Turbo Direct Injection (TDI) is the technology used for modern Diesel engines produced by Volkswagen Group, and is widely used in passenger cars produced by the company (especially those sold in Europe). now. ... Volkswagen Group (DE0007664005) (TYO: 7659 ) is a German automobile manufacturer. ... European redirects here. ...

Overview

The engine uses direct injection where a fuel injector sprays directly into the engine cylinder rather than the pre-combustion chamber prevalent in older diesels which used indirect injection. The engine is coupled with a turbocharger and intercooler to increase the amount of air that can get into the engine cylinders, thereby increasing the amount of fuel that can be injected and combusted. In combination, these allow for greater engine performance while also decreasing harmful emissions. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Fuel injection is a technology used in internal combustion engines to mix the fuel with air prior to combustion. ... In an internal combustion engine, the term indirect injection refers to a fuel injection where fuel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber. ... Air foil bearing-supported turbocharger cutaway made by Mohawk Innovative Technology Inc. ... A front-mounted intercooler on a Mitsubishi Eclipse An intercooler is a device used on turbocharged and supercharged internal combustion engines to improve the volumetric efficiency, increase the amount of charge in the engine, and lower charge air temperature thereby increasing power and reliability. ...

Other companies also use similar technology today, but "TDI" usually refers to the engines used in cars made by Volkswagen, Audi, and related brands. Normally-aspirated engines (those without a turbocharger) made by Volkswagen Group use the label "Saugdiesel Direct Injection" (SDI). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Audi is a German automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria. ...

The reduced material volume of the direct injection diesel engine reduces heat losses and thereby increases engine efficiency, at the expense of increased combustion noise. A direct injection engine is also easier to start when cold, due to the reduced heat loss of the design. Fuel efficiency sometimes means the same as thermal efficiency or fuel economy. ...

History

The first TDI engine was a 2.5L inline five-cylinder introduced in the Audi 100 in 1989. Over time, the TDI arrangement has been enhanced by improving the efficiency of the turbocharger, increasing the pressure at which fuel can be injected, and more precisely timing when the injection of fuel takes place. There have been a few major generations, starting with what are known as "VE" engines. In 2000, the Pumpe Düse (PD, variously translated "pump nozzle", "unit injector", "pump injector") engine began to appear in Europe, eventually coming to North America a few years later. Audi 100 Avant 1994 The Audi 100 was a mid-sized automobile from Audi that was made between 1968 and 1994. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... European redirects here. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

The PD design was a reaction to the development of common rail fuel injection by competitors; an attempt by Volkswagen to create an in-house technology of comparable performance that would not require any royalties to be paid. However, while Pumpe Düse engines had a significantly higher injection pressure than older engines, they couldn't keep up with common rail and weren't able to control injection timing as precisely (a major factor in improving emissions). PD technology was abandoned, and new engines appearing as of 2006 are using the common rail technique with piezoelectric injectors. Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct injection system for Diesel engines. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Piezoelectricity is the ability of certain crystals to produce a voltage when subjected to mechanical stress. ...

A racing version of the common rail TDI engine made an impact in 2006 when it was used in the Audi R10, which won the 12 Hours of Sebring and 24 Hours of Le Mans, becoming the first diesel-powered car to win either of those races. Fuel economy was a significant factor, as the car didn't have to refuel as often as others in the race. The car used a special synthetic diesel blend as fuel. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, autosport or motorsport) is a sport involving racing automobiles. ... Audi R10 racing car, static, from the front right The Audi R10 is a sports-racing car prepared for sports car racing in the LMP1 class of the Le Mans 24 Hours. ... The 12 Hours of Sebring is an annual motorsport endurance race held at Sebring Raceway, a former Air Force base in Sebring, Florida. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

TDI engines are frequent winners of various prizes in the International Engine of the Year Awards. In 1999 in particular, 6 out of 12 categories were won by TDI engines: 3 were Volkswagen, 2 were BMW and 1 Audi. Its worth noting, that year, the Volkswagen 1.2L TDI beat the Toyota Prius to win "Best Fuel Economy". The International Engine of the Year is an annual competition judged by a panel of automobile journalists from around the world and organized by the United Kingdoms largest technical motoring publication company. ...

Fuel

Like all diesel engines, TDI engines can run on petrodiesel or biodiesel. When converted properly, one can be made to also run on straight vegetable oil (SVO) or waste vegetable oil (WVO). Most conversions also make it possible to run on kerosene. This article is about the fuel. ... Biodiesel refers to a diesel-equivalent, processed fuel derived from biological sources. ... Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) is a fuel for diesel engines that can be either pure new vegetable oil or waste vegetable oil that has been cleaned, although this is normally referred to as WVO. Vegetable oil used as fuel in a compression ignition or diesel engine is also referred to... Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) is vegetable oil that has become unfit for food preparation. ... Russian kerosene lamp Kerosene or paraffin oil (British English, not to be confused with the waxy solid also called paraffin wax or just paraffin) is a colorless flammable hydrocarbon liquid. ...

In terms of fuel efficiency, and clean emissions when run on biodiesel or SVO/WVO, TDI engines are among the best on the market. This is often overlooked because they do not drive on gasoline. The common Volkswagen 1.9L TDI, officially gets between 37-57 mpg for the automatic and 42-61 mpg for the 5-speed.

Newer TDI engines, with higher injection pressures, are less forgiving about poor-quality fuel than their 1980s ancestors. No. 2 diesel fuel is recommended since it has a higher cetane number than No. 1 fuel and has lower viscosity (better ability to flow) than heavier fuel oils. Many environmentalists have converted their TDI cars to run on SVO or WVO by installing devices that pre-heat the oil to lower its viscosity, as the viscosity of unrefined oil is much higher than petrodiesel or biodiesel. Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. ... This article is about the fuel. ... Cetane number or CN is to diesel fuel what octane rating is to gasoline. ... The pitch drop experiment at the University of Queensland. ...

Volkswagen of America does not endorse the use of biodiesel in high percentages and states that "[s]hould the use of substandard fuels, or higher level blends of biodiesel, damage your engine or fuel system, such damage cannot be covered under warranty." Thus a high-percentage biodiesel user who encounters fuel system problems can reasonably expect difficulty obtaining service under warranty if the biodiesel use is apparent to the dealer. Volkswagen of America is the U.S. subsidiary of the Volkswagen automobile company in Germany. ...

See also

• List of Volkswagen TDI engines
• Turbodiesel

This page lists automobile engines that Volkswagen or its subsidies uses today. ... A turbodiesel is a name for a turbocharged Diesel engine. ...

External links

• TDI Club A comprehensive source for all TDI information. From performance modifications to maximum fuel economy or aftermarket rims. Deals with VW, Audi, Skoda, Seat, and more.
• Turbo Direct Injection FAQ Numerous Frequently Asked Question written by Fred and contributors from tdiclub.com
• TDIClub Wiki
• General Biodiesel information
• Turbo Direct Injection or TDI for short A picture of a VW V10 TDI engine.
• VW Vortex VWvortex the volkswagen enthusiast site, covers all types of volkswagens including TDI's.
• Greater Cincinnati TDI Club
• Clube TDI PortugalA great forum/club to share ideas about TDi. Visit us!