Categories: WikiProject Energy development articles | Sustainability | Construction | Solar design | Walls The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), located in Golden, Colorado, as part of the U.S. Department of Energy, is the United Statess primary laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development. ... // Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide sustainable energy resources through knowledge, skills, and constructions. ... Kardashev scale projections ranging from 1900 to 2100. ... Future energy development faces great challenges due to an increasing world population, demands for higher standards of living, a need for less pollution, a need to avert global warming, and a possible end to fossil fuels (see Hubbert peak theory). ... The 2000 Watt society is a vision, originated by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at the end of the 1998, in which each person in the developed world would cut their energy use to an average of no more than 2,000 Watts by the year 2050, without lowering... The Hubbert peak theory, also known as peak oil, is an influential theory concerning the long-term rate of conventional oil (and other fossil fuel) extraction and depletion. ... The Hubbert peak theory, also known as peak oil, is an influential theory concerning the long-term rate of conventional oil production and depletion. ... Appropriate technology is technology that is appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. ... The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air. ... Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of organic matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. ... Bioalcohol is alcohol obtained from biological sources, not from petroleum. ... In some countries, filling stations sell bio-diesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ... Distributed generation is a new trend in the generation of heat and electrical power. ... Energy-efficient landscaping is a type of landscaping designed for the purpose of conserving energy. ... NASA G2 flywheel Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as inertial energy. ... Hydraulic turbine and electrical generator. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Hydrogen vehicle. ... A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical future economy in which energy, for mobile applications (vehicles, aircraft) and electrical grid load balancing (daily peak demand reserve), is stored as hydrogen (H2). ... Hydrogen storage is the main technological problem of a viable hydrogen economy. ... A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept. ... Hypermodernity is a type, mode, or stage of society that reflects a deepening or intensification of modernity. ... An Inertial fusion power plant is intended to industrially produce electric power by use of inertial confinement fusion techniques. ... Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland Geothermal power is the use of geothermal heat to generate electricity. ... A liquid nitrogen (LN2) economy is a hypothetical proposal for a future economy in which the primary form of energy storage and transport is liquid nitrogen. ... A low-carbon economy is a future economy in which the use of carbon based fuels and carbon dioxide emissions from burning fuels are significantly reduced. ... A low-energy-house is any type of house that uses less energy than a regular house. ... The deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power. ... One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt, Germany One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt The term Passive house (Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous, voluntary, Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings. ... Passive solar building design involves the modeling, selection and use of appropriate passive solar technologies to maintain the building environment at a desired temperature range (usually based around human thermal comfort) throughout the suns daily and annual cycles. ... A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solar Tower. ... A laundromat in California with flat-plate solar water heating collectors on its roof. ... Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the sun. ... Schematic of a Solar updraft tower This article is about a type of power plant. ... Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction and retrofitting. ... When plotted on a logarithmic graph, 15 separate lists of paradigm shifts for key events in human history show an exponential trend. ... Tidal Energy, sometimes called tidal power, is the power achieved by capturing the energy contained in moving water in tides and open ocean currents. ... Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ... Similar or related terms: Near zero energy building, Zero energy house, Near zero energy house A zero energy building (ZEB) can be described as structure with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. ... The Toyota RAV4 EV was powered by twenty-four 12 volt batteries, with an operational cost equivalent of over 165 miles per gallon at 2005 US gasoline prices. ... “Velo” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Power-assisted cycle. ... A streetcar drawing current from a single overhead wire, returning current through the rails and ground An electric locomotive, taking power through a pantograph An electric vehicle, or EV, is a vehicle with one or more electric motors for propulsion. ... Sequel, a fuel cell powered vehicle from General Motors A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle, such as an automobile, aircraft, or any other kind of vehicle that uses hydrogen as its primary source of power for locomotion. ... A hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive the wheels directly. ... The number of US survey respondents willing to pay $4,000 more for a plug-in hybrid car increased from 17% in 2005 to 26% in 2006. ... A Petroleum Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) is a vehicle using an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. ... Å koda 14 Tr trolleybus in Vilnius, Lithuania. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... There is a large number of public transport systems in European towns that fulfill several of the BRT criteria given above, but they are rarely designated as BRT. Bus lanes and exclusive use of key city-centre streets is commonplace, and bus priority on approach to traffic lights is quite... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Production battery electric vehicles (BEVs) like the GM EV1 and Chevrolet S10 EV, Chrysler TEVan, Honda EV Plus, Ford Ranger EV, Nissan Altra, Toyota RAV4 EV, and Solectria Force have been made available to the consumer market in very limited quantities and locations. ... A low-energy vehicle is any type of vehicle that uses less energy than a regular vehicle. ... The Twike (TWin bIKE) is a Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) with hybrid human power as an option. ... Ugandan bicycle taxi or bodaboda Utility cycling encompasses any cycling not done primarily for fitness, recreation such as cycle touring, or sport such as cycle racing, but simply as a means of transport. ... This article is about vegetable oil used as fuel. ... In some countries, filling stations sell bio-diesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ... Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: It mainly aims at using the whole plant to improve the CO2 balance and the costs. ... // Definition Pyrolysis oil is under investigation as substitute for mineral oil. ... Alternate Fuels (alternate fuel), also known as non-conventional fuels, is any material or substance that can be used as a fuel, other than fossil fuels, or conventional fuels of petroleum (oil), coal, propane, and natural gas. ... Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for power train concepts differing to the standard internal combustion engine concept used in gasoline- or diesel-fueled vehicles. ... Ecodriving is a term used in Europe to name initiative which support energy efficient use of vehicles. ... In physics and engineering, energy conversion is any process of converting energy from one form to another. ... Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ... Distributed generation is a new trend in the generation of heat and electrical power. ... It has been suggested that Wind turbines (UK domestic) be merged into this article or section. ... A sustainable community energy system is an integrated approach to supplying a local community with its energy requirements from renewable energy or high-efficiency co-generation energy sources. ... Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) is a form of waste processing. ... Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of organic matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. ... Switchgrass, a hardy plant used in the biofuel industry in the United States Rice chaff. ... Blue energy is the energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water with the use of osmosis or reverse electro dialysis (RED) with ion specific membranes. ... A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ... Hydrogen production is done in bulk today from hydrocarbon fossil fuels via a chemical path. ... Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland Geothermal power is the use of geothermal heat to generate electricity. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Deep lake water cooling uses cold water pumped from the bottom of a lake as a heat sink for climate control systems. ... Hydraulic turbine and electrical generator. ... Tidal Energy, sometimes called tidal power, is the power achieved by capturing the energy contained in moving water in tides and open ocean currents. ... Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ... - Wave power refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work - including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). ... Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation whereby the natural flow and elevation drop of a river are used to generate electricity. ... A nuclear power station. ... Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ... // A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generator which obtains its power from radioactive decay. ... Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the sun. ... Active solar is a term which refers to the use of solar energy to actively convert the energy in sunlight into other forms. ... The Barra system, developed by Horazio Barra in Italy, is a passive solar building technology. ... Central solar heating is the provision of central heating and hot water from solar energy by a system in which the water is heated centrally by arrays of solar thermal collectors (central solar heating plants - CSHPs) and distributed through district heating pipe networks (or block heating systems in the case... Sharav Sluice Energy Tower An energy tower is a method for producing electrical power for consumer consumption, the brainchild of Dr. Phillip Carlson, which has been expanded upon by Professor Dan Zaslavsky. ... Photovoltaic tree in Styria, Austria The CIS Tower, Manchester, England, was clad in PV panels at a cost of £5. ... A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ... A solar combisystem is a solar heating system that provides both space heating and hot water from a common array of solar thermal collectors, normally linked to an auxiliary non-solar heat source. ... A laundromat in California with flat-plate solar water heating collectors on its roof. ... A Solar pond is large-scale solar energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. ... An artists depiction of a solar satellite, which could send energy wirelessly to a space vessel or planetary surface. ... A solar power tower is a solar power station based on a tower. ... Photovoltaic solar panels on a house roof. ... Solar Shingles (or Photovoltaic Shingles) are a new type of solar energy system that, at first glance, look like regular asphalt shingles but are actually photovoltaic cells (PV). ... Solar thermal energy is a technology for harnessing solar power for practical applications from solar heating to electrical power generation. ... A backyard installation of passive single–axis trackers, DC rated at 2340 watts. ... Schematic of a Solar updraft tower This article is about a type of power plant. ... Solar panels are used in passive and active solar hot water systems Passive solar is a term referring to those technologies that can be employed to convert sunlight into usable heat, to cause air-movement for ventilation or cooling, or to store the heat for future use, without the use... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Worldwide installed capacity and prediction 1997-2010, Source: WWEA Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into more useful forms, usually electricity using wind turbines. ... Wind turbines in Neuenkirchen, Dithmarschen (Germany). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Grid energy storage is the use of various energy storage techniques to complement electric power generation plants on the transmission grid. ... Thermal energy storage can refer to a number of technologies that store energy in a thermal reservoir for later reuse. ... A seasonal thermal store (also known as a seasonal heat store or inter-seasonal thermal store) is a store designed to retain heat deposited during the hot summer months for use during colder winter weather. ... Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ... It has been suggested that Green design be merged into this article or section. ... Sustainable architecture is building design that takes into account all aspects of the building that will affect and be affected by the environment. ... Sustainable landscape architecture is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of outdoor space. ... Environmental design is the process of addressing environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. ... Ecological economics is an approach to rather than a branch of economics that addresses the interdependence and co-evolution between human economies and natural ecosystems. ... Development economics is a branch of economics that deals with the study of macroeconomic causes of long term economic growth, and microeconomics; the incentive issues of individual households and firms, especially in developing countries. ... Green economics is an approach to economics in which the economy is considered to be a component of, and dependent upon, the natural world within which it resides and of which is it considered a part. ... Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored in. ... The triple bottom line captures an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational (and societal) success - economic, environmental and social. ... Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals: environmental stewardship, farm profitability, and prosperous farming communities. ... Subsistence farmers with a Treadle Pump. ... Forest gardening (also known as 3-Dimensional Gardening) is a food production and land management system based on replicating woodland ecosystems, substituting trees (such as fruit or nut trees), bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables which have yields directly useful to mankind. ... Humanure is a neologism designating human waste (feces and urine) that is recycled via composting for agricultural or other purposes. ... This is a list of companion plant relationships. ... This is a list of repellent plants. ... Ancient technique re-introduced by Masanobu Fukuoka. ... Vermicompost (also called worm compost, vermicast, worm castings, worm humus or worm manure) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by some species of earthworm. ... The earliest mention of the phrase sustainable industries appeared in 1990 in a story about a Japanese group reforesting a tropical forest to help create sustainable industries for the local populace. ... Parkland in Burkina Faso: Sorghum grown under Faidherbia albida and Borassus akeassii near Banfora, Burkina Faso Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. ... Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems1 instead of traditional forestry that maximizes economic productivity. ... Timber Exploitation of natural resources is an essential condition of the human existence. ... Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use and harvest energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal — the complete building life cycle. ... Green chemistry is a chemical philosophy encouraging the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ... Green Computing is the design of technological and computing products that reduce the use of hazardous substances and radiation. ... Natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. ... This article is about a concept related to renewable energy, of which sustainable energy is a superset. ... Sustainable forest management (SFM) is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development. ... Sustainable procurement is a spending and investment process typically associated with public policy, although it is equally applicable to the private sector. ... Girl on a bicycle in a car free area in Frankfurt Sustainable transport is a phrase which was coined in the late 20th century to describe all forms of transport which minimise emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants. ... The living machine at Oberlin College with a settlement tank in the foreground and filtering tanks in the background The concept of living machines represents a particularly interesting variant on intelligent machines, and has mostly been associated with water treatment systems that make use of natural bioremediation processes such as... Mycoremediation is a form of bioremediation, the process of using microbes to return an environment (usually soil) contaminated by pollutants to a less contaminated state. ... Appropriate technology is technology that is appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Off-the-grid. ... Cob building dated 1539 in Devon, England. ... Composting toilets use biological processes to deal with the disposal and processing of human excrement into organic compost material. ... The albedo of several types of roofs Cool roofs are an effective alternative to bulk attic insulation under roofs in humid tropical and subtropical climates. ... Earth covered farm houses in Keldur, Iceland. ... Re-creation of Viking houses in Labrador Several grass roofs can be seen in the village of Bøur in the Faroe Islands. ... Rammed earth walls form part of the entrance building for the Eden Project in Cornwall, England. ... Sheet composting is the process of composting organic matter directly onto the soil as a mulch and letting it decay there, rather than in a heap. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solar Tower. ... Further detailed information formerly in this article was moved to Wikibooks in May 2006 Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses straw bales as structural elements, insulation, or both. ... A windcatcher (Badgir; بادگیر) is a traditional Persian architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. ... Green Map of Cambridge, Massachusetts Green Maps are environmentally themed maps which are usually created as a grassroots effort with a symbol set licensed from the non-profit Green Map System. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... Sustainable development has also been defined as the process of balancing the need of humans for economic and social development with the need to protect the natural and built environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. ... Sustainable living might best be defined as a lifestyle that could, hypothetically, be sustained unmodified for many generations without exhausting any natural resources. ... The Natural Step is a systematic definition of sustainability developed by Swedish scientist, Karl-Henrik Robèrt. ... Permaculture Mandala summarising the ethics and principles of permaculture design. ... Similar or related terms: Near zero energy building, Zero energy house, Near zero energy house A zero energy building (ZEB) can be described as structure with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. ... Zoning in Permaculture design refers to a method of ensuring that elements are correctly placed. ... Contents // Categories: Stub | United Nations specialized agencies | Sustainability | Development ... Human development theory is an economic theory that merges older ideas from ecological economics, sustainable development, welfare economics, and feminist economics. ... Maldevelopment is the state of an organism or an organisation that did not develop in the normal way (used in medicine, e. ... The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, often shortened to Rio Declaration, was a short document produced at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit. ... According to its web site, Rocky Mountain Institute is an entrepreneurial nonprofit organization that fosters the efficient and restorative use of natural, human and other capital to make the world more secure, just, prosperous, and life-sustaining. ... Sim Van der Ryn is acknowledged as a leader in sustainable architecture. ... Underdevelopment is the state of an organism or of an organisation (e. ... The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) brings together some 190 international companies in a shared commitment to sustainable development through economic growth, ecological balance and social progress. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Earth Summit 2002. ... The precautionary principle is a moral and political principle which states that if an action or policy might cause severe or irreversible harm to the public, in the absence of a scientific consensus that harm would not ensue, the burden of proof falls on those who would advocate taking the... Practical Action - the working name of Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) – is a charity registered in the United Kingdom which works directly in four regions of the developing world – Latin America, East Africa, Southern Africa and South Asia, with particular concentration on Peru, Kenya, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka... Ecosystem services are processes by which the natural environment produces resources useful to people. ... Ecovillages are intended to be socially, economically and ecologically sustainable intentional communities. ... For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ... Energy consumption is a measure of the rate of energy use such as fuels or electricity. ... In physics and engineering, energy conversion is any process of converting energy from one form to another. ... Energy demand management is also known as demand side management (DSM). ... // Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide sustainable, accessible energy resources through knowledge, skills, and constructions. ... Infrastructural capital refers to any physical means of production or means of protection beyond that which can be gathered or found directly in nature, i. ... World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Enlarge image to read exclusions. ... Simple living (or voluntary simplicity) is a lifestyle individuals may pursue for a variety of motivations, such as spirituality, health, or ecology. ... This article is about a concept related to renewable energy, of which sustainable energy is a superset. ... The ton of oil equivalent (TOE) is a unit for measuring energy. ... In economics, value of Earth is the ultimate in ecosystem valuation, and important to value of life calculations. ... WASTE is a peer-to-peer and friend-to-friend protocol and software application developed by Justin Frankel at Nullsoft in 2003 that features instant messaging, chat rooms & file browsing/sharing capabilities. ... World power usage in TW (=1012 Watt), 1980-2004. ... Assembly of an Enercon E-70 wind turbine Modern technology uses large amounts of electrical power. ... // Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide sustainable energy resources through knowledge, skills, and constructions. ... Kardashev scale projections ranging from 1900 to 2100. ... Future energy development faces great challenges due to an increasing world population, demands for higher standards of living, a need for less pollution, a need to avert global warming, and a possible end to fossil fuels (see Hubbert peak theory). ... The 2000 Watt society is a vision, originated by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at the end of the 1998, in which each person in the developed world would cut their energy use to an average of no more than 2,000 Watts by the year 2050, without lowering... The Hubbert peak theory, also known as peak oil, is an influential theory concerning the long-term rate of conventional oil (and other fossil fuel) extraction and depletion. ... The Hubbert peak theory, also known as peak oil, is an influential theory concerning the long-term rate of conventional oil production and depletion. ... Appropriate technology is technology that is appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. ... The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air. ... Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of organic matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. ... Bioalcohol is alcohol obtained from biological sources, not from petroleum. ... In some countries, filling stations sell bio-diesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ... Distributed generation is a new trend in the generation of heat and electrical power. ... Energy-efficient landscaping is a type of landscaping designed for the purpose of conserving energy. ... NASA G2 flywheel Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as inertial energy. ... Hydraulic turbine and electrical generator. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Hydrogen vehicle. ... A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical future economy in which energy, for mobile applications (vehicles, aircraft) and electrical grid load balancing (daily peak demand reserve), is stored as hydrogen (H2). ... Hydrogen storage is the main technological problem of a viable hydrogen economy. ... A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept. ... Hypermodernity is a type, mode, or stage of society that reflects a deepening or intensification of modernity. ... An Inertial fusion power plant is intended to industrially produce electric power by use of inertial confinement fusion techniques. ... Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland Geothermal power is the use of geothermal heat to generate electricity. ... A liquid nitrogen (LN2) economy is a hypothetical proposal for a future economy in which the primary form of energy storage and transport is liquid nitrogen. ... A low-carbon economy is a future economy in which the use of carbon based fuels and carbon dioxide emissions from burning fuels are significantly reduced. ... A low-energy-house is any type of house that uses less energy than a regular house. ... The deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power. ... One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt, Germany One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt The term Passive house (Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous, voluntary, Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings. ... Passive solar building design involves the modeling, selection and use of appropriate passive solar technologies to maintain the building environment at a desired temperature range (usually based around human thermal comfort) throughout the suns daily and annual cycles. ... A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solar Tower. ... A laundromat in California with flat-plate solar water heating collectors on its roof. ... Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the sun. ... Schematic of a Solar updraft tower This article is about a type of power plant. ... Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction and retrofitting. ... When plotted on a logarithmic graph, 15 separate lists of paradigm shifts for key events in human history show an exponential trend. ... Tidal Energy, sometimes called tidal power, is the power achieved by capturing the energy contained in moving water in tides and open ocean currents. ... Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ... Similar or related terms: Near zero energy building, Zero energy house, Near zero energy house A zero energy building (ZEB) can be described as structure with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. ... The Toyota RAV4 EV was powered by twenty-four 12 volt batteries, with an operational cost equivalent of over 165 miles per gallon at 2005 US gasoline prices. ... “Velo” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Power-assisted cycle. ... A streetcar drawing current from a single overhead wire, returning current through the rails and ground An electric locomotive, taking power through a pantograph An electric vehicle, or EV, is a vehicle with one or more electric motors for propulsion. ... Sequel, a fuel cell powered vehicle from General Motors A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle, such as an automobile, aircraft, or any other kind of vehicle that uses hydrogen as its primary source of power for locomotion. ... A hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive the wheels directly. ... The number of US survey respondents willing to pay $4,000 more for a plug-in hybrid car increased from 17% in 2005 to 26% in 2006. ... A Petroleum Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) is a vehicle using an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. ... Å koda 14 Tr trolleybus in Vilnius, Lithuania. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... There is a large number of public transport systems in European towns that fulfill several of the BRT criteria given above, but they are rarely designated as BRT. Bus lanes and exclusive use of key city-centre streets is commonplace, and bus priority on approach to traffic lights is quite... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Production battery electric vehicles (BEVs) like the GM EV1 and Chevrolet S10 EV, Chrysler TEVan, Honda EV Plus, Ford Ranger EV, Nissan Altra, Toyota RAV4 EV, and Solectria Force have been made available to the consumer market in very limited quantities and locations. ... A low-energy vehicle is any type of vehicle that uses less energy than a regular vehicle. ... The Twike (TWin bIKE) is a Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) with hybrid human power as an option. ... Ugandan bicycle taxi or bodaboda Utility cycling encompasses any cycling not done primarily for fitness, recreation such as cycle touring, or sport such as cycle racing, but simply as a means of transport. ... This article is about vegetable oil used as fuel. ... In some countries, filling stations sell bio-diesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ... Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: It mainly aims at using the whole plant to improve the CO2 balance and the costs. ... // Definition Pyrolysis oil is under investigation as substitute for mineral oil. ... Alternate Fuels (alternate fuel), also known as non-conventional fuels, is any material or substance that can be used as a fuel, other than fossil fuels, or conventional fuels of petroleum (oil), coal, propane, and natural gas. ... Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for power train concepts differing to the standard internal combustion engine concept used in gasoline- or diesel-fueled vehicles. ... Ecodriving is a term used in Europe to name initiative which support energy efficient use of vehicles. ... In physics and engineering, energy conversion is any process of converting energy from one form to another. ... Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ... Distributed generation is a new trend in the generation of heat and electrical power. ... It has been suggested that Wind turbines (UK domestic) be merged into this article or section. ... A sustainable community energy system is an integrated approach to supplying a local community with its energy requirements from renewable energy or high-efficiency co-generation energy sources. ... Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) is a form of waste processing. ... Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of organic matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. ... Switchgrass, a hardy plant used in the biofuel industry in the United States Rice chaff. ... Blue energy is the energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water with the use of osmosis or reverse electro dialysis (RED) with ion specific membranes. ... A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ... Hydrogen production is done in bulk today from hydrocarbon fossil fuels via a chemical path. ... Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland Geothermal power is the use of geothermal heat to generate electricity. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Deep lake water cooling uses cold water pumped from the bottom of a lake as a heat sink for climate control systems. ... Hydraulic turbine and electrical generator. ... Tidal Energy, sometimes called tidal power, is the power achieved by capturing the energy contained in moving water in tides and open ocean currents. ... Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ... - Wave power refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work - including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). ... Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation whereby the natural flow and elevation drop of a river are used to generate electricity. ... A nuclear power station. ... Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ... // A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generator which obtains its power from radioactive decay. ... Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the sun. ... Active solar is a term which refers to the use of solar energy to actively convert the energy in sunlight into other forms. ... The Barra system, developed by Horazio Barra in Italy, is a passive solar building technology. ... Central solar heating is the provision of central heating and hot water from solar energy by a system in which the water is heated centrally by arrays of solar thermal collectors (central solar heating plants - CSHPs) and distributed through district heating pipe networks (or block heating systems in the case... Sharav Sluice Energy Tower An energy tower is a method for producing electrical power for consumer consumption, the brainchild of Dr. Phillip Carlson, which has been expanded upon by Professor Dan Zaslavsky. ... Photovoltaic tree in Styria, Austria The CIS Tower, Manchester, England, was clad in PV panels at a cost of £5. ... A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ... A solar combisystem is a solar heating system that provides both space heating and hot water from a common array of solar thermal collectors, normally linked to an auxiliary non-solar heat source. ... A laundromat in California with flat-plate solar water heating collectors on its roof. ... A Solar pond is large-scale solar energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. ... An artists depiction of a solar satellite, which could send energy wirelessly to a space vessel or planetary surface. ... A solar power tower is a solar power station based on a tower. ... Photovoltaic solar panels on a house roof. ... Solar Shingles (or Photovoltaic Shingles) are a new type of solar energy system that, at first glance, look like regular asphalt shingles but are actually photovoltaic cells (PV). ... Solar thermal energy is a technology for harnessing solar power for practical applications from solar heating to electrical power generation. ... A backyard installation of passive single–axis trackers, DC rated at 2340 watts. ... Schematic of a Solar updraft tower This article is about a type of power plant. ... Solar panels are used in passive and active solar hot water systems Passive solar is a term referring to those technologies that can be employed to convert sunlight into usable heat, to cause air-movement for ventilation or cooling, or to store the heat for future use, without the use... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Worldwide installed capacity and prediction 1997-2010, Source: WWEA Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into more useful forms, usually electricity using wind turbines. ... Wind turbines in Neuenkirchen, Dithmarschen (Germany). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Grid energy storage is the use of various energy storage techniques to complement electric power generation plants on the transmission grid. ... Thermal energy storage can refer to a number of technologies that store energy in a thermal reservoir for later reuse. ... A seasonal thermal store (also known as a seasonal heat store or inter-seasonal thermal store) is a store designed to retain heat deposited during the hot summer months for use during colder winter weather. ... Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ... It has been suggested that Green design be merged into this article or section. ... Sustainable architecture is building design that takes into account all aspects of the building that will affect and be affected by the environment. ... Sustainable landscape architecture is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of outdoor space. ... Environmental design is the process of addressing environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. ... Ecological economics is an approach to rather than a branch of economics that addresses the interdependence and co-evolution between human economies and natural ecosystems. ... Development economics is a branch of economics that deals with the study of macroeconomic causes of long term economic growth, and microeconomics; the incentive issues of individual households and firms, especially in developing countries. ... Green economics is an approach to economics in which the economy is considered to be a component of, and dependent upon, the natural world within which it resides and of which is it considered a part. ... Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored in. ... The triple bottom line captures an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational (and societal) success - economic, environmental and social. ... Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals: environmental stewardship, farm profitability, and prosperous farming communities. ... Subsistence farmers with a Treadle Pump. ... Forest gardening (also known as 3-Dimensional Gardening) is a food production and land management system based on replicating woodland ecosystems, substituting trees (such as fruit or nut trees), bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables which have yields directly useful to mankind. ... Humanure is a neologism designating human waste (feces and urine) that is recycled via composting for agricultural or other purposes. ... This is a list of companion plant relationships. ... This is a list of repellent plants. ... Ancient technique re-introduced by Masanobu Fukuoka. ... Vermicompost (also called worm compost, vermicast, worm castings, worm humus or worm manure) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by some species of earthworm. ... The earliest mention of the phrase sustainable industries appeared in 1990 in a story about a Japanese group reforesting a tropical forest to help create sustainable industries for the local populace. ... Parkland in Burkina Faso: Sorghum grown under Faidherbia albida and Borassus akeassii near Banfora, Burkina Faso Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. ... Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems1 instead of traditional forestry that maximizes economic productivity. ... Timber Exploitation of natural resources is an essential condition of the human existence. ... Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use and harvest energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal — the complete building life cycle. ... Green chemistry is a chemical philosophy encouraging the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ... Green Computing is the design of technological and computing products that reduce the use of hazardous substances and radiation. ... Natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. ... This article is about a concept related to renewable energy, of which sustainable energy is a superset. ... Sustainable forest management (SFM) is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development. ... Sustainable procurement is a spending and investment process typically associated with public policy, although it is equally applicable to the private sector. ... Girl on a bicycle in a car free area in Frankfurt Sustainable transport is a phrase which was coined in the late 20th century to describe all forms of transport which minimise emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants. ... The living machine at Oberlin College with a settlement tank in the foreground and filtering tanks in the background The concept of living machines represents a particularly interesting variant on intelligent machines, and has mostly been associated with water treatment systems that make use of natural bioremediation processes such as... Mycoremediation is a form of bioremediation, the process of using microbes to return an environment (usually soil) contaminated by pollutants to a less contaminated state. ... Appropriate technology is technology that is appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Off-the-grid. ... Cob building dated 1539 in Devon, England. ... Composting toilets use biological processes to deal with the disposal and processing of human excrement into organic compost material. ... The albedo of several types of roofs Cool roofs are an effective alternative to bulk attic insulation under roofs in humid tropical and subtropical climates. ... Earth covered farm houses in Keldur, Iceland. ... Re-creation of Viking houses in Labrador Several grass roofs can be seen in the village of Bøur in the Faroe Islands. ... Rammed earth walls form part of the entrance building for the Eden Project in Cornwall, England. ... Sheet composting is the process of composting organic matter directly onto the soil as a mulch and letting it decay there, rather than in a heap. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solar Tower. ... Further detailed information formerly in this article was moved to Wikibooks in May 2006 Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses straw bales as structural elements, insulation, or both. ... A windcatcher (Badgir; بادگیر) is a traditional Persian architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. ... Green Map of Cambridge, Massachusetts Green Maps are environmentally themed maps which are usually created as a grassroots effort with a symbol set licensed from the non-profit Green Map System. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... Sustainable development has also been defined as the process of balancing the need of humans for economic and social development with the need to protect the natural and built environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. ... Sustainable living might best be defined as a lifestyle that could, hypothetically, be sustained unmodified for many generations without exhausting any natural resources. ... The Natural Step is a systematic definition of sustainability developed by Swedish scientist, Karl-Henrik Robèrt. ... Permaculture Mandala summarising the ethics and principles of permaculture design. ... Similar or related terms: Near zero energy building, Zero energy house, Near zero energy house A zero energy building (ZEB) can be described as structure with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. ... Zoning in Permaculture design refers to a method of ensuring that elements are correctly placed. ... Contents // Categories: Stub | United Nations specialized agencies | Sustainability | Development ... Human development theory is an economic theory that merges older ideas from ecological economics, sustainable development, welfare economics, and feminist economics. ... Maldevelopment is the state of an organism or an organisation that did not develop in the normal way (used in medicine, e. ... The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, often shortened to Rio Declaration, was a short document produced at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit. ... According to its web site, Rocky Mountain Institute is an entrepreneurial nonprofit organization that fosters the efficient and restorative use of natural, human and other capital to make the world more secure, just, prosperous, and life-sustaining. ... Sim Van der Ryn is acknowledged as a leader in sustainable architecture. ... Underdevelopment is the state of an organism or of an organisation (e. ... The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) brings together some 190 international companies in a shared commitment to sustainable development through economic growth, ecological balance and social progress. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Earth Summit 2002. ... The precautionary principle is a moral and political principle which states that if an action or policy might cause severe or irreversible harm to the public, in the absence of a scientific consensus that harm would not ensue, the burden of proof falls on those who would advocate taking the... Practical Action - the working name of Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) – is a charity registered in the United Kingdom which works directly in four regions of the developing world – Latin America, East Africa, Southern Africa and South Asia, with particular concentration on Peru, Kenya, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka... Ecosystem services are processes by which the natural environment produces resources useful to people. ... Ecovillages are intended to be socially, economically and ecologically sustainable intentional communities. ... For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ... Energy consumption is a measure of the rate of energy use such as fuels or electricity. ... In physics and engineering, energy conversion is any process of converting energy from one form to another. ... Energy demand management is also known as demand side management (DSM). ... // Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide sustainable, accessible energy resources through knowledge, skills, and constructions. ... Infrastructural capital refers to any physical means of production or means of protection beyond that which can be gathered or found directly in nature, i. ... World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Enlarge image to read exclusions. ... Simple living (or voluntary simplicity) is a lifestyle individuals may pursue for a variety of motivations, such as spirituality, health, or ecology. ... This article is about a concept related to renewable energy, of which sustainable energy is a superset. ... The ton of oil equivalent (TOE) is a unit for measuring energy. ... In economics, value of Earth is the ultimate in ecosystem valuation, and important to value of life calculations. ... WASTE is a peer-to-peer and friend-to-friend protocol and software application developed by Justin Frankel at Nullsoft in 2003 that features instant messaging, chat rooms & file browsing/sharing capabilities. ... World power usage in TW (=1012 Watt), 1980-2004. ... Assembly of an Enercon E-70 wind turbine Modern technology uses large amounts of electrical power. ...