Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections (cystitis). It belongs to the class of chemotherapeutic agents known as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Trimethoprim was formerly marketed by GlaxoWellcome under trade names including Proloprim®, Monotrim® and Triprim®; but these trade names have been licensed to various generic pharmaceutical manufacturers. The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of medication that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ... Half-Life is a science fiction first-person shooter computer game developed by Valve Software and published by Sierra Entertainment in 1998, based on a heavily-modified Quake game engine. ... Excretion is the biological process by which an organism chemically separates waste products from its body. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... Prophylaxis refers to any medical or public health procedure whose purpose is to prevent, rather than treat or cure, disease. ... Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. ... Categories: Biochemistry stubs | EC 1. ... GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE: GSK NYSE: GSK) is a British based pharmaceutical, biologicals, and healthcare company. ... A generic drug (pl. ...

Mechanism of action

Trimethoprim acts by interfering with the action of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid. Folic acid is an essential precursor in the de novo synthesis of the DNA nucleosides thymidine and uridine. Bacteria are unable to take up folic acid from the environment (i.e. the infection host) thus are dependent on their own de novo synthesis - inhibition of the enzyme starves the bacteria of two bases necessary for DNA replication and transcription. Categories: Biochemistry stubs | EC 1. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In law, the expression trial de novo literally means new trial. It is most often used in certain legal systems that provide for one form of trial, then another if a party remains unsatisfied with the decision. ... Deoxythymidine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when thymine is attached to a deoxyribose ring (also known as a deoxyribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. ... Uridine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. ... Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and most viruses). ... In biology, replication is the act or ability to make a copy. ... Transcription may be one of the following: In linguistics, transcription is the conversion of spoken words into written language. ...

Tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway

Image File history File links tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Co-trimoxazole

Trimethoprim is commonly used in combination with sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide antibiotic, which inhibits the an earlier step in the folate synthesis pathway (see diagram above). This combination, known as co-trimoxazole, results in a synergistic antibacterial effect by inhibiting successive steps in folate synthesis. Its use has been declining due to reports of sulfamethoxazole bone marrow toxicity. Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic. ... Sulfonamides, also known as sulfa drugs, are synthetic antimicrobial agents derived from sulfonic acid. ... Co-trimoxazole (abbreviated SXT) is a bacteriostatic antibiotic combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, in the ratio of 1 to 5, used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. ... We are very sorry this search engine is being modified and customized at the moment. ...

Clinical indications

Trimethoprim, used as monotherapy, is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections (cystitis). Co-trimoxazole, owing to its greater efficacy, is indicated for a wider range of infections. For example, it is used as prophylaxis in patients at risk for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (e.g. AIDS patients and those with some hematological malignancies), as therapy in Whipple's disease and certain other infections. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. ... Co-trimoxazole (abbreviated SXT) is a bacteriostatic antibiotic combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, in the ratio of 1 to 5, used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. ... Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) is a form of pneumonia which is caused by a microorganism called Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii). ... The Red Ribbon is the global symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS. AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and is defined as a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the depletion of the immune system caused... Although hematological malignancies are a form of cancer, they are generally treated by specialists in hematology, although in many hospitals oncology specialists also manage these diseases. ... Whipples disease is a rare disease caused by the bacteria Thropheryma whipplei. ...

External links

• Nucleic acid inhibitors (PDF file).