement. In his latest book, Blood Brothers: Crime, Business and Politics in Asia, REVIEW Senior Writer Bertil Lintner examines the nature of these entanglements both in the region and outside it.
Martin Booth (September 7, 1944, Lancashire - February 12, 2004, Devon) was a British writer and poet. ...
Bertil Lintner is a Swedish journalist based in Thailand, a REVIEW senior writer and the author of several works on Asia, including Blood Brothers: The Criminal Underworld of Asia. ...
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