Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are a In ecology, a biome is a major regional group of distinctive plant and animal communities well adapted to the regions physical environment. The concept of a biome highlights the interaction among plant and animal populations, soil, water and air. A biome is discernible at a global scale, and a...
biome, generally located at subtropical and tropical latitudes.
It is characterized by
water: semi-arid
temperature: cool and dry season, warm and dry season, hot and rainy season
soil: fertile
plants: grass, infrequent clumps of deciduous trees
animals: many mammals, birds, insects…
See also: Tropical Savannas (alternate sp. savannah) are a grassland biome, dotted with trees, generally located at tropical latitudes. It is much drier than most tropical forest. Rainfall on savanna is between 50 and 150 centimeters (20 to 60 inches) a year, and can be very seasonal, with the entire years...
tropical savanna
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
The Afrotropic Ecozone is Africa south of the Sahara Desert. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone. The Afrotropic Ecozone Madagascar and neighboring islands form a distinctive sub-region of the ecozone, with numerous endemic taxa like the lemurs. Madagascar and the Comoros and Mascarene Islands, are volcanic islands...
Afrotropic ecozone
Angolan Miombo woodlands ( This article is about the nation, for the prison see Angola Prison Angola is a maritime country in southwestern Africa bordering Namibia, Congo-Brazzaville and Zambia and with a west coast along the Portuguese colony, it has considerable natural resources, among which oil and diamonds are the most relevant. The...
Angola) Angolan Mopane woodlands ( This article is about the nation, for the prison see Angola Prison Angola is a maritime country in southwestern Africa bordering Namibia, Congo-Brazzaville and Zambia and with a west coast along the Portuguese colony, it has considerable natural resources, among which oil and diamonds are the most relevant. The...
Angola, The Republic of Namibia is a country in southwest Africa, on the Atlantic coast. It is bordered by Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. It gained independence from South Africa in 1990, and as such it is one of the...
Namibia) Ascension scrub and grasslands ( Ascension Island is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean, and one of a number of hotspot oceanic islands in the South Atlantic (which include the sister islands of Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha. The capital is Georgetown. The island became a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922 after...
Ascension Island) Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands ( This article is about the nation, for the prison see Angola Prison Angola is a maritime country in southwestern Africa bordering Namibia, Congo-Brazzaville and Zambia and with a west coast along the Portuguese colony, it has considerable natural resources, among which oil and diamonds are the most relevant. The...
Angola, Burundi is a small landlocked nation in the Great Lakes region of Africa. It is bordered by Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. National motto: Unité, Travail, Progrès (French: Unity, Work, Progress) Languages Kirundi (official), French, Swahili Capital Bujumbura President Domitien Ndayizeye Area - Total - % water Ranked...
Burundi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, called Zaïre between 1971 and 1997, is a nation in central Africa. It is sometimes called Congo-Kinshasa, after its capital, to distinguish it from the Republic of Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville. It borders on Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan...
Democratic Republic of the Congo, The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. The correct title is Malaŵi. Malaŵi is a nation in east Africa. It is bordered by Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique. National motto: Unity and Freedom Official languages English (official), Chichewa (official), others Capital...
Malawi, The United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on...
Tanzania, Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. It borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. Zambias capital and largest city is Lusaka. National motto: One Zambia, One Nation Official languages English Capital Lusaka 15° 00′ S, 30° 00...
Zambia) East Sudanian savanna ( The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central Africa. It borders Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and the Gulf of Guinea. The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroons merged in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon which in...
Cameroon, The Central African Republic, formerly the French colony of Ubangi-Shari, became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule — mostly by military governments — a civilian government was installed in 1993. The capital is Chad, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic...
Central African Republic, Chad (disambiguation). The Republic of Chad (تشاد) is a land-locked nation in central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west. Due to its distance...
Chad, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, called Zaïre between 1971 and 1997, is a nation in central Africa. It is sometimes called Congo-Kinshasa, after its capital, to distinguish it from the Republic of Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville. It borders on Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan...
Democratic Republic of the Congo, This article is about the African nation. For the Greek city, see Eretria. National motto: None Official languages Tigrigna, Arabic and English Capital Asmara President Isaias Afewerki Area - Total - % water Ranked 96th 121,320 km² Negligible Population - Total (2002) - Density Ranked 118th 4,298,269 37...
Eritrea, This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Ityopiya, Amharic ኢትዮጵያ) is a country situated in an area known as the Horn of Africa. It has one of the most...
Ethiopia, Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. States Main article: States of Sudan Sudan has 26 states or wilayat: Al Jazirah, Al Qadarif, Bahr al Jabal, Blue Nile, East Equatoria, Junqali, Kassala, Khartoum, Lakes, North Bahr al...
Sudan, The Republic of Uganda is a country in east central Africa. It is bordered in the east by Kenya, in the north by Sudan, by the Democratic Republic of Congo in the west, Rwanda in the southwest and Tanzania in the south. The southern part of the country includes a...
Uganda) Eastern Miombo woodlands ( Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa, bordering South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries and the Commonwealth of Nations. Its capital and largest city is Maputo, located in the southern edge of the country. National motto: n...
Mozambique, The United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on...
Tanzania) Guinean forest-savanna mosaic ( The Republic of Benin is a nation of western Africa, formerly known as Dahomey. It has a small coast line with the Bight of Benin in the south, borders Togo in the west, Nigeria in the east, and Burkina Faso and Niger in the north. National motto: Fraternit Justice, Travail...
Benin, Burkina Faso is a landlocked nation of western Africa. It is surrounded by six countries. Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and the Côte dIvoire to the south west. National motto: Unité, Progr...
Burkina Faso, The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central Africa. It borders Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and the Gulf of Guinea. The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroons merged in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon which in...
Cameroon, The Republic of the Gambia is a nation in West Africa. It is entirely surrounded by Senegal, except for where the Gambia River empties into the Atlantic Ocean. In 1965, The Gambia became independent from the British Empire. Banjul is its capital. National motto: Progress, Peace, Prosperity Official language English...
Gambia, The Republic of Ghana is a nation of Africa, specifically West Africa within Sub-Saharan Africa. It borders Côte dIvoire to the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo to the east, and borders the Gulf of Guinea to its south. National motto: Freedom and Justice Official language...
Ghana, The Republic of Guinea is a nation of northwest Africa. National motto: Travail, Justice, Solidarité (French: Work, Justice, Solidarity) Official language French (official), Fula, Arabic, others Capital and largest city Conakry Capitals coordinates 9° 30′ N, 13° 43′ W President Lansana Conté Prime Minister Cellou Dalein Diallo...
Guinea, The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country on the Atlantic coast of western Africa. The small country, a former Portuguese colony, is bounded on the north by Senegal, to the south and east by Guinea, and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Its capital is Bissau. National motto...
Guinea Bissau, Côte dIvoire (often called Ivory Coast in English; see below about the name) is a country in West Africa. It borders Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Ghana to the west, north, and east, and borders the Gulf of Guinea to its south. One of the most...
Côte d'Ivoire, The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, the former capital Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Port Harcourt...
Nigeria, The Republic of Senegal is a country south of the Senegal River in West Africa. Senegal is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south. The Gambia forms a virtual enclave within Senegal, following...
Senegal, See also Togoville for the town formerly known as Togo The Togolese Republic is a country in West Africa, bordering Ghana in the west, Benin in the east and Burkina Faso in the north. In the south, it has a small Gulf of Guinea coast, on which the capital Lom...
Togo) Itigi-Sumbu thicket ( The United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on...
Tanzania, Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. It borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. Zambias capital and largest city is Lusaka. National motto: One Zambia, One Nation Official languages English Capital Lusaka 15° 00′ S, 30° 00...
Zambia) Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands ( The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana) is a landlocked nation of southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent on September 30, 1966. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Namibia to the west, Zambia to the north, and...
Botswana, The Republic of Namibia is a country in southwest Africa, on the Atlantic coast. It is bordered by Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. It gained independence from South Africa in 1990, and as such it is one of the...
Namibia, The Republic of South Africa (pronunciation) is a large republic in Southern Africa. It is located at the southern tip of the continent, and borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. The small nation of Lesotho is entirely contained within South African territory. Its economy is the largest and most...
South Africa, The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Victoria Falls, Zambezi river, Kariba Dam and Limpopo river. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the north and Mozambique to the east...
Zimbabwe) Mandara Plateau mosaic ( The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central Africa. It borders Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and the Gulf of Guinea. The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroons merged in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon which in...
Cameroon, The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, the former capital Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Port Harcourt...
Nigeria) Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets ( This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Ityopiya, Amharic ኢትዮጵያ) is a country situated in an area known as the Horn of Africa. It has one of the most...
Ethiopia, Kenya (pronounced either as KEN-ya or as KEEN-ya, the former being more common and thought to be correct) is a country of eastern Africa, bordering Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is its capital and largest city. National motto: Harambee (Swahili: Lets work...
Kenya, Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. States Main article: States of Sudan Sudan has 26 states or wilayat: Al Jazirah, Al Qadarif, Bahr al Jabal, Blue Nile, East Equatoria, Junqali, Kassala, Khartoum, Lakes, North Bahr al...
Sudan, The Republic of Uganda is a country in east central Africa. It is bordered in the east by Kenya, in the north by Sudan, by the Democratic Republic of Congo in the west, Rwanda in the southwest and Tanzania in the south. The southern part of the country includes a...
Uganda) Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic ( The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central Africa. It borders Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and the Gulf of Guinea. The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroons merged in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon which in...
Cameroon, The Central African Republic, formerly the French colony of Ubangi-Shari, became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule — mostly by military governments — a civilian government was installed in 1993. The capital is Chad, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic...
Central African Republic, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, called Zaïre between 1971 and 1997, is a nation in central Africa. It is sometimes called Congo-Kinshasa, after its capital, to distinguish it from the Republic of Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville. It borders on Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan...
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. States Main article: States of Sudan Sudan has 26 states or wilayat: Al Jazirah, Al Qadarif, Bahr al Jabal, Blue Nile, East Equatoria, Junqali, Kassala, Khartoum, Lakes, North Bahr al...
Sudan, The Republic of Uganda is a country in east central Africa. It is bordered in the east by Kenya, in the north by Sudan, by the Democratic Republic of Congo in the west, Rwanda in the southwest and Tanzania in the south. The southern part of the country includes a...
Uganda) Sahelian Acacia savanna ( Burkina Faso is a landlocked nation of western Africa. It is surrounded by six countries. Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and the Côte dIvoire to the south west. National motto: Unité, Progr...
Burkina Faso, The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central Africa. It borders Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and the Gulf of Guinea. The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroons merged in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon which in...
Cameroon, Chad (disambiguation). The Republic of Chad (تشاد) is a land-locked nation in central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west. Due to its distance...
Chad, This article is about the African nation. For the Greek city, see Eretria. National motto: None Official languages Tigrigna, Arabic and English Capital Asmara President Isaias Afewerki Area - Total - % water Ranked 96th 121,320 km² Negligible Population - Total (2002) - Density Ranked 118th 4,298,269 37...
Eritrea, This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Ityopiya, Amharic ኢትዮጵያ) is a country situated in an area known as the Horn of Africa. It has one of the most...
Ethiopia, The Republic of Mali is a country in west Africa, formerly a French colony. National motto: Un peuple, un but, une foi (French: One people, one goal, one faith) Official language French (official), Bambara, others Capital Bamako President Amadou Toumani Touré Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi Maïga Area - Total...
Mali, The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is a country in northwest Africa. Its coast faces the Atlantic Ocean, between Western Sahara on the north and Senegal on the south. It should not be confused with the ancient country of Mauretania. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only countries not to use a...
Mauritania, Niger (Pronounced Nījer) is a landlocked sub-Saharan country in Western Africa situated north of Nigeria and south of Algeria and Libya, named after the Niger river. The capital city is Niamey. National motto: Fraternité, Travail, Progrès (French: Fraternity, Work, Progress) Official language French (official), Hausa, Djerma...
Niger, The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, the former capital Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Port Harcourt...
Nigeria, The Republic of Senegal is a country south of the Senegal River in West Africa. Senegal is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south. The Gambia forms a virtual enclave within Senegal, following...
Senegal, Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. States Main article: States of Sudan Sudan has 26 states or wilayat: Al Jazirah, Al Qadarif, Bahr al Jabal, Blue Nile, East Equatoria, Junqali, Kassala, Khartoum, Lakes, North Bahr al...
Sudan) Serengeti volcanic grasslands ( The United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on...
Tanzania) Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets ( This article is about the African nation. For the Greek city, see Eretria. National motto: None Official languages Tigrigna, Arabic and English Capital Asmara President Isaias Afewerki Area - Total - % water Ranked 96th 121,320 km² Negligible Population - Total (2002) - Density Ranked 118th 4,298,269 37...
Eritrea, This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Ityopiya, Amharic ኢትዮጵያ) is a country situated in an area known as the Horn of Africa. It has one of the most...
Ethiopia, Kenya (pronounced either as KEN-ya or as KEEN-ya, the former being more common and thought to be correct) is a country of eastern Africa, bordering Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is its capital and largest city. National motto: Harambee (Swahili: Lets work...
Kenya, Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال, As-Sumal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is an African country that exists solely in a de jure capacity. Somalia has no recognized central government authority, no national currency, nor any other feature associated with a well...
Somalia, Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. States Main article: States of Sudan Sudan has 26 states or wilayat: Al Jazirah, Al Qadarif, Bahr al Jabal, Blue Nile, East Equatoria, Junqali, Kassala, Khartoum, Lakes, North Bahr al...
Sudan) Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets ( Kenya (pronounced either as KEN-ya or as KEEN-ya, the former being more common and thought to be correct) is a country of eastern Africa, bordering Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is its capital and largest city. National motto: Harambee (Swahili: Lets work...
Kenya, The United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on...
Tanzania) Southern Africa bushveld ( The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana) is a landlocked nation of southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent on September 30, 1966. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Namibia to the west, Zambia to the north, and...
Botswana, The Republic of South Africa (pronunciation) is a large republic in Southern Africa. It is located at the southern tip of the continent, and borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. The small nation of Lesotho is entirely contained within South African territory. Its economy is the largest and most...
South Africa, The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Victoria Falls, Zambezi river, Kariba Dam and Limpopo river. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the north and Mozambique to the east...
Zimbabwe) Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic ( This article is about the nation, for the prison see Angola Prison Angola is a maritime country in southwestern Africa bordering Namibia, Congo-Brazzaville and Zambia and with a west coast along the Portuguese colony, it has considerable natural resources, among which oil and diamonds are the most relevant. The...
Angola, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, called Zaïre between 1971 and 1997, is a nation in central Africa. It is sometimes called Congo-Kinshasa, after its capital, to distinguish it from the Republic of Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville. It borders on Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan...
Democratic Republic of the Congo) Southern Miombo woodlands ( The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. The correct title is Malaŵi. Malaŵi is a nation in east Africa. It is bordered by Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique. National motto: Unity and Freedom Official languages English (official), Chichewa (official), others Capital...
Malawi, Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa, bordering South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries and the Commonwealth of Nations. Its capital and largest city is Maputo, located in the southern edge of the country. National motto: n...
Mozambique, Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. It borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. Zambias capital and largest city is Lusaka. National motto: One Zambia, One Nation Official languages English Capital Lusaka 15° 00′ S, 30° 00...
Zambia, The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Victoria Falls, Zambezi river, Kariba Dam and Limpopo river. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the north and Mozambique to the east...
Zimbabwe) Saint Helena scrub and woodlands ( For alternate uses, see Saint Helena (disambiguation). This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. Saint Helena refers to both an island in the South Atlantic Ocean 2,800 km off the west coast of Africa belonging to the United Kingdom...
Saint Helena) Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic ( Burundi is a small landlocked nation in the Great Lakes region of Africa. It is bordered by Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. National motto: Unité, Travail, Progrès (French: Unity, Work, Progress) Languages Kirundi (official), French, Swahili Capital Bujumbura President Domitien Ndayizeye Area - Total - % water Ranked...
Burundi, Kenya (pronounced either as KEN-ya or as KEEN-ya, the former being more common and thought to be correct) is a country of eastern Africa, bordering Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is its capital and largest city. National motto: Harambee (Swahili: Lets work...
Kenya, Rwanda is a country in central Africa. It is bordered by Uganda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. The indigenous population consists of three ethnic groups. The Hutus, who comprise the majority of the population, are farmers of Bantu origin. The Tutsis are a pastoral people who arrived...
Rwanda, The United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on...
Tanzania, The Republic of Uganda is a country in east central Africa. It is bordered in the east by Kenya, in the north by Sudan, by the Democratic Republic of Congo in the west, Rwanda in the southwest and Tanzania in the south. The southern part of the country includes a...
Uganda) West Sudanian savanna ( The Republic of Benin is a nation of western Africa, formerly known as Dahomey. It has a small coast line with the Bight of Benin in the south, borders Togo in the west, Nigeria in the east, and Burkina Faso and Niger in the north. National motto: Fraternit Justice, Travail...
Benin, Burkina Faso is a landlocked nation of western Africa. It is surrounded by six countries. Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and the Côte dIvoire to the south west. National motto: Unité, Progr...
Burkina Faso, The Republic of the Gambia is a nation in West Africa. It is entirely surrounded by Senegal, except for where the Gambia River empties into the Atlantic Ocean. In 1965, The Gambia became independent from the British Empire. Banjul is its capital. National motto: Progress, Peace, Prosperity Official language English...
Gambia, The Republic of Ghana is a nation of Africa, specifically West Africa within Sub-Saharan Africa. It borders Côte dIvoire to the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo to the east, and borders the Gulf of Guinea to its south. National motto: Freedom and Justice Official language...
Ghana, The Republic of Guinea is a nation of northwest Africa. National motto: Travail, Justice, Solidarité (French: Work, Justice, Solidarity) Official language French (official), Fula, Arabic, others Capital and largest city Conakry Capitals coordinates 9° 30′ N, 13° 43′ W President Lansana Conté Prime Minister Cellou Dalein Diallo...
Guinea, Côte dIvoire (often called Ivory Coast in English; see below about the name) is a country in West Africa. It borders Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Ghana to the west, north, and east, and borders the Gulf of Guinea to its south. One of the most...
Côte d'Ivoire, Niger (Pronounced Nījer) is a landlocked sub-Saharan country in Western Africa situated north of Nigeria and south of Algeria and Libya, named after the Niger river. The capital city is Niamey. National motto: Fraternité, Travail, Progrès (French: Fraternity, Work, Progress) Official language French (official), Hausa, Djerma...
Niger, The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, the former capital Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Port Harcourt...
Nigeria, The Republic of Senegal is a country south of the Senegal River in West Africa. Senegal is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south. The Gambia forms a virtual enclave within Senegal, following...
Senegal) Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic ( This article is about the nation, for the prison see Angola Prison Angola is a maritime country in southwestern Africa bordering Namibia, Congo-Brazzaville and Zambia and with a west coast along the Portuguese colony, it has considerable natural resources, among which oil and diamonds are the most relevant. The...
Angola, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, called Zaïre between 1971 and 1997, is a nation in central Africa. It is sometimes called Congo-Kinshasa, after its capital, to distinguish it from the Republic of Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville. It borders on Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan...
Democratic Republic of the Congo, The Republic of the Congo, also known as Middle Congo, Congo-Brazzaville, and Congo (but not to be confused with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, which was also at one time known as the Republic of the Congo), is a former French colony of west-central Africa...
Republic of the Congo) Western Zambezian grasslands ( This article is about the nation, for the prison see Angola Prison Angola is a maritime country in southwestern Africa bordering Namibia, Congo-Brazzaville and Zambia and with a west coast along the Portuguese colony, it has considerable natural resources, among which oil and diamonds are the most relevant. The...
Angola, Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. It borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. Zambias capital and largest city is Lusaka. National motto: One Zambia, One Nation Official languages English Capital Lusaka 15° 00′ S, 30° 00...
Zambia) Zambezian and Mopane woodlands ( The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana) is a landlocked nation of southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent on September 30, 1966. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Namibia to the west, Zambia to the north, and...
Botswana, The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. The correct title is Malaŵi. Malaŵi is a nation in east Africa. It is bordered by Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique. National motto: Unity and Freedom Official languages English (official), Chichewa (official), others Capital...
Malawi, Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa, bordering South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries and the Commonwealth of Nations. Its capital and largest city is Maputo, located in the southern edge of the country. National motto: n...
Mozambique, The Republic of Namibia is a country in southwest Africa, on the Atlantic coast. It is bordered by Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. It gained independence from South Africa in 1990, and as such it is one of the...
Namibia, The Republic of South Africa (pronunciation) is a large republic in Southern Africa. It is located at the southern tip of the continent, and borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. The small nation of Lesotho is entirely contained within South African territory. Its economy is the largest and most...
South Africa, The Kingdom of Swaziland is a small country in southern Africa, embedded between South Africa in the west and Mozambique in the east. National motto: Siyinqaba (Swati: We are the fortress) Official language Swati and English Capitals Mbabane: administrative Lobamba: royal and legislative King Mswati III Prime Minister Themba Dlamini...
Swaziland, Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. It borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. Zambias capital and largest city is Lusaka. National motto: One Zambia, One Nation Official languages English Capital Lusaka 15° 00′ S, 30° 00...
Zambia, The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Victoria Falls, Zambezi river, Kariba Dam and Limpopo river. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the north and Mozambique to the east...
Zimbabwe) Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands ( This article is about the nation, for the prison see Angola Prison Angola is a maritime country in southwestern Africa bordering Namibia, Congo-Brazzaville and Zambia and with a west coast along the Portuguese colony, it has considerable natural resources, among which oil and diamonds are the most relevant. The...
Angola, The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana) is a landlocked nation of southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent on September 30, 1966. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Namibia to the west, Zambia to the north, and...
Botswana, The Republic of Namibia is a country in southwest Africa, on the Atlantic coast. It is bordered by Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. It gained independence from South Africa in 1990, and as such it is one of the...
Namibia, Zambia is a republic in south central Africa. It borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. Zambias capital and largest city is Lusaka. National motto: One Zambia, One Nation Official languages English Capital Lusaka 15° 00′ S, 30° 00...
Zambia, The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Victoria Falls, Zambezi river, Kariba Dam and Limpopo river. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the north and Mozambique to the east...
Zimbabwe)
The Australasian ecozone includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku) and islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba...
Australasia ecozone
Arnhem Land tropical savanna ( Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/ Oceania. It also includes a number of secondary islands, the largest of which is Tasmania, an Australian State. Australia is...
Australia) Brigalow tropical savanna ( Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/ Oceania. It also includes a number of secondary islands, the largest of which is Tasmania, an Australian State. Australia is...
Australia) Cape York tropical savanna ( Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/ Oceania. It also includes a number of secondary islands, the largest of which is Tasmania, an Australian State. Australia is...
Australia) Carpentaria tropical savanna ( Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/ Oceania. It also includes a number of secondary islands, the largest of which is Tasmania, an Australian State. Australia is...
Australia) Einasleigh upland savanna ( Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/ Oceania. It also includes a number of secondary islands, the largest of which is Tasmania, an Australian State. Australia is...
Australia) Kimberly tropical savanna ( Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/ Oceania. It also includes a number of secondary islands, the largest of which is Tasmania, an Australian State. Australia is...
Australia) Mitchell grass downs ( Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/ Oceania. It also includes a number of secondary islands, the largest of which is Tasmania, an Australian State. Australia is...
Australia) Trans Fly savanna and grasslands ( The Republic of Indonesia, the worlds largest archipelago, is located between the Southeast Asian peninsula and Australia, between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world and the fourth most populous overall. It has had free elections since the Indonesian 1998...
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea (the other half is the Papua province of Indonesia). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, north of Australia, and west of the Solomon Islands. National motto: Official languages English...
Papua New Guinea) Victoria Plains tropical savanna ( Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in the region of Australasia/ Oceania. It also includes a number of secondary islands, the largest of which is Tasmania, an Australian State. Australia is...
Australia)
The Indomalaya Ecozone was previously called the Oriental region. The Indomalaya Ecozone It extends from the Makran region of southern Pakistan through the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the...
Indomalaya ecozone
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ( The Kingdom of Bhutan is a small, mountainous nation of south Asia, located in the Himalaya Mountains between China. The local name for the country, Druk Yul (pronounced dru ü), means land of the dragon; it is also called Druk Tsendhen, land of the thunder dragon, as the thunder there is...
Bhutan, The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of more than one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area. India has grown significantly, both in population and in strategic importance in the last two decades. The Indian economy is...
India, The Kingdom of Nepal, situated in the Himalaya, is the worlds only Hindu kingdom. It is in South Asia, sharing borders with China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and India. National motto: जननी जन्मभूमिष्च स्वर...
Nepal)
The Nearctic is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones dividing the Earths land surface. The Nearctic Ecozone The Nearctic ecozone covers most of North America, including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico. Southern Mexico, southern Florida, Central America, and the Caribbean islands are part of the Neotropic ecozone, together...
Nearctic ecozone
Western Gulf coastal grasslands ( The United Mexican States or Mexico ( Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by...
Mexico, The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii...
United States)
The Neotropic ecozone is a terrestrial ecoregion which includes South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It has distinct fauna and flora from the Nearctic because its long separation from the northern continent. The Neotropic Ecozone This ecozone includes South and Central America, the Mexican lowlands, the Caribbean islands, and...
Neotropic ecozone
Arid Argentina, near the border to Paraguay. Also known as the Green Hell, this region is known for its extreme weather conditions. Frequent droughts make for desert-like parts of the geography. Yet, torrential rains and occasional floods create areas of rainforest habitat. A variety of poisonous snakes inhabit the area...
Chaco ( Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast and Chile in the west. The country is formally named Rep...
Argentina) Beni savanna ( The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west. National motto: Firme y Feliz por la Unión Official languages Spanish, Quechua, Aymara...
Bolivia) Campos Rupestres montane savanna ( The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it borders Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela...
Brazil) Cerrado woodlands and savannas ( The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west. National motto: Firme y Feliz por la Unión Official languages Spanish, Quechua, Aymara...
Bolivia, The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it borders Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela...
Brazil, The Republic of Paraguay is a landlocked republic in South America. Lying on both banks of the Paraguay River, it borders Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the northeast and Bolivia to the northwest. The name Paraguay is derived from the Guarani words pará, meaning river and guay...
Paraguay) Clipperton Island (locally known as Île Clipperton and sometimes Île de la Passion) is an uninhabited seven-square-kilometer coral atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,300 km southwest of Mexico, at 10°18′ N 109°13′ W. It is a...
Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands (Clipperton Island is an overseas territory of The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a...
France) Córdoba montane savanna ( Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast and Chile in the west. The country is formally named Rep...
Argentina) Guyanan savanna ( The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it borders Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela...
Brazil, The Co-operative Republic of Guyana is a nation along the northern coastline of South America. It constitutes the western part of the wider region of Guiana (an Amerindian word meaning Land of Many Waters), and is bordered to the east by Suriname, to the south by Brazil, to the...
Guyana, The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela)1 is a country in northern South America.2 It borders the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Off the Venezuelan coast are...
Venezuela) Humid Argentina, near the border to Paraguay. Also known as the Green Hell, this region is known for its extreme weather conditions. Frequent droughts make for desert-like parts of the geography. Yet, torrential rains and occasional floods create areas of rainforest habitat. A variety of poisonous snakes inhabit the area...
Chaco ( Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast and Chile in the west. The country is formally named Rep...
Argentina, The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it borders Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela...
Brazil, The Republic of Paraguay is a landlocked republic in South America. Lying on both banks of the Paraguay River, it borders Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the northeast and Bolivia to the northwest. The name Paraguay is derived from the Guarani words pará, meaning river and guay...
Paraguay) The Llanos (Los Llanos) is a vast tropical grassland plain situated at the east of the Andes in northwestern South America (Colombia and Venezuela). Its main river is the Orinoco. Despite poor climate, during the colonial era, llaneros (similar to the gauchos of the pampas) herded millions of head of...
Llanos ( For other uses see Columbia. The Republic of Colombia is a country in north-western South America. It is bound to the north and north-west by the Caribbean Sea, to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru, and to the west by Panama...
Colombia, The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela)1 is a country in northern South America.2 It borders the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Off the Venezuelan coast are...
Venezuela) Uruguayan savanna ( Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast and Chile in the west. The country is formally named Rep...
Argentina, The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it borders Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela...
Brazil, The Republic Eastern of the Uruguay (Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay), is a Spanish speaking country located in southern South America. The nation is triangular in shape and is bordered by Brazil to the north, the Uruguay River to the west, the estuary of the Rio de la Plata...
Uruguay)
Oceania is the smallest of the worlds terrestrial ecozones, and unique in not including any continental land mass. The ecozone includes the Pacific Ocean islands of Micronesia, the Fijian Islands, and most of Polynesia (with the exception of New Zealand). New Zealand and most of Melanesia, including New Guinea...
Oceania ecozone
Hawaii tropical high shrublands ( State nickname: The Aloha State Other U.S. States Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Governor Linda Lingle Official languages Hawaiian and English Area 28,337 km² (43rd) - Land 16,649 km² - Water 11,672 km² (41.2%) Population ( 2000) - Population 1,211...
Hawaii) Hawaii tropical low shrublands ( State nickname: The Aloha State Other U.S. States Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Governor Linda Lingle Official languages Hawaiian and English Area 28,337 km² (43rd) - Land 16,649 km² - Water 11,672 km² (41.2%) Population ( 2000) - Population 1,211...
Hawaii) Northwestern Hawaii scrub ( State nickname: The Aloha State Other U.S. States Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Governor Linda Lingle Official languages Hawaiian and English Area 28,337 km² (43rd) - Land 16,649 km² - Water 11,672 km² (41.2%) Population ( 2000) - Population 1,211...
Hawaii)
Terrestrial In ecology, a biome is a major regional group of distinctive plant and animal communities well adapted to the regions physical environment. The concept of a biome highlights the interaction among plant and animal populations, soil, water and air. A biome is discernible at a global scale, and a...
biomes
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical rain forests, are a tropical and subtropical biome. Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests are found in a belt around the equator and in the humid subtropics, and are characterized by warm, humid climates with high year-round rainfall. Tropical...
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Introduction Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests is a biome located at tropical and subtropical latitudes. Though these forests occur in climates that are warm year-round, and may receive several hundred centimeters or rain per year, they deal with long dry seasons which last several months and vary with...
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests are a biome located at tropical and subtropical latitudes. See also; See also forest, Trees of the world Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregions External link : info on this biome Categories: Terrestrial biomes | Conifers ...
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests are a temperate and humid biome. It is characterized by water : available (rainy) temperature : cool and warm season soil : fertile plants : deciduous trees animals : many mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, arachnides… See also forest, temperate hardwood forest, trees of the...
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Temperate coniferous forests are a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest. In most temperate coniferous forests, evergreen conifers predominate, while some are a mix of conifers and broadleaf evergreen trees and/or broadleaf deciduous...
Temperate coniferous forests | Taiga (SAMPA /taIg@/, from Russian тайга́) is a biome characterized by its coniferous forests. In Canada, the term boreal forest is used to refer to the southern part of this biome; the term taiga is used to described the more barren northern areas south of...
Boreal forests/taiga | Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a group of biomes in which the climate is temperate to semi-arid. water: semi arid (wet season, dry season in summer) temperature: warm to hot season (often with a cold to freezing season in winter) soil: fertile plants: grass animals: many mammals, birds...
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | Flooded grasslands and savannas are a biome, generally located at subtropical and tropical latitudes, where flooding is very frequent. It is characterized by water : very wet temperature : warm soils : nutrient rich soil Flooded grasslands and savannas ecoregions External link more on this biome Categories: Terrestrial biomes ...
Flooded grasslands and savannas | Montane grasslands and shrublands is biome defined by the World Wildlife Fund. The biome includes at high altitude (montane, subalpine, and alpine) grasslands and shrublands around the world. Montane grasslands and shrublands, particularly in subtropical and tropical regions, often evolved as virtual islands, separated from other montane regions by warmer...
Montane grasslands and shrublands | In physical geography, tundra is an area where tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from the Sami language (through Russian), meaning treeless plain. There are three types of tundra: arctic tundra, antarctic tundra, and alpine tundra. In all of these types...
Tundra | Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Shrub is a temperate biome, characterized by hot-dry summers and mild and rainy winters. Nearly all of the rainfall occurs in the winter and spring rainy season. Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Shrub ecoregions occur in the worlds five mediterranean-climate zones, which all occur on...
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub | Deserts and xeric shrublands is a biome in which the climate is very dry, either hot or cold It is characterized by water : almost none temperature : hot or cold soil : very limited plants : very sparse (succulents) animal : very sparse (insect, reptiles, arachnids, nocturnal birds) Colorado...
Deserts and xeric shrublands | Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal Mangroves are woody trees or shrubs that grow in mangrove habitats or mangal (Hogarth, 1999). The mangrove is often considered a type of biome. Mangrove habitat is exclusively tropical and tidal, and therefore having soil or sediment that is...
Mangrove
Ecozone is a classification system of the world first proposed by Miklos Udvardy under the name biogeographical realms for conservation purposes. It defines 8 biogeographical realms with unifying features of geography, fauna and flora. Map of the worlds ecozones Violet: Nearctic Green: Palearctic Orange: Afrotropic Red: Indomalaya Olive: Australasia...
Ecozones
The Afrotropic Ecozone is Africa south of the Sahara Desert. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone. The Afrotropic Ecozone Madagascar and neighboring islands form a distinctive sub-region of the ecozone, with numerous endemic taxa like the lemurs. Madagascar and the Comoros and Mascarene Islands, are volcanic islands...
Afrotropic | Antarctica is one of eight terrestrial ecozones. The ecozone includes Antarctica and several island groups in the southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The continent of Antarctica has been too cold and dry to support virtually any vascular plants for millions of years, and its flora presently consists of around 250...
Antarctic | The Australasian ecozone includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku) and islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba...
Australasia | The Indomalaya Ecozone was previously called the Oriental region. The Indomalaya Ecozone It extends from the Makran region of southern Pakistan through the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the...
Indomalaya | The Nearctic is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones dividing the Earths land surface. The Nearctic Ecozone The Nearctic ecozone covers most of North America, including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico. Southern Mexico, southern Florida, Central America, and the Caribbean islands are part of the Neotropic ecozone, together...
Nearctic | The Neotropic ecozone is a terrestrial ecoregion which includes South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It has distinct fauna and flora from the Nearctic because its long separation from the northern continent. The Neotropic Ecozone This ecozone includes South and Central America, the Mexican lowlands, the Caribbean islands, and...
Neotropic | Oceania is the smallest of the worlds terrestrial ecozones, and unique in not including any continental land mass. The ecozone includes the Pacific Ocean islands of Micronesia, the Fijian Islands, and most of Polynesia (with the exception of New Zealand). New Zealand and most of Melanesia, including New Guinea...
Oceania | The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth surface (see map). Physically, the Palearctic is the largest ecozone. It includes the terrestrial ecoregions of Europe, Asia north of the Himalaya foothills, northern Africa, and the northern and central parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The Palearctic...
Palearctic
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are a grasslandbiome located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes.
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests · Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests · Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests · Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests · Temperate coniferous forests · Boreal forests/taiga ;·
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Flooded grasslands and savannas · Montane grasslands and shrublands · Tundra ·Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub · Deserts and xeric shrublands · Mangrove
Grasslands are often located between temperate forests at high latitudes and deserts at subtropical latitudes.
Tropical and subtropical grasslands are classified with tropical and subtropical savannas and shrublands as the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.
Temperate grasslands are mid-latitude grasslands, including the Prairie of North America, the Pampa of Argentina, calcerous downland, and the steppes of Europe.