Tulkarm or Tulkarem (Arabic: طولكرم Ṭūlkarm; Hebrew: טול כרם‎) is a Palestinian city in the Tulkarm Governorate in the northwestern West Bank. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 276 × 598 pixelsFull resolution (330 × 715 pixel, file size: 5 KB, MIME type: image/png) For use for locations within the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. ... Image File history File links Red_pog2. ... This article is about the Palestinian territories as a geopolitical phenomenon. ... Map showing governorates and areas of formal Palestinian control (green) After the signing of the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian territories were divided into three areas and 16 governorates under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority. ... JENIN Jenin TULKARM Tulkarm Tubas NABLUS Nablus Shomron Qalqilya QALQILYA Salfit ARIEL RAMALLAH Ramallah and Al-Bireh Matte Binyamin MODIIN ILLIT JERICHO Biqat HaYarden Jericho MAALE ADUMMIM JERUSALEM Jerusalem BETAR ILLIT BETHLEHEM Gush Etzion Bethlehem Megilot HEBRON Hebron Har Hebron YATTA The Tulkarm Governorate is an administrative... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... The Israel Standard Time (IST) is the standard timezone in Israel and is 2 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+2). ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Arabic redirects here. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... JENIN Jenin TULKARM Tulkarm Tubas NABLUS Nablus Shomron Qalqilya QALQILYA Salfit ARIEL RAMALLAH Ramallah and Al-Bireh Matte Binyamin MODIIN ILLIT JERICHO Biqat HaYarden Jericho MAALE ADUMMIM JERUSALEM Jerusalem BETAR ILLIT BETHLEHEM Gush Etzion Bethlehem Megilot HEBRON Hebron Har Hebron YATTA The Tulkarm Governorate is an administrative...

The city's origins can be traced back to at least the third century C.E. under the name "Berat Soreqa", and in later centuries as "Tur Karma" (in Aramaic: טור כרמא), which means “mount of vineyards” in Aramaic, as the city is known for the fertility of the land and the vines around it. "Tur Karma" later became "Tul Karem". [1] "Kerem" means "vineyard" in Hebrew and is mentioned in Book of Jeremiah:31:3:"Again shalt thou plant vineyards upon the mountains of Samaria; the planters shall plant, and shall have the use thereof". Aramaic is a group of Semitic languages with a 3,000-year history. ... Aramaic is a group of Semitic languages with a 3,000-year history. ... The Book of Jeremiah, or Jeremiah (יִרְמְיָהוּ YirmÉ™yāhÅ« in Hebrew), is part of the Hebrew Bible, Judaisms Tanakh, and later became a part of Christianitys Old Testament. ... “Shomron” redirects here. ...

WHO EVER MOSSUB IS HE SUCKS SOOOOO BADLY to mi|15}} west of Nablus and 15 kilometers (9 mi) east of the Israeli coastal town of Netanya. It is bounded by the Jenin, Nablus and Qalqilya districts in the north, east and south, respectively, and by the 1948 cease-fire line in the west. This central location between the plain and the mountain has made it commercially and militarily significant and has had a great effect on its growth. The district lies between 40 to 500 metres (130–1,640 ft) above sea level and is entirely within a fertile zone. This is a cause of regional high population density relative to other districts. Population density in the Tulkarm district is about 583 inhabitants per square kilometer (1,510/sq mi) while in Ramallah, Hebron and Bethlehem districts it is 209/km² (541.3/sq mi), 245/km² (634.5/sq mi) and 230 inhabitants per square kilometer (595.7/sq mi) respectively. In the past, it was a caravan station and a trading centre for the products of the mountain and the plain, as well as a point from which armies crossed to Egypt and the Levant (Al-Sham). Map of the West Bank, with Nablus in the center north. ... Early morning in Netanya, Israel Netanya (Hebrew: נְתַנְיָה, Standard Hebrew NÉ™tanya) is a city in the Center District of Israel and is the capital of the Sharon plain. ... It has been suggested that Anem be merged into this article or section. ... Map of the West Bank, with Nablus in the center north. ... Qalqīlyah (Arabic قلقيلية; Standard Hebrew קלקיליה Qalqilya) is an Arab city in the West Bank. ... Israels 1949 Green Line (dark green) and demilitarized zones (light green). ... Arabic رام الله Founded in 16th century Government City (from 1995) Governorate Ramallah & Al-Bireh Population 23,347 (2006) Jurisdiction 16,344 dunams (16. ... Arabic الخليل Government City Also Spelled al-Khalil (officially) al-Halil (unofficially) Governorate Hebron Population 166,000 (2006) Jurisdiction  dunams Head of Municipality Mustafa Abdel Nabi Hebron (Arabic:   al-ḪalÄ«l or al KhalÄ«l; Hebrew:  , Standard Hebrew: Ḥevron, Tiberian Hebrew: Ḥeḇrôn) is a city in the southern Judea... Arabic بيت لحم Name Meaning House of Lambs Government City (from 1995) Also Spelled Beit Lahm (officially) Bayt Lahm (unofficially) Governorate Bethlehem Population 29,930 (2006) Jurisdiction 29,799 dunams (29. ... The Levant The Levant (IPA: ) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ...

Tulkarm is at the crossroads of three historically important arteries: A road which runs north from the Latrun area along the edge of the plain to Mount Carmel and the Galilee, a road which winds northward along the outer tier of hills from the Ajalon valley to the Jezreel Valley, and a road that rises from the Mediterranean Sea at modern-day Netanya east to Nablus. In the past it was a junction of the coastal railroad from north of Haifa to Cairo and a branch of the narrow gauge Hejaz railway to Damascus. The Trappist Monastery The area of Latrun (Hebrew: ‎) (al-Latrun in Arabic) is a region of the Ayalon Valley, about 15 kilometers west of Jerusalem and 14 kilometers southeast of Ramla. ... Mount Carmel is a coastal mountain in Israel overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. ... For other uses, see Galilee (disambiguation). ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... Jezreel Valley and Mount Tabor, Israel Jezreel Valley The Jezreel Valley ; ‎, Emek Yizrael, also known as the Plain of Esdraelon (Esdraelon is the Koine Greek rendering of Jezreel[1]), and as the Zirin Valley (Arabic: , Sahel Zirin), and as the Meadow of Amrs son (مرج بن عامر, Marj Ibn Amer), is... Mediterranean redirects here. ... Map of the West Bank, with Nablus in the center north. ... Hebrew Arabic حَيْفَا Founded in 3rd century CE Government City District Haifa Population 267,000 1,039,000 (metropolitan area) Jurisdiction 63,666 dunams (63. ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... al Hejaz Station in Damascus, starting point of the railroad The 1050mm gauge Hejaz Railway (also Hedjaz, etc. ... For other uses, see Damascus (disambiguation). ...

Archeological findings reveal that an agglomeration has existed here at least since the Roman Period. Tulkarm's name has its roots in the Aramaic Tur Karma (Vineyard Hill), which was used by the Samaritan inhabitants of the Middle Ages and by the Crusaders. In the past, Tulkarm has assumed the form of a small village, but it has expanded since the beginning of the 20th century due to an increase in the traffic passing through. This development came to a halt in the 1930s with the construction of the Petah Tikva-Hadera highway, which bypasses the town in the west. Despite the fact that the Israel-Jordan armistice border of 1949 encircled Tulkarm in the southwest, west and north-west, the town population has increased considerably and it has become an administrative and agricultural center. The town has an agricultural school established during the British Mandate of Palestine with a monetary contribution by the philanthropist J.S. Kadoorie. Nowadays, it is recognized as a prominent community college in agriculture and teacher training. Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Aramaic is a group of Semitic languages with a 3,000-year history. ... For other uses, see Samaritan (disambiguation). ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... The Coat of Arms of Petah-Tikva Petah-Tikva (Hebrew פֶּתַח-תִּקְוָה opening of hope, Standard Hebrew Pétaḥ-Tiqva, also transliterated as Petach Tikva, Petah Tikvah, Petach Tikvah, Petaḥ Tiqwa or Petach Tiqwa) and nicknamed as Mother of Cities, is a city in the west of the Center District of Israel... Haderas Great Synagogue Hadera (Hebrew: חדרה) is a city in the Haifa District between Tel Aviv and Haifa in Israel. ... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ...

Land use

Tulkarm was built over a relatively higher area than that surrounding it. The choice of the location was at the bottom of the mountainous heights so as to make it possible to defend the city, provide the stones for the construction and keep the buildings away from the plainland suitable for agriculture. The land which was formed as a result of the new fourth epoch consists mostly of creeping sands from the west to the east. The mountainous valleys carry quantities of Alluvium and gravel to Tulkarm's lands in the seasons of the heavy rain and floods, thus forming fertile soil. In addition, an aquifer feeds numerous wells and springs in the area. Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, to wash against) is soil or sediments deposited by a river or other running water. ... An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. ...

Tulkarm is distinguished by the moderating effect the sea breeze has on its climate. The average temperature doesn’t exceed Template:Covert in August, while February's average temperature doesn’t fall below Template:Covert, and the humidity is moderate in summer, about 40-70%, though it rises in winter to between 70-85%. Tulkarm receives in excess of 550 millimeters (21.7 in) of rain yearly, which is un-concentrated and irregular, characteristic of the Mediterranean Basin. For other uses, see Sea Breeze. ... The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. ...

Land designations in the West Bank are defined by the recent "Oslo II" interim agreement, where Tulkarm proper is Area 'A,' or full Palestinian control. The surrounding villages are in either Area 'A' or 'B,' wherein Palestinian control is limited to non-security affairs. Much of the open area around Tulkarm is Area 'C,' or full Israeli responsibility. Presently, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) is not able to assume complete sovereignty over Palestinian land, and the division of the Palestinian territories into A, B and C hinders the potentials of dealing with the Palestinian areas as a whole geographic integrity as an essential ingredient for sound environmental management. The Tulkarm district covers approximately 334.53 square kilometers (129.2 sq mi), comprising 5.7% of the West Bank and 5.4% of the Palestinian territories (Gaza Strip and West Bank). Currently, only 5.39% of the Tulkarm district contains Palestinian built-up areas, while approximately 2.73% is taken up by Israeli settlements, nature reserves, forests and military bases. The Tulkarm district area is divided by the "Oslo II" interim agreement as follows: Area A, which includes Tulkarm and Qalqilyah cities in addition to Tulkarm Refugee Camp, covers 10.155 square kilometers (3.9 sq mi) (3.0%) of the district's land. Since October 1995, the Israeli army has withdrawn from this area, and all responsibilities for internal security and public order are presently held by Palestinians. This article is about the Palestinian territories as a geopolitical phenomenon. ... Qalqilyah (Arabic قلقيلية ; Standard Hebrew קלקיליה Qalqilya) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank. ...

Israeli settlements

Avnei Hefetz, Sal'it and Einav are the three Israeli settlements in the area.

Nature reserves

Currently, Israel has declared one nature reserve in the Tulkarm district with a total area of almost 1.735 square kilometers (0.7 sq mi) (0.52% of the Tulkarm district area).

Forests

There are six forests in the district, with a total area of about 4.146 square kilometers (1.6 sq mi) (1.24% of the total area). Most of these forests are located on fertile soil types (terra rossa, brown rendzinas and pale rendzinas). This article is about forests as a massing of trees. ...

Population

At the end of the British mandate, the Tulkarm district was composed of 77 villages in addition to the cities of Tulkarm and Qalqiliya (Encyclopedia Palestina, 1984). The total area of the Tulkarm district under the British Mandate was about 835.361 square kilometers (322.5 sq mi), but this area was reduced to 333 square kilometers (128.6 sq mi) when the Israeli army occupied a large part of the area during the 1948 war and incorporated it in Israel. In 1945, the total estimated population of the Tulkarm district was 86,140; however, the 1961 statistics show a decline to 83,600. This decline is due to the shrinking of the Tulkarm district's area and the high number of inhabitants who were forced to leave during the 1948 Arab Israeli-war (Encyclopedia Palestina, 1984). The current population of the Tulkarm district is estimated at 162,936 people including the two refugee camps, Tulkarm and Nur Shams, representing 12.4% of the total population of the West Bank. The number of people living in the rural areas is representing 52.8% of the total population of the Tulkarm district. Approximately 20,778 people live in refugee camps, 54,281 live in urban areas. The British Mandate of Palestine was a swathe of territory in the Middle East, formerly belonging to the Ottoman Empire, which the League of Nations entrusted to the United Kingdom to administer in the aftermath of World War I as a Mandate Territory. ... Qalqīlyah (Arabic قلقيلية; Standard Hebrew קלקיליה Qalqilya) is an Arab city in the West Bank. ... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ... A refugee camp is a camp built up by governments or NGOs (such as the ICRC) to receive refugees. ... Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China Rural areas (also referred to as the country, countryside) are settled places outside towns and cities. ...

Climate

The climate of Tulkarm is subtropical, with rainfall limited to the winter. The average temperature in the winter ranges from 8 to 16 °C (46–61°F), while the average temperature in the summer ranges from 17 to 30 °C (63–86°F).

Precipitation

The rainy season in the Tulkarm district usually starts in October and continues through May. Between December and February, almost 70% of annual rainfall occurs, while 20% of annual rainfall occurs in October and November. December and January are normally the wettest months in the Tulkarm district. Rain in June and September is rare and comes to negligible amounts. July and August have no rain at all, except for one rainfall of 1.5 millimeters (0.1 in) on July 10, 1995 in Tulkarm City (Tulkarm Agricultural Department). is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...

The mean annual rainfall in the Tulkarm City is 642 millimeters (25.3 in) for the period from 1952 to 1995 (Tulkarm Agricultural Department).

The amount of mean annual rainfall in the Tulkarm district varies from year to year and rain may fall with great intensity in wet years.

There is no available data on a hail in the Tulkarm district, but hail associated with thunderstorms can occur in Tulkarm district, mostly in midwinter. This hail is liable to cause damage principally to vegetables and ripening oranges (Orni, E. 1980).

Dew

There is no available data on the amount of dew fall in the Tulkarm district. It is known, however, that dew is greater in the west, closer to the sea especially on windless nights when the soil grows colder than the air that touches its surface. In general, the coastal plain of Israel has an average of 200 nights of dew per year and the total annual dew fall in the region is estimated at 30 millimeters (1.2 in).^[1]

Humidity

Humidity in the Tulkarm district reaches high values with an annual average of 69.6%. In winter, this value increases to an average of 75.9% in February while in May it reaches its lowest value of 62.4%. Summer months are humid with an average humidity of 70.3% from June to August.

Temperature

The mean annual maximum temperature for the Tulkarm district is 22.3 °C (72 °F) and the mean annual minimum is 15.6 °C (60 °F). Exposure to marine influences mitigates the temperature in the summer months especially at midday. The mean temperature from June to August is 25 °C (77 °F). This value increases to an average of 26.2 °C (79 °F) in August (the hottest month). From 1992 until 1996, the highest maximum temperature measured was Template:Covnert at 2 p.m. on May 12, 1996. In winter, the area is influenced by warm air from the sea. The average temperature from December to February is 11.8 °C (53 °F). The coldest days of the year come in January with an average of 11 °C (52 °F). is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

Winds

In the Tulkarm district, the wind direction mainly lies between the southwest and northwest with mean annual wind speed of 3.4 kilometres per hour (2.1 mph). In winter, the district is influenced by the depressions passing from west to east over the Mediterranean. These depressions bring westerly rain bearing winds. The average wind speed from December to February is 4.1 kilometres per hour (2.5 mph). In summer, the district is influenced by the sea breeze that comes from the west. The incoming sea breeze usually begins to be felt in the Tulkarm district in the morning. Towards noon, winds change their direction to southeast and later in the evening they turn to south and southwest. The average wind speed from June to August is 2.85 kilometres per hour (1.8 mph). In September and October, winds are more northerly with an average wind speed of 2.78 kilometres per hour (1.7 mph). In spring, Khamaseen winds may blow over the area full of sand and dust. These winds cause rising temperatures and drop in humidity. The mean daily wind speed from April to June is 3.2 kilometres per hour (2.0 mph).

Transportation

Roads in this district are classified into three categories, the first type is the solid surfaced roads with two lanes which connect Tulkarm and Qalqiliya cities with other districts. The second one is the one-lane solid surfaced roads which connect most of the rural communities. The third type is the unpaved roads in the rural areas. It should be mentioned here that most of the roads in the Tulkarm district lack the basic safety requirements. Transportation services available in the Tulkarm district comprise public buses and taxis in addition to private vehicles. However, due to insufficiency of organized public transportation system, it is noticed that a high percentage of private vehicles are being used by their owners to transport passengers between communities. This kind of transportation is dangerous due to lack of safety requirements and because drivers working in these cars are not qualified to work in public transportation. Added to this is the lack of insurance and licensing in most of these cars, which makes such transportation risky.

Nearly 21% of the population in the Tulkarm district have access to a limited number of lever-turned telephones in rural areas and 27% of the population have access to automatic switch boards. Hence it is concluded that 52% of the total population in this district are deprived of telephone services.^[2]

Languages

The majority of the population speaks Arabic; however English is widely spoken as a second language. Hebrew is also understood among some of the residents. Arabic redirects here. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ...

Agriculture

Tulkarm produces citrus fruits, melons, olives, olive oil, tomatoes, potatoes, wheat, sesame, peanut, eggplant, peppers, green beans, guava, and other products. For other uses, see Citrus (disambiguation). ... This article is about the fruits called melons. ... For the Italian political alliance see Olive Tree, and the color, olive (color). ... For the Popeye character, see Olive Oyl. ... Binomial name Solanumlycopersicum Linnaeus ref. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ... Binomial name Sesamum indicum L. Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. ... Binomial name L. This article is about the legume. ... Aubergine redirects here. ... Species C. annuum (incl. ... Green bean plant Green beans are the immature pods of any kind of bean when eaten immature as a vegetable. ... Species About 100 species, see text. ...

Education

There is a two-year and a four-year college at Tulkarm called the Khodori Institute and( khodori University ), Al-Quds open university and two colleges for An-Najah National University. There are four high schools - two for girls and two for boys. The An-Najah National University An-Najah National University is located in the mountainous region of northern Palestine in and around the city of Nablus. ...

Sports

Tulkarm has 2 semi-professional soccer teams; one is called Thaqafi Tulkarm and the other is called Markez Shabab Tulkarm . Both are in The Palestinian League Division One and both are usually on or near the top of the standings. and big stadium calld ( tulkarm stadium) and others small

Notable people

• Ekrem Akurgal - Turkish archaeologist born in 1911 in Tulkarm
• Khaled Abu Toameh - Palestinian Israeli-Arab Muslim journalist
• Queen Rania of Jordan is the daughter of Palestinian refugees from Tulkarm.

Professor Ekrem Akurgal was, during a career that spanned more than fifty years, a prominent and internationally famous Turkish archaeologist, who has conducted marking research in several sites along the western coast of Anatolia such as Phokaia (Foça), Pitane (Çandarlı), Erythrai (Ildırı) and old Smyrna (the Bayraklı tumulus... Khaled Abu Toameh is an Israeli Arab journalist, documentarist and the West Bank and Gaza correspondent for the Jerusalem Post and U.S. News and World Report. ... Queen Rania Al-Abdullah (Arabic: رانية آل عبدالله) (born Rania Al-Yasin on August 31, 1970), is the queen consort of King Abdullah II, the king of Jordan. ...

References

1. ^ (Orni, E. 1980)
2. ^ (Barghouthi and Daibes,1993)

Coordinates: 32°19′N, 35°02′E Mossub is a Sweet Kid Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Mossub Mohammad Qatu is Sweet The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) was established to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees. ... In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a Palestinian refugee is a refugee from Palestine created by the Palestinian Exodus, which Palestinian Arabs call the Nakba (Arabic: , meaning disaster or catastrophe). The United Nations definition of a Palestinian refugee is a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine between June 1946... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ... ...