Tumbes is a coastal region in northwestern Peru. Due to the region's location near the Equatorial line it has a warm climate, with beaches that are considered among the finest in Peru. The Tumbes Region is located in a strategic zone due to its closeness to the Ecuadorian border. Despite its small area, this region has been privileged with a great variety of ecosystems. Rugged coastline of the West Coast of New Zealand The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the ocean. ... The Subdivisions of Peru have changed from time to time, since the nation gained independence from Spain in the early 19th century. ... The equator is an imaginary circle drawn around a planet (or other astronomical object) at a distance halfway between the poles. ... An ecosystem, a contraction of ecological and system, refers to the collection of components and processes that comprise, and govern the behavior of, some defined subset of the biosphere. ...

The name "Tumbes" originates from either Tumpis, a group of native peoples from the area, the word tumbos, a species of Passiflora that used to abound in the area, or the name of the Tumba cacique, whose son founded and populated the area. The term indigenous peoples has no universal, standard or fixed definition. ... Species Passiflora amalocarpa Passiflora amethystina Passiflora aurantia Passiflora caerulea Passiflora capsularis Passiflora edulis Passiflora foetida Passiflora helleri Passiflora holosericea Passiflora incarnata Passiflora karwinskii Passiflora mucronata Passiflora murucuja Passiflora tenuifila Passiflora tulae Passiflora vitifolia Passiflora yucatanensis Passion flower refers to vines in the genus Passiflora—flowering plants known for their... Cacique may be in reference to: Cacique is one the finest brands of rum produced in Venezuela. ...

Región Tumbes

See other Peruvian regions
President	Rosa Iris Medina
Capital	Tumbes
Area	4,669.2 km²
Population   - Total   - Density	215,634 (2005 estimate) 43.3/km²
Subdivisions	3 provinces and 12 districts
Elevation   - Lowest   - Highest	0 m (sea level) 134 m (Cañaveral)
Main resources	Petroleum, tobacco, bananas and fishing.
Poverty rate	46.8%
Percentage of country's GDP	0.49%
Dialing code	072
ISO 3166-2	PE-TUM
Official website: www.regiontumbes.gob.pe

Punta Sal

Image File history File links Tumbes_region_logo. ... Image File history File links Location_of_Tumbes_region. ... The Political division of Peru has changed from time to time, beginning during the time after the nation obtained independence from Spain, until the present-day country. ... Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States (1861-1865) The majority of this article is about heads of states. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of capital) is the principal city or town associated with a countrys government. ... Tumbes is a city in northwestern Peru. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... Natural resources are naturally occuring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... on tobacco usage see Tobacco smoking Species Nicotiana acuminata Nicotiana alata Nicotiana attenuata Nicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana clevelandii Nicotiana excelsior Nicotiana forgetiana Nicotiana glauca Nicotiana glutinosa Nicotiana langsdorffii Nicotiana longiflora Nicotiana obtusifolia Nicotiana paniculata Nicotiana plumbagifolia Nicotiana quadrivalvis Nicotiana repanda Nicotiana rustica Nicotianasuaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tomentosa Ref: ITIS... Species Hybrid origin; see text Banana is the common name used for herbaceous plants in the genus Musa, which because of their size and structure, are often mistaken for trees. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ... A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows his find. ... A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ... ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Punta_Sal,_Peru. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Punta_Sal,_Peru. ...

Geography

The Tumbes Region is bordered by the Ecuadorian provinces of El Oro and Loja on the east; the Piura Region on the south; and by the Pacific Ocean on the north and west. El Oro is a province of Ecuador. ... Loja is a province in Ecuador. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Morphologically, four zones can be defined in the region: the delta of the Tumbes and Zarumilla rivers; an alluvial plain north of the Tumbes River, with dry, low-depth ravines; ancient terraces that have been strongly eroded in the Máncora area; and the Amotape mountain range in the east and south, with its ending point at the El Barco Mountain. The delta of the Tumbes river is shallow and when the tide is low, little sandy keys show up, which get covered by mangrove vegetation. Nile River delta, as seen from Earth orbit. ... The Tumbes River, called Puyango River in Ecuador, is a river in South America. ... The Zarumilla River is a river in South America that marks the border between Peru and Ecuador. ... Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal. ...

Tumbes Region from NASA Terra/MODIS Sensor on May 30, 2002.

Despite its reduced area (it is the second-smallest region in Peru), Tumbes has been privileged by nature with a great variety of ecosystems: mangroves, dry forests, the only coastal tropical forests in Peru, and a rich and warm sea. Around 50% of the region's territory is covered by three protected natural areas: the Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary (which is part of the Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes mangroves), the Cerros de Amotape National Park and the Tumbes Reserved Zone. Image File history File links Tumbes_NASA.jpg File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Tumbes_NASA.jpg File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... NASA logo Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from an article revision dated 2005-09-01, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... An ecosystem, a contraction of ecological and system, refers to the collection of components and processes that comprise, and govern the behavior of, some defined subset of the biosphere. ... Eucalyptus Forest at Swifts Creek in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes mangroves are an ecoregion located in the Gulf of Guayaquil in South America, in northern Peru and southern Ecuador. ... The Cerros de Amotape National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape) is a national park in northwestern Peru. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ...

Climate

Tumbes has a warm and humid tropical climate in the north and center of its region and a tropical-dry or tropical savanna climate in the south of its region. Temperatures shift at a maximum high of 40°C (over 42° if El Niño Phenomenom is present), a minimum low of 18°C and a yearly average of around 26°C. The rainy season, which is more severe during El Niño, is from December to March. The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... Tropical Savannas (alternate spelling savannah) are a grassland biome, dotted with trees, generally located at tropical latitudes. ... The wet season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the tropics. ... Chart of ocean surface temperature anomaly [°C] during the last strong El Niño in December 1997 El Niño and La Niña (also written in English as El Nino and La Nina) are major temperature fluctuations in surface waters of the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. ...

Demographics

Basically composed of a large mestizo population rooted in a mixture between the old Tumpis and Tallanes(pre-inca tribes), the Spanish, creoles, the African slaves, including mulatos or zambos, and a smaller oriental cantonese community. Mestizo (Portuguese, Mestiço; French, Métis: from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere, to mix) is a term of Spanish origin used to designate the people of mixed European and indigenous non-European ancestry. ... Tallán (or Tacllán) was the first ethnic group that settled in the plains of north-western Peru, an an ethnos with a matriarchal system. ... For the languages, see Creole language The term Creole is used with different meanings in different contexts, which can generate confusion. ... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... A representation of Zambos in Pintura de Castas during the Latin American colonial period. ... en:Cantonese (linguistics) ...

Population

According to the 1993 Census, the Tumbes Region has a population of 155,521 inhabitants, 53% of which (82,426) are male and 47% (73,095) are female. The Peru 1993 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Peruvian population made on July 11, 1993 by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ...

As of 2005, the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática esimates the region's population to be 215,634. 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics) is a semi-autonomous Peruvian government agency which coordinates, compiles, and evaluates statistical information for the country. ...

Languages

The majority of the region's residents (98.3%) speak Spanish as their native tongue; other languages spoken are Quechua (0.4%), foreign languages (0.1%), Aymara (60 speakers, 0.0%), and other indigenous languages (0.1%). Quechua (Runa Simi in Quechua; Runa, human + Simi, speech, literally mouth; i. ... Help wikipedia by translating the Spanish article into this article. ... A Hupa man, 1923 The term Indigenous peoples of the Americas encompasses the inhabitants of the Americas before its European discovery in the late 15th century, as well as many present-day ethnic groups who identify themselves with those historical peoples. ...

Immigration

Immigrants from other regions make up 29.4% of the population and 0.2% of residents were born in a foreign country.

The largest immigrant groups are from the regions of Piura (16.9% of the total population), Lambayeque (3.7%), and the Lima Province/Lima Region (2.8%). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Lambayeque is a region in northwestern Peru, known for its rich Chimú and Moche historical past. ... Lima Province is located in the central coast of Peru and is the only province in the country not belonging to any of the twenty-five regions. ... The Lima Region, also known as Lima Provincias, is one of twenty-five regions in Peru. ...

Age

The population is spread out with 49.4% under the age of 20, 10.7% from 20 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 9.7% from 45 to 64, and 3.5% who are 65 years of age or older.

Education

The illiteracy rate in the region is 9.5%, while 90.4% of the population are able to read and write. World illiteracy rates by country Literacy is the ability to read and write. ...

Secondary education has been completed by 31.8% of the population and 4.5% also have graduated from non-university higher education, while 2.3% have complete university studies. 45.9% only have attended primary education and 5.9% have not had any education. Secondary education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... Primary or elementary education consists of the first years of formal, structured education that occurs during childhood. ...

Political division

The region is divided into 3 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular: provincia), which are composed of 12 districts (distritos, singular: distrito). Map of the Peruvian provinces The provinces of Peru, known in Spanish as provincias, are the second-level administrative subdivisions of the country. ... Districts (span: distrito, distritos) form the third level of Peruvian territorial subdivisions. ...

The provinces, with their capitals in parenthesis, are:

• Contralmirante Villar (Zorritos)
• Tumbes (Tumbes)
• Zarumilla (Zarumilla)

Political map of the Tumbes region

Contralmirante Villar is a province in the Tumbes Region of Peru. ... Zorritos is a town in the Tumbes Region, in northwestern Peru. ... Tumbes is a province in Peru, located in the region of the same name. ... Tumbes is a city in northwestern Peru. ... Zarumilla is one of the three provinces of the Tumbes Region in northwestern Peru. ... Zarumilla is a town in the Tumbes Region, in northwestern Peru. ... Image File history File links Map_of_Tumbes_region. ... Image File history File links Map_of_Tumbes_region. ...

History

Tumbes was a populated region well before the Inca Empire. The first settlers were fishers and hunters. Most recent cultures that lived there have left evidence of the refinement in their ceramics, and huacas or ruins that still stand today. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A Long Island fisherman cleans his nets A fisherman in central Chile A fisherman is a person who engages in the activity of fishing. ... Hunting is, in its most general sense, the pursuit of a target. ...

Tumbes was integrated into the Inca Empire during the reign of Sapa Inca Pachacuti. He introduced a new way of organizing the empire, but the task of integration continued during Tupac Inca Yupanqui's reign. He made it a key departure point for his campaign to conquer the Cañaris. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sapa Inca is the title of the ruler of the Inca Empire. ... Pachacuti as drawn by Guaman Poma Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (or Pachacutec; Quechua Pachakutiq, literally world-turner, i. ... Drawing of Tupac Inca Yupanqui by Guaman Poma (1615 CE) Tupac Inca Yupanqui (a. ...

The adventure of the Spanish Conquistadores starts in Tumbes exactly around Puerto Pizarro, where he and his men landed in search of the gold. After overcoming countless difficulties, the conquerors were able to land in the empire of which they had heard many legends. Undoubtedly, the thought of such a rich empire had instilled in their spirit an unwavering will to go on. With the information gathered, the conquerors set off to the rest of the empire, founding cities and overpowering their people.

During colonial times, Tumbes was no more than a crossing point where soldiers and adventurers stopped momentarily to restock themselves, and continue traveling. Tumbes, however, gained permanent importance after Peru's independence, due to its closeness to the Ecuadorian border and this country's long-standing territorial claims over the Loreto Region of Peru set Tumbes as a resistance point and region of some episodes of the Ecuadorian-Peruvian War. This region's brave and heroic act against the neighbouring Ecuador established Tumbes no more as a province of Piura but as a Department of Peru. A soldier is a person who serves in an armed force for pay. ... Loreto is Perus northernmost region. ... The Ecuadorian-Peruvian war, fought between July 5 and July 31, 1941, was one of three military conflicts that ocurred between these two Latin American nations during the 20th century—the two others being the Paquisha incident (also known as Falso Paquisha war in Peru), in 1981, and the Cenepa... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

As part of the decentralization process in Peru, a referendum was held on October 30, 2005 to decide whether the region would merge with the regions of Piura and Lambayeque to create the new Northern Region (Spanish: Región Norte). However, voters in the region voted against the merge. Decentralization in Peru has long been a major issue in the government agenda. ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Lambayeque is a region in northwestern Peru, known for its rich Chimú and Moche historical past. ...

Attractions

Touristic sites

The fact that Tumbes lies so close to the Equator has determined its landscape, which teems in plantlife. The beaches of Tumbes and its warm sea are ideal for surfing and underwater fishing. The beach of Punta Sal is considered one of the finest on the Peruvian coast because of its pure white sands, sun and warm weather all year long, and a sea ideal for water sports. North of the city of Tumbes lies Puerto Pizarro, the gateway to the National Mangroves Sanctuary. The mangroves have formed vast clumps of water-borne forests which have created a unique ecosystem linking the river and the sea. The mangroves are the breeding grounds for black scallops, which are served up in Tumbes' most famous dish, the black scallops ceviche. The equator is an imaginary circle drawn around a planet (or other astronomical object) at a distance halfway between the poles. ... Buttons Kaluhiokalani at Banzai Pipeline, December 1981 Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried by a breaking wave on a surfboard. ... An ecosystem, a contraction of ecological and system, refers to the collection of components and processes that comprise, and govern the behavior of, some defined subset of the biosphere. ... Genera Pecten Pedum Amusium Chlamys Decatopecten Argopecten Flexopecten Lissopecten Hyalopecten Nodipecten Patinopecten Semipallium Mimachlamys Equichlamys Mesopeplum Veprichlamys Notochlamys Delectopecten Cryptopecten Anguipecten Haumea Mirapecten Volachlamys Juxtamusium Annachlamys Gloripallium Excellichlamys Bractechlamys Minnivola Coralichlamys Serratovola Somalipecten Pseudohinnites Glorichlamys Scallops are the family Pectinidae of bivalve molluscs. ... Peruvian ceviche Ceviche, cebiche, or seviche is a dish of Peruvian origin. ...

South of Tumbes lies Zorritos, the town which received its name from workers involved in drilling the first oilwell in the area, back in 1863. Not far from Zorritos lies the Bocapán beach, where visitors can swim in Hervideros, natural hot springs bubbling with iodized salts. Green Dragon Spring at Norris Geyser A hot spring is a place where warm or hot groundwater issues from the ground on a regular basis for at least a predictable part of the year, and is significantly above the ambient ground temperature (which is usually around 55~57 F or... Iodised salt is ordinary table salt mixed with a tiny amount of iodine salts, so that it prevents disease of the thyroid gland. ...

Typical dishes and beverages

The typical dishes of the Tumbesino cuisine are based on seafood, preferably black scallops cebiches, crabs, shrimps, and some plates made of bananas known as plátanos dominicos. Superfamilies Dromiacea Homolodromioidea Dromioidea Homoloidea Eubrachyura Raninoidea Cyclodorippoidea Dorippoidea Calappoidea Leucosioidea Majoidea Hymenosomatoidea Parthenopoidea Retroplumoidea Cancroidea Portunoidea Bythograeoidea Xanthoidea Bellioidea Potamoidea Pseudothelphusoidea Gecarcinucoidea Cryptochiroidea Pinnotheroidea * Ocypodoidea * Grapsoidea * An asterisk (*) marks the crabs included in the clade Thoracotremata. ... Superfamilies Alpheoidea Atyoidea Bresilioidea Campylonotoidea Crangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Nematocarcinoidea Oplophoroidea Palaemonoidea Pandaloidea Pasiphaeoidea Procaridoidea Processoidea Psalidopodoidea Stylodactyloidea True shrimp are small, swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ...

Among the most well-known dishes are, the black scallops cebiche, shrimp cebiche, the Tumbiresas covered by yuca and banana balls broth with dominicos, meat, red peppers, eggs, olives, raisins, flour, coriander and other herbs. The chile pepper, chili pepper, or chilli pepper, or simply chile, is the fruit of the plant Capsicum from the nightshade family, Solanaceae. ... Binomial name Olea europaea L. 19th century illustration The Olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean region, from Lebanon and the maritime parts of Asia Minor and northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Look up flour in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Herbs: basil Herbs (IPA: hə(ɹ)b, or əɹb; see pronunciation differences) are plants grown for culinary, medicinal, or in some cases even spiritual value. ...

Other specialties include, the shrimp omelette, chupe de cangrejos, cebiche mixto, and the crab pulp omelette.

A typical beverage in the region is the chinguirito, which is obtained by combining pipa (the milk of a soft coconut) with the famous Pisco. Binomial name Cocos nucifera L. The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family). ... Some bottles of Peruvian Pisco Some bottles of Chilean Pisco Pisco (from Quechua: pisqu, little bird) is a liquor distilled from grapes (a brandy) made in wine-producing regions of Peru and Chile. ...

External links

• (Spanish) Portal del Gobierno Regional de Tumbes - Tumbes Regional Government official portal
• Peru Information by Regions: Tumbes

Tumbes Links

http://www.tumbes.org/ http://www.tumbestours.com/ http://www.vivatumbes.com/ http://www.puntasal.com.pe http://www.sunsetpuntasal.com/ http://www.puntacamaron.tripod.com/ http://www.playa-florida.com/ http://www.hotelcaballitodemar.com/ http://www.arrecifehotel.com/ http://www.casagrillo.com.pe/