The Tugela River (also known as Thukela) is the largest river in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The river originates in the Drakensberg Mountains, Mont-aux-Sources, (itself the source of tributaries of two other major South African rivers, the Orange River and the Vaal River) and plunges 947 metres down the Tugela Falls. From the Drakensberg range the river meanders for 520 km through the KwaZulu-Natal midlands before flowing into the Indian Ocean. The total catchment area is approximately 29,100 square km. Land uses in the catchment are mainly rural subsistence farming and commercial forestry. Map location of KwaZulu-Natal showing the Tugela River. ... KwaZulu-Natal, often referred to as KZN, is a province of South Africa. ... The Drakensberg Drakensberg Range from space, April 1993 The Drakensberg (Dragon Mountains in Afrikaans) mountains are the highest in South Africa, rising up at Thabana Ntlenyana to 3,482 m (11,422 ft) in height. ... The Orange River is the major river in South Africa. ... The Vaal River is the largest tributary of the Orange River in South Africa. ... Tugela Falls are the worlds second highest waterfall. ...

There are a number of large inter-basin transfer schemes responsible for transferring water from the Tugela basin across the escarpment into the Vaal River system. The main scheme is the Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme operated by Eskom. There is also the original pumping station at Jagersrus. The Vaal River is the largest tributary of the Orange River in South Africa. ... Eskom is a South African electricity public utility company. ...

It has a number of tributaries coming off the Drakensberg, including the Klip River (rising near Van Reenens Pass), Mooi River and Buffalo (rising near Majuba Hill) rivers. Another northern tributary is the Sundays river, which rises in the Biggarsberg. It also receives the Ingagani (from the south-west) and the Blood River (from the north-east, named from the defeat of the Zulu king Dingane, on 16 December 1838, by the Boers under Andries Pretorius, when the river is said to have run red with the blood of the Zulus). The Drakensberg Drakensberg Range from space, April 1993 The Drakensberg (Dragon Mountains in Afrikaans) mountains are the highest in South Africa, rising up at Thabana Ntlenyana to 3,482 m (11,422 ft) in height. ... Combatants Voortrekkers Zulu Commanders Andries Pretorius Dambuza Ndlela kaSompisi Strength about 470 men between 10,000 and 20,000 men Casualties 3 wounded 3,000 dead The Battle of Blood River (Afrikaans: Slag van Bloedrivier) was fought on 16 December 1838 on the banks of the Blood River (Bloedrivier) in... This List of Zulu kings gives a list of Zulu chieftains and kings from their earliest known history up to the current monarch: Mnguni Nkosinkulu Mdlani Luzumana Malandela kaLuzumana, son of Luzumana Ntombhela kaMalandela, son of Malandela. ... Dingane kaSenzangakhona Zulu (ca. ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Afrikaners are white South Africans of predominantly Calvinist Dutch, German, French Huguenot, Friesian and Walloon descent who speak Afrikaans. ... Andries Pretorius Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (November 27, 1798 – 23 July 1853) was a leader of the Boers who was instrumental in the creation of the Transvaal Republic, as well as the earlier but short-lived Natalia Republic in present-day South Africa. ...

It passes Bergville, and Colenso, the latter is a site of an important battle in the Second Boer War and for many years was the site of the first major power station in Natal. The power station was built by the South African Railways to electrify the railway line north from Pietermaritzburg. It was coal-fired and the cooling water came from the Tugela. Colenso is a town in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. ... |conflict=Second Boer War |partof=the Boer Wars |image= |caption=Boer guerillas during the Second Boer War |date=1899 – 1902 |place=South Africa |result=British Pyrrhic victory |casus=Jameson Raid |territory=Treaty of Vereeniging |combatant1= United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand |combatant2= Orange Free State, South African Republic |commander1=Frederick... Location of Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu-Natal province Pietermaritzburg was founded in 1838. ...

Below the Blood River is Rorke's Drift, a crossing point and another battle site, this time from the Anglo-Zulu War. Combatants Britain Zulu Nation Commanders John Rouse Merriott Chard Prince Dabulamanzi Strength 139 4,000–5,000 Casualties 17 killed, 15 wounded about 550 killed Rorkes Drift was a mission station in Natal, South Africa situated near a natural ford (drift) on the Buffalo River. ... The Battle of Rorkes Drift The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between Britain and the Zulus, and signalled the end of the Zulus as an independent nation. ...

Below the Buffalo confluence the Tugela flows southeast in a deep channel between cliffs and valleys until it reaches the narrow coast belt. Its mouth is nearly closed by a sand bar, formed by the action of the ocean. The Tugela is thus not navigable.

About 10km above the mouth are two historic forts, Fort Pearson and Fort Tenedos, built by the British in 1879, during the war with the Zulus, to guard the passage of the river. Generally fordable in the winter months, the Tugela is, after the heavy rains of summer, a deep and rapid river. Fort Tenedos was large earth-walled fort was constructed on the Zulu side of the Tugela River in January, 1879, opposite Fort Pearson, to support the British at the start of the Anglo-Zulu War. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

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