Turgor (also called turgor pressure or osmotic pressure) is the pressure that can build in a space that is enclosed by a membrane that is permeable to a solvent of a solution such as water but not to the solutes of the soluton. Osmosis is the diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration. ... A membrane is a thin, typically planar structure or material that separates two environments. ... In geology, permeability is a measure of the ability of a material (typically, a rock) to transmit fluids through it. ... A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. ... Dissolving table salt in water In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (the solutes) dissolved in another substance (the solvent). ... A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in the fluid. ...

A biological cell, for example a plant cell, contains ions, sugars, amino acids, and other substances. In a hypotonic environment, water flows across the plasma membrane into the cell (since the concentration of water is lower inside the cell than outside), causing it to expand. The cell wall of a plant cell restricts the expansion, causing the cell to press against the wall. The resulting pressure is called turgor. Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green) The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms, sometimes called the building blocks of life. ... Divisions Green algae Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum... An ion is an elementary particle or system of elementary particles with a net electric charge. ... A sugar is a carbohydrate which is sweet to taste. ... In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ... In biology, a hypotonic cell environment is one with a lower concentration of solutes than the cytoplasm. ... Drawing of a cell membrane A component of every biological cell, the cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is a thin and structured bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that envelopes the cell. ... A cell wall is a more or less solid layer surrounding a cell. ...

The osmotic pressure π of a dilute solution can be calculated using the formula

where

M is the molarity

R is the gas constant

T is absolute temperature (i.e. measured in kelvin).

Note the similarity of the above formula to the ideal gas law. This page refers to concentration in the chemical sense. ... U R ALL NERDS HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA ... The kelvin (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature, and is one of the seven SI base units. ... The ideal gas law, or universal gas equation, is an equation of state of an ideal gas. ...

See also

• Pfeffer cell
• cell wall