Tsing Ma Bridge (青馬大橋) by night

Tsing Ma Bridge (Chinese: 青馬大橋; Cantonese: cing1 maa5 daai6 kiu4; Mandarin: Qīngmǎ dàqiáo) (named after two islands of Tsing Yi (青衣島) and Ma Wan (馬灣) in Cantonese), of Hong Kong is the world's sixth largest suspension bridge (22° 21N, 114° 04 E). It has two decks and carries both road and rail traffic, which also makes it the largest suspension bridge of this type. The upper deck carries a dual three-lane carriageway and there are two tracks of railway and a two-lane emergency roadway in the lower deck for maintenance and the diversion of traffic during high winds. It has a main span of 1,377 metres (4,518 ft) (more than the famous Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco) and a height of 206 metres (676 ft). The span is the largest of all bridges in the world carrying rail traffic. Image File history File linksMetadata Bridge1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Bridge1. ... Jyutping (Traditional Chinese: 粵拼; Simplified Chinese: 粤拼; pinyin: yuèpÄ«n; Yale: yuhtpÄ«ng; Jyutping: jyut6ping3; sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. ... Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; Pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n), also known as scheme of the Chinese phonetic alphabet (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音方案; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音方案; Pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n fāngàn), while pin means spell(ing) and yin means sound(s)), is a system of romanization (phonemic notation... Tsing Yi (青衣), or Tsing Yi Island (青衣島) is an island of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island. ... Ma Wan (馬灣) is an island of Hong Kong, located between Lantau Island and Tsing Yi Island. ... The Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge has the largest span of any bridge This list of the largest suspension bridges ranks the worlds suspension bridges by the length of main span (distance between the suspension towers). ... A suspension bridge is a type of bridge that has been made since ancient times. ... A typical rural county road in Indiana, USA, where traffic drives on the right. ... Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... track Rail tracks are used on railways (or railroads), which, together with railroad switches (or points), guide trains without the need for steering. ... metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre (in the U.S., chiefly meter) is a measure of length, approximately equal to 3. ... The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening into the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

The 41m wide bridge deck carries six lanes of automobile traffic, three lanes in each direction. The lower level contains two rail tracks. There are also two sheltered carriageways on the lower deck for maintenance access and as backup for traffic when particularly severe typhoons strike Hong Kong. Though car traffic would need to be closed in that case, trains could still get through in either direction. Along with the Ting Kau Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge, it is closely monitored by the Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS). Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004. ... Ting Kau Bridge (汀九橋) is a 1177 m long cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans north Tsing Yi and Tuen Mun Road. ... The Kap Shui Mun Bridge (KSMB)in Hong Kong is the worlds longest cable-stayed bridge carrying both road and railway traffic, with the upper deck for motor vehicles, and the lower deck for both vehicles and the MTR. It has a main span of 430 metres and an... The Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS) is a sophisticated bridge monitoring system, costing US$1. ...

The Tsing Ma Bridge links Tsing Yi Island on the east to Ma Wan island on the west over Ma Wan Channel. It is part of the Lantau Link, which, with three long span bridges links the New Territories and Chek Lap Kok, where the Hong Kong International Airport is located. The other two bridges are the Kap Shui Mun Bridge linking Ma Wan to Lantau Island over Kap Shui Mun, and the Ting Kau Bridge, linking Tsing Yi Island and Tuen Mun and Yuen Long, over Rambler Channel. Tsing Yi (青衣), or Tsing Yi Island (青衣島) is an island of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island. ... Ma Wan (馬灣) is an island of Hong Kong, located between Lantau Island and Tsing Yi Island. ... Ma Wan Channel (馬灣海峽) is a channel between Ma Wan and Tsing Yi Island in Hong Kong. ... The Lantau Link, formerly known as the Lantau Fixed Crossing, is a series of infrastructures linking Hong Kong International Airport to the urban areas. ... A major road, Kwong Fuk Road in Tai Po, a town in the New Territories. ... Chek Lap Kok (Chinese: 赤鱲角; Jyutping: cek3 laap6 gok3; Cantonese IPA: ; Pinyin: Chìliè Jiǎo; Red Perch Cape) is an island in the western waters of Hong Kong. ... The interior of the Hong Kong International Airport A replica of the Spirit of Sha Tin displayed at the Hong Kong International Airport in Chek Lap Kok. ... The Kap Shui Mun Bridge (KSMB)in Hong Kong is the worlds longest cable-stayed bridge carrying both road and railway traffic, with the upper deck for motor vehicles, and the lower deck for both vehicles and the MTR. It has a main span of 430 metres and an... Lantau Island, Hong Kong 22° 16′ 14″ N, 113° 57′ 10″ E Lantau Island (based on the local old name of Lantau Peak 爛頭 Làntóu, Ragged Head; 大嶼山 pinyin: DàyÇ” shān, Cantonese: Tai yue shan, Big Island Mountain), also Lantao, is the largest island in Hong Kong, located... Kap Shui Mun (汲水門) is a major channel, between Lantau Island and Ma Wan, in Hong Kong. ... Ting Kau Bridge (汀九橋) is a 1177 m long cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans north Tsing Yi and Tuen Mun Road. ... Tuen Mun (屯門) is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. ... Yuen Long (元朗, Jyutping: jyun4 long5, pinyin: YuánlÇŽng) (used to be known as Un Long), one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong, located in the North-West of the New Territories, is a post-war new town set in the centre of Hong Kongs largest alluvial plain. ... Rambler Channel (藍巴勒海峽) separates Tsing Yi Island and the mainland Kowloon Peninsula of the New Territories, in Hong Kong. ...

Tsing Ma Bridge by day (October 2004)

The rail line is part of MTR's Tung Chung Line and Airport Express. I took the photo of Tsing Ma Bridge myself on 29-10-2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... I took the photo of Tsing Ma Bridge myself on 29-10-2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Logo of the MTR Corporation Causeway Bay station on the Island Line. ... The Tung Chung Terminus The Tung Chung Line (東涌線) is one of the six lines of the MTR system in Hong Kong. ... This is the complete route map of the Airport Express. ...

Construction work of the bridge began in May 1992 and ended in May 1997. It cost HK$7.2 billion. The Lantau Link, of which the bridge is an integral part, was opened on April 27, 1997. The ceremony was inaugurated by the former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Lantau Link, formerly known as the Lantau Fixed Crossing, is a series of infrastructures linking Hong Kong International Airport to the urban areas. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990. ...

Surveillance cameras were installed over the bridge to record traffic conditions. The video is available at the government website ^[1]. It is updated every two minutes. Closed-circuit cameras are often used to discourage crime Closed-circuit television (CCTV), as a collection surveillance cameras doing video surveillance, is the use of television cameras for surveillance. ...

The Tsing Ma Bridge has been an important gateway to Lantau. It will become part of the planned Route 8 expressway, which will connect the Lantau Link, the West Kowloon expressway, Cheung Sha Wan and Shatin. Lantau Island (based on its old name 爛頭島 lan tau do, lit. ... Route 8, Hong Kong is a dual 3-lane highway under construction which will link Lantau Island, Tsing Yi, West Kowloon and the Northeast New Territories of Hong Kong. ... The Lantau Link, formerly known as the Lantau Fixed Crossing, is a series of infrastructures linking Hong Kong International Airport to the urban areas. ... In modern day Hong Kong, Kowloon (九龍, Mandarin: Jiulong, lit. ... Cheung Sha Wan (長沙灣) is an area between Lai Chi Kok and Sham Shui Po in New Kowloon, Hong Kong. ... Sha Tin (Chinese: 沙田 Pinyin: Shātián, literally Sandy Farm), formerly named Lek Yuen (Chinese: 瀝源 Pinyin: Lìyuán, literally Source of Trickling or Source of Clear Water), is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. ...

Five major components in its construction

1. Foundations and the construction of the bridge tower - one tower located on Wok Tai Wan of Tsing Yi side and the other on a man-made island 120 m from the coast of Ma Wan Island. Both towers are 206m above sea level and founded on relatively shallow bedrock. The towers are two-legged with trusses at intervals, in the form of portal beam design. The legs were constructed with high-strength concrete of 50 MPa (concrete grade 50/20) strength, using a slipform system in a continuous operation.
2. Anchorages - the pulling forces in the main suspension cables is taken up by large gravity anchorages located at both ends of the bridge. They are massive concrete structures deeply seated on bedrock on the landside of Tsing Yi and Ma Wan island. The total weight of concrete used in the Tsing Yi anchorage is 200,000 tonnes and Ma Wan Anchorage is 250,000 tonnes.
3. Main cables - The cables were constructed by an aerial spinning process. The process involved drawing wires from a constant-tension supply, and pulling loops of these wires from one anchorage to the other, passing a 500-tonne cast-iron saddle on top of each bridge tower seating the cable. A total of 70,000 nos. galvanised wires of 5.38 mm diameter were placed and adjusted to form the 2 nos. of 1.1 m diameter main cables.
4. Suspended deck - The steelwork for the deck structure was fabricated in Britain and Japan. After delivery, they were further processed and assembled in Dongguan of China into standard deck modules. A total of 96 modules, each 18 m long and about 480 tonnes in weight, were prepared. These deck modules were brought to the site by specially designed barges and raised into the deck position by a pair of strand jack gantries that could manoeuvre along the main cable.
5. Approach span on Tsing Yi side - similar in form and cross-section to the suspended deck, but the approach span was supported on piers instead of cable-support. The first span was assembled on the ground and raised into position using strand jacks. Further erection then proceeded in cantilever in smaller sections, using derrick cranes stationed on the deck level. An expansion joint which allowed for a maximum thermal movement of ± 835 mm was also provided and located inside the approach span section.

Wok Tai Wan (鑊底灣) was a bay on the northwest coast of Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong. ... Dongguan (Simplified Chinese: 东莞; Traditional Chinese: 東莞; pinyin: Dōngguān) is an important industrial prefecture-level city in the Pearl River Delta, in the Guangdong Province of southern China. ...

The wind tunnel

The objectives of the wind tunnel studies were to demonstrate the safety of the structure under construction and once completed, both with respect to aerodynamic stability as well as the possible effects of extreme typhoon wind speeds. A further objective was to provide dynamic response data at several key locations to compare with full scale data from the ongoing monitoring program, conducted by the Highways Department of Hong Kong. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

It is a 1 to 80 scale section model of the deck in the erection stage and 1 to 400 scale full aeroelastic model of the entire bridge. It is a Monte-Carlo simulation of the typhoon wind climate. The full model was tested in different stages of construction in turbulent boundary layer flow, complete with the local topography in order to model the wind conditions at the site. The model tests identified critical stages of erection that allowed the construction schedule of the bridge to be tailored to avoid the typhoon season. The comparison of model test results and the full scale monitoring will assist engineers to better understand the behaviour of long span bridges in wind and to improve current design methods. Monte Carlo methods are a widely used class of computational algorithms for simulating the behavior of various physical and mathematical systems. ... Surface of the Earth Topography, a term in geography, has come to refer to the lay of the land, or the physiogeographic characteristics of land in terms of elevation, slope, and orientation. ...

As a tourist sight

Tsing Ma Bridge has become a favourite scenic spot as well as a famous landmark. In order to watch and get further information about it, one can go to the Lantau Link Visitor Centre and Viewing Platform which is located at the northwest corner of Tsing Yi Island, just next to the Bridge's Tsing Yi end. Pictures and the structure of the Lantau Link and Ting Kau Bridge are on display at the Centre. The Visiting Centre is opened from 10:00 am to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays; from 10:00 am to 6:30 p.m. on Saturdays, Sundays and most of the public holidays. From the Scenery Viewing Platform, one can also see the Ting Kau Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge. They are the other two bridges listed in the world's "Three Mosts" as well. Ting Kau Bridge (汀九橋) is a 1177 m long cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans north Tsing Yi and Tuen Mun Road. ... The Kap Shui Mun Bridge (KSMB)in Hong Kong is the worlds longest cable-stayed bridge carrying both road and railway traffic, with the upper deck for motor vehicles, and the lower deck for both vehicles and the MTR. It has a main span of 430 metres and an...

Visitors can also have a different spot at the Airport Core Program (ACP) Exhibition Centre located about 2 km north of the Bridge. The Airport Core Programme Exhibition Centre, is housed in a single-storey distinctive white structure situated at 401 Castle Peak Road, Ting Kau, New Territories in Hong Kong. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ...

There is no sidewalk on the Bridge. Parking is also prohibited on this gigantic Bridge. A sidewalk (North American English), or pavement or footpath (Commonwealth English), is a path, usually constructed of concrete (particularly in the United States, and Canada), asphalt, brick (particularly in Europe) or stone, designed for pedestrian traffic and often running alongside a road. ...

Ways to get there

To the bridge

There are several ways to travel along the upper deck of the Bridge. The cheapest way is to take a bus running between the Hong Kong International Airport (or Tung Chung as well) and the city. These Citybus and Long Win Bus routes have the route number prefixes "A" and "E". The interior of the Hong Kong International Airport A replica of the Spirit of Sha Tin displayed at the Hong Kong International Airport in Chek Lap Kok. ... Location of Tung Chung in relation to the rest of Lantau Island Tung Chung (Chinese: 東涌, Hanyu pinyin: Dong Yong; Jyutping: dung1 cung1; Cantonese IPA:) is the first new town on an outlying island of Hong Kong. ... Citybus is one of the three major bus operators in Hong Kong. ... Long Win Bus Company Limited (龍運巴士) provides bus services for northern Lantau Island (Tung Chung new town and Hong Kong Disneyland) and the Hong Kong International Airport. ...

To the Visitor Centre and Viewing Platform

Only cars and taxis can reach the Visitor Centre because the best view location, where the centre and plaform is located, is away from major roads and development. Taxis can be caught at the nearest MTR station, Tsing Yi Station. There are parking places for cars and coaches. Logo of the MTR Corporation Causeway Bay station on the Island Line. ... Tsing Yi Station Entrance Tsing Yi (Chinese: 青衣; Jyutping: cing1 ji1; pinyin: Qīngyī) is an interchange station of Tung Chung Line of MTR and Airport Express on Tsing Yi Island. ...

Operating hours of architectural lighting

There is night lighting which makes the bridge even more gorgeous. The operating hours of the lights are as follows: The hour (symbol: h) is a unit of time. ...

• Monday to Sunday: 6:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight (October – February) and 7:30 p.m. to 12:00 midnight (March – September)

• Special Event: 6:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. of the following day (October – February) and 7:30 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. of the following day (March – September)

Tolls

The double tolls of the Lantau Link for motor cycle, private car, public double-decked bus and heavy goods vehicle are HK$20, $30, $60 and $80 respectively. The Hong Kong Dollar (ISO 4217: HKD) is the official currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) within the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Traffic speeds

There are speed restrictions on the bridge. The maximum speed limit is usually 80 km/h for automobiles. Such speed limit may be lowered upon roadwork or under strong wind. Traffic may also be directed to the sheltered carriageways on the lower deck when there are very strong winds. A speed limit is the maximum speed allowed by law for road vehicles. ... Kilometre per hour (American spelling: kilometer per hour) is a unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector). ... Wind is the roughly horizontal movement of air (as opposed to an air current) caused by uneven heating of the Earths surface. ...

Footnote

1. ^ Surveillance cameras of Transportation Deparment

See also

• Transportation in Hong Kong
• List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong
• List of largest suspension bridges
• List of streets and roads in Hong Kong: Bridges
• Tunnels and bridges in Hong Kong

The territory of Hong Kong has a highly developed and sophisticated transportation network, encompassing both public and private transport. ... This is a list of buildings and structures in Hong Kong. ... The Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge has the largest span of any bridge This list of the largest suspension bridges ranks the worlds suspension bridges by the length of main span (distance between the suspension towers). ... Here is a partial list of expressways, tunnels, bridges, roads, avenues, streets, crescents, squares, bazaars, etc in Hong Kong. ... There are many vehicular tunnels and bridges in Hong Kong. ...

External links

• Detailed information about the structure of Tsing Ma Bridge
• Tsing Ma Bridge description from City University, Hong Kong
• Tsing Ma Bridge description from HK Polytechnic University
• Tsing Ma Bridge description from Oriental Travel
• Live image of Tsing Ma Bridge
• Tsing Ma Management Limited
• Tsing Ma Bridge Photo Gallery
• Road and rail network to Chak Lap Kok Airport
• Satellite view of the bridge