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Turbodiesel refers to any diesel engine with a turbocharger. Turbocharging is the norm rather than the exception in modern car diesel engines. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Diesel engines in a museum Diesel generator on an oil tanker A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine which operates using the Diesel cycle. ... Turbo redirects here. ...

A Land Rover 2.5-litre 4-cylinder turbodiesel engine is typical of 'first generation' automotive turbodiesels. The turbocharger itself is clearly visible in the upper centre of this picture.

This type of engine was first introduced in a production car in May 1978 in the Mercedes-Benz 300SD (series W116, engine OM617.950), only produced for the United States. In Europe, its first application was in the Peugeot 604 in early 1979 (model year 1978). Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... Land Rover was the name of one of the first British civilian all-terrain utility vehicles, first produced by Rover in 1947. ... Mercedes-Benz has sold a number of automobiles with the 300 model name: 1951–1957 W186 1951–1957 300 1951–1958 W188 1951–1958 300S 1954–1963 W198 1954–1963 300SL 1958–1962 W189 1958–1962 300d 1961–1965 W112 1961–1965 300SE 1962–1965 300SEL 1965–1967 W108 1965... Mercedes-Benz W116 The Mercedes-Benz W116 automobiles were produced from 1972 through 1980 and were the first Mercedes models to be officially called S-Class, although earlier sedan models had already unofficially been designated with the letter S - for Sonderklasse or special class. They were large luxury sedans, which... The OM617 engine family was a straight-5 Diesel automobile engine from Mercedes-Benz used in the 1970s and 1980s. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Peugeot 604 The Peugeot 604 was an executive car produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot from 1975 to 1985. ...

Characteristics

The improvements to power, fuel economy and Noise, Vibration, and Harshness in both small- and large-capacity turbodiesels over the last decade have spurred their widespread adoption in certain markets, notably in Europe where they (as of 2006) make up over 50% of new car registrations. [1] Turbodiesels are generally considered more flexible for automotive uses than naturally-aspirated diesels, which have strong low-speed torque outputs but lack power at higher speeds. Turbodiesels can be designed to have a more acceptable spread of both power and torque over their speed range or, if being built for commercial use, can be designed to improve either torque or power at a given speed depending on the exact use. Noise, Vibration, and Harshness, also known as Noise and Vibration, abbreviated to NVH and N&V respectively, is the name given to the field of measuring, and modifying, the noise and vibration characteristics of vehicles, particularly cars and trucks. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A naturally-aspirated engine (NA - aspiration meaning breathing) refers to an internal combustion engine (normally petrol or diesel powered) that is neither turbocharged nor supercharged. ... For other senses of this word, see torque (disambiguation). ...

A Mazda Axela (Mazda 3 outside Japan) with a modern common rail turbodiesel engine with variable geometry turbocharger, double overhead camshafts and 16 valves.

Turbochargers are in many ways more suited to operation in diesel engines. The smaller speed range that Diesel engines work in (between 1000 and 5000 rpm for a private car, and as little as 1000-2500 rpm for a larger unit in a commercial vehicle) mean that the turbocharger has to change speed less, reducing turbo lag and improving efficiency. Diesel engines do not require dump valves (see the turbocharger article for more information) and have lower exhaust temperatures which reduces stress on the turbine blades.^{[citation needed]} Perhaps most significantly, the diesel engine is immune from detonation because the fuel is not injected until the moment of combustion, so the compression ratio does not have to be reduced, or other anti-detonation measures taken, as would be necessary for a turbocharged spark-ignition engine.The turbodiesel engine can also help with the amount of torque it can give out. Commonly used in trucks, it helps improve the towing capacity of a truck, as well as fuel economy. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 1122 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Turbodiesel Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 1122 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Turbodiesel Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Mazda3s 5-door hatchback Mazda3 sedan The Axela, or Mazda3 is a compact car manufactured by the Mazda Motor Corporation. ... rpm or RPM may mean: revolutions per minute RPM Package Manager (originally called Red Hat Package Manager) RPM (movie) RPM (band), a Brazilian rock band RPM (magazine), a former Canadian music industry magazine In firearms, Rounds Per Minute: how many shots an automatic weapon can fire in one minute On... A commercial vehicle is a type of vehicle used for carrying goods or passengers. ... Turbo lag is the delay between when you press the throttle and the turbocharger starts producing boost pressure. ... Dump valves are fitted to the engines of (usually older) turbo charged cars and sit between the turbo outlet and the throttle body. ... Turbo redirects here. ... A Siemens steam turbine with the case opened. ... Fuel efficiency, sometimes also referred to as fuel economy and commonly gas mileage in the United States, is a numeric measure often used to describe the amount of fuel consumed with regard to the distance travelled in a transportation vehicle, such as an automobile. ...

Turbochargers v. Superchargers for Diesel Engines

A turbocharger is generally more desirable than a supercharger unless outright power is required. Turbochargers offer increased power without the same decrease in fuel economy. In both a turbo- and a supercharged engine, power is increased by providing air under pressure to the engine's cylinders. This allows an increased amount of fuel to be burnt, producing more power. However, this inevitably increases fuel consumption. A supercharger is driven directly from the engine and thus its boost output is directly related to engine speed. A turbocharger is more directly controlled by the pressure of the exhaust gases, which as well as increasing with engine speed, also vary significantly with engine load. A supercharger (also known as a blower) is an air compressor used to force more air (and hence more oxygen) into the combustion chamber(s) of an internal combustion engine than can be achieved at ambient atmospheric pressure (natural aspiration). ... Look up cylinder in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the fuel. ... Look up exhaust in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Gas (disambiguation). ... Load may mean: Look up Load in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

When a diesel engine is put under a load, there is greater resistance to the expansion of combustion gases in the cylinder. This increases combustion pressure and temperature, and this increases the pressure and temperature of the exhaust gases. A turbodiesel engine under a heavy load will thus drive its turbocharger at a greater speed than if the same engine is run at the same RPM under little or no load. rpm or RPM may mean: revolutions per minute RPM Package Manager (originally called Red Hat Package Manager) RPM (movie) RPM (band), a Brazilian rock band RPM (magazine), a former Canadian music industry magazine In firearms, Rounds Per Minute: how many shots an automatic weapon can fire in one minute On...

This has the effect that a turbocharger delivers boost, thus increasing power (and fuel consumption) only when such a power increase is demanded by putting the engine under a heavy load. For example- a turbodiesel-powered vehicle accelerating from rest will put its engine under a heavy load, thus causing high boost pressures to be delivered by the turbocharger. This is detected by the fuel injection system, which delivers more fuel to provide more power. Once the vehicle reaches a constant speed and constant engine RPM, load decreases significantly, the pressure of the exhaust gases through the turbo drop, boost decreases and so does fuel delivery, thus lowering fuel consumption to near the same levels as a naturally-aspirated diesel engine. If, say, the vehicle starts climbing a gradient, the engine load increases and the turbocharger and fuel system provide more power. Extra fuel is delivered only when needed. // Fuel injection is a system of fuel delivery for mixture with air in an internal combustion engine. ... A naturally-aspirated engine (NA - aspiration meaning breathing) refers to an internal combustion engine (normally petrol or diesel powered) that is neither turbocharged nor supercharged. ...

A supercharger delivers near-constant boost pressures, and so fuel consumption suffers. Superchargers have the advantage of having no boost threshold (an RPM level below which a turbocharger does not operate effectively) and almost no lag. Superchargers only need to be connected to the engine's intake system, thus making installation easier and reducing to some extent the increase in internal temperatures that occurs with turbocharging.

Even in engines operating under a constant load (such as electrical generators), turbochargers have advantages over superchargers. The main advantage is that a turbocharger does not "rob" power from the engine to the same extent that a supercharger does. A supercharger takes power directly from the engine's crankshaft to drive it- large units can draw up to 10% of the engine's total power when at full boost, although of course, they provide a power increase much greater than this. Turbochargers are driven by the engine's exhaust gases. A relatively smaller power loss is caused by the turbocharger's turbine restricting the flow of exhaust gases and increasing back-pressure. In a gasoline engine this power-loss is much more pronounced. It is commonly referred to as turbo-lag and is experienced at lower engine speeds. However, since these speeds are where a diesel is most efficient, the turbo spools (spins) very quickly and lag is almost non-existent. The diesel's torque output is increased and a broader range of engine speeds can be used. Generator redirects here. ... Crankshaft (red), pistons (gray) in their cylinders (blue), and flywheel (black) Continental engine marine crankshafts, 1942 Components of a typical, four stroke cycle, DOHC piston engine. ... A Siemens steam turbine with the case opened. ...

Turbodiesels in the United States

During the 1990s, turbodiesel engines were mainly used in the United States for light trucks. An example is the Ford Power Stroke engine series, mounted on Ford F-Series Super Duty pickup trucks, the E-series vans and the Excursion sport utility vehicles. Light truck or light duty truck is a classification for trucks or truck-based vehicles with a payload capacity of less than 4,000 pounds (1,815 kg). ... Introduced in 1994, as a Mid Year Model Change (1994. ... The F-Series is a series of full-size pickup trucks from Ford Motor Company sold for over 5 decades. ... The best selling North American pickup truck, the Ford F-Series. ... The Ford E-Series, formerly named and also known as the Econoline or Club Wagon, is a line of full-size vans (both cargo and passenger) and truck chassis from the Ford Motor Company. ... This article is about the road vehicle. ... The Ford Excursion is a full-size sport utility vehicle that was produced by the Ford Motor Company between model years 2000 and 2005. ... A fourth-generation (2006-) Ford Explorer, the best-selling mid-size SUV in the United States. ...

As diesel sold in the United States had a high rate of sulphur, modern engines developed in Europe would have emissions problems, so very few sedans, station wagons and hatchbacks were sold with diesel engines. This article is about the fuel. ... For the chemical element see: sulfur. ... A notchback full-size luxury sedan. ... Estate car body style (Saab 95) A station wagon (United States usage), wagon (Australian usage, though station wagon is widely used) or estate car (United Kingdom usage) is a car body style similar to a sedan car but with an extended rear cargo area. ... Renault Megane hatchback, a proper hatchback which has shown huge success in Europe Peugeot 306 hatchback, with the hatch lifted and the parcel shelf tilted for access Hatchback is a term designating an automobile design, containing a passenger cabin with an integrated cargo space, accessed from behind the vehicle by...

After ultra low sulphur diesel was introduced in the United States in October 2006, automakers began to develop turbodiesels which could take advantage of it to reduce emissions. Manufacturers like Volkswagen have been releasing cars with four and six-cylinder turbodiesels. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) describes a new EPA standard for the sulfur content in on-road diesel fuel sold in the United States, beginning October 15th, 2006, except for California which must be selling it by September 1st, 2006. ... VW redirects here. ...

Mercedes reintroduced turbodiesel technology with the 2005 E320 CDI. Boasting a 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) time of 6.6 s and fuel consumption of 37 mpg, the full year production estimate of 3000 CDIs were ordered within five months. Even more recently, however, Mercedes introduced the BlueTec diesel engine. Offering a 3.0 liter V6, as well as urea injection and particulate filters, the E320 BlueTec has been named the cleanest turbodiesel offered in the United States. Mercedes E280 CDI Mercedes E280 CDI The Mercedes-Benz E-Class is a mid-sized luxury automobile sold by the Mercedes-Benz branch of DaimlerChrysler. ... Miles per gallon (MPG, or mpg) is a measure of fuel efficiency - the number of miles the car can run on one gallon of fuel. ... BlueTec is DaimlerChryslers name for its two nitrogen oxide (NOx) reducing systems, for use in their Diesel automobile engines. ...

See also

• Common rail
• Diesel engine
• Injection pump
• Intercooler
• Turbocharger
• Variable geometry turbocharger