Tupamaros, also known as the MLN (Movimiento de Liberación Nacional or National Liberation Army), was an urban guerrilla organization in Uruguay in the 1960s and 1970s. The MLN is inextricably linked to its most important leader, Raúl Sendic, and his brand of social politics. Urban guerrilla refers to someone who fights a government or dictatorship using unconventional warfare in an urban environment (see: guerrilla tactics). ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...

The Tupamaro movement was named after the Inca revolutionary Túpac Amaru II. Its origins lie in the union between the Movimiento de Apoyo al Campesino (Peasant Support Movement) and the members of trade unions funded by Sendic in poverty-stricken rural zones. It grew in proportion to the asscending powers of Uruguay's military, which culminated in a notoriously oppressive dictatorship between 1973 and 1984. A view of Machu Picchu, the Lost City of the Incas, now an archaeological site. ... Túpac Amaru II (March 19, 1738 Peru – May 1781) was the leader of an indigenous uprising in 1780 against the Spaniards in colonial Peru. ...

The movement began by staging the robbing of banks, gun clubs and other businesses in the early 1960s, then distributing stolen food and money among the poor in Montevideo. By the late 1960s, it was engaged in political kidnappings, "armed propaganda" and assassinations. Of particular note are the kidnapping of powerful bank manager Pereyra Rebervel and of England's ambassador to Uruguay, as well as the assassination of Dan Mitrione, the FBI agent alleged to have taught techniques of torture to police forces in various Latin American countries. Montevideo Independence Plaza, c. ... Dan Mitrione was an American policeman, FBI agent and alleged torture expert who cooperated with the police in various Latin American countries. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...

The peak of the Tupamaros was in 1970 and 1971. During this period they made liberal use of their Cárcel del Pueblo (or People's Prison) where they held those that they kidnapped. In 1971 over 100 imprisoned Tupamaros escaped the Punta Carretas prison. Nonetheless, the movement was hampered by a series of events including important strategic gaffes and the betrayal of high-ranking Tupamaro Héctor Amodio Pérez, and the army's counteroffensive, which included the Escuadrón de la Muerte (Death Squad), police officers who were granted liberal repressive powers to deal with Tupamaros.

The Uruguayan military unleashed a bloody campaign of mass arrests and selected disappearances, dispersing those guerrillas who were not killed or arrested. The torture tactices were spectacularly effective, and by 1972, the MLN had been severely weakened. Its principal leaders were imprisoned under terrible conditions for the next 12 years.

Despite the diminished threat, the civilian government of Juan María Bordaberry ceded government authority to the military in 1973 in a bloodless coup that led to further repression against the population and the suppression of all parties. Juan María Bordaberry is a Uruguayan statesman, who served as President from 1972 to 1976, when he was ousted in a military coup. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1973 calendar). ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ...

After democracy was restored to Uruguay in 1985, the Tupamaros returned to public life as a legal political party, the Movimiento de Participación Popular (Movement of Popular Participation). Today the party comprises the largest single group within the ruling left-wing Frente Amplio coalition. This article is about the year. ... The Movement of Popular Participation (Movimiento de Participación Popular) is a political party in Uruguay. ... The Broad Front (Frente Amplio in Spanish, also known as Encuentro Progresista) is a Uruguayan political party. ...

Raúl Sendic died in 1989 of Charcot disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, sometimes called Lou Gehrigs disease) is a progressive, invariably fatal motor neurone disease. ...

After the Frente Amplio's electoral victory of 31 October 2004, two old-time Tupamaros, José Mujica and Nora Castro, became presidents of the two Chambers of the Congress. October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining, as the final day of October. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jose (pepe) Mujica is the minister of agriculture and rural development for Uruguay. ...