Turkish folk music (Türk Halk Müziği) has combined the distinct cultural values of all those civilisations which have lived in Anatolia and the Ottoman territories in Europe and Asia. It is a unique structure which includes regional differences under one umbrella, giving rise to a wealth and variety the like of which can seldom be seen anywhere else in the world. Despite that wide variety from the point of view of regional characteristics, Turkish folk music can broadly be classified into the following seven regional categories: History (Timeline and Samples) Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Pop - Religious - Rock Music awards Kral - MÃœ-YAP - MGD Charts Powerturk 40 - Kral 20 Annual festivals Istanbul International Music Festival - Istanbul International Jazz Festival - Ankara IMF - Izmir European Jazz Festival Media Bant magazine - Mix! - Adante - BlueJean... Ottoman classical music (Türk Sanat Müziği) is a kind of music that developed parallel with the Ottoman Empire. ... Belly dance or bellydance (possibly a mis-transliteration of the dance style Beledi or Baladi) is a Western name coined for a style of dance developed in the Middle East and other Arabic-influenced areas. ... History (Timeline and Samples) Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Pop - Religious - Rock Music awards Kral - MÃœ-YAP - MGD Charts Powerturk 40 - Kral 20 Annual festivals Istanbul International Music Festival - Istanbul International Jazz Festival - Ankara IMF - Izmir European Jazz Festival Media Bant magazine - Mix! - Adante - BlueJean... Whirling Dervishes perform near the Mevlevi Museum in Konya, Turkey. ... The Turkish rock scene began in the mid- to late 1960s, when popular United States and United Kingdom bands became well-known. ... History (Timeline and Samples) Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Pop - Religious - Rock Music awards Kral - MÃœ-YAP - MGD Charts Powerturk 40 - Kral 20 Annual festivals Istanbul International Music Festival - Istanbul International Jazz Festival - Ankara IMF - Izmir European Jazz Festival Media Bant magazine - Mix! - Adante - BlueJean... Turkish music, in the sense described here, is not really music of Turkey, but rather a musical style that was occasionally used by the European composers of the Classical music era. ... History (Timeline and Samples) Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Pop - Religious - Rock Music awards Kral - MÃœ-YAP - MGD Charts Powerturk 40 - Kral 20 Annual festivals Istanbul International Music Festival - Istanbul International Jazz Festival - Ankara IMF - Izmir European Jazz Festival Media Bant magazine - Mix! - Adante - Blue... Turkish music, in the sense described here, is not really music of Turkey, but rather a musical style that was occasionally used by the European composers of the Classical music era. ... Belly dancers Belly dance is a Western name coined for a style of female dance developed in the Middle East and other Arabic_influenced areas. ... Turkish hip hop started in Germany with groups such as Islamic Force and Cartel. ... Ottoman classical music (Türk Sanat Müziği) is a kind of music that developed parallel with the Ottoman Empire. ... History (Timeline and Samples) Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Pop - Religious - Rock Music awards Kral - MÃœ-YAP - MGD Charts Powerturk 40 - Kral 20 Annual festivals Istanbul International Music Festival - Istanbul International Jazz Festival - Ankara IMF - Izmir European Jazz Festival Media Bant magazine - Mix! - Adante - BlueJean... Whirling Dervishes perform near the Mevlevi Museum in Konya, Turkey. ... The Turkish rock scene began in the mid- to late 1960s, when popular United States and United Kingdom bands became well-known. ... The Istanbul International Music Festival, formerly Istanbul Festival, (Turkish: Uluslararası Ä°stanbul Müzik Festivali) is a cultural event held every June and July in Istanbul, Turkey. ... The Istanbul International Jazz Festival, formerly Istanbul Festival, (Turkish: Uluslararası Ä°stanbul Caz Festivali) is a cultural event held every July in Istanbul, Turkey. ... The Izmir European Jazz Festival, (Turkish: Izmir Avrupa Caz Festivali) is a cultural event held in the first half of every March in Izmir, Turkey. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... The Ä°stiklâl Marşı (i. ... Azerbaijan is in Caucasus but, musically, it is more closely linked to Persian culture. ... // Origin of Jewish music in the Temple The earliest synagogal music was based on the same system as that used in the Temple in Jerusalem. ... Traditionally, there are three types of Kurdish Classical performers - storytellers (çîrokbêj), minstrels (stranbêj) and bards (dengbêj). ... Pontus was a name applied in ancient times to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the Main), by the Greeks. ... 19th century print of Roma musicians Roma music is highly varied among the diverse communities of the Roma (aka Gypsies). ... Zaza may refer to: The Zaza people, an ethnic group in Eastern Anatolia (Southeastern Turkey). ... This is a list of some of the 3000 islands of Greece: Chrysi Crete Dia Euboea Gavdos Koufonisi Ydra The Cyclades Amorgos Anafi Andros Antiparos Anydro Delos Donoussa Folegandros Gyaros Ios Irakleia Kea Keros Kimolos Kithnos Makronisos Milos Mykonos (Mikonos) Naxos Paros Pholegandros Santorini (also called Thira) Serifos Sifnos Sikinos... Map of Rumelia as of 1801 Rumelia (turkish: Rum: Roman El: Land Rumeli: Lands of Rome), the area that was the East Roman or Byzantine Empire, a name commonly used, from the 15th century onwards, to denote the part of the Balkan Peninsula subject to the Ottoman Empire. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... Arab music is the music of Arabic-speaking people or countries, especially those centered around the Arabian Peninsula. ... The music of Southeastern Europe, sometimes characterised by complex rhythm, is a type of music distinct from others in Europe. ... Traditionally, there are three types of Kurdish Classical performers - storytellers (çîrokbêj), minstrels (stranbêj) and bards (dengbêj). ... Moosiqi Asil or Persian music is the traditional and indigenous music of Persia and Persian-speaking countries: musiqi, the science and art of music, and moosiqi, the sound and performance of music (Sakata 1983). ... Pontus was a name applied in ancient times to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the Main), by the Greeks. ... Thrace is a historical region of Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. ... Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

One must nevertheless bear in mind, of course, that there may well be important differences between cities or areas within the same region.

Varieties of style, scales, and rhythm

Music accompanied by words can be classified under the following headings: Türkü (folksongs), Koşma (free-form folk songs about love or nature), Semai (folk song ın Semai poetic form), Mani (a traditional Turkish quatrain form), Destan (epic), Deyiş (speech), Uzun Hava (long melody), Bozlak (a folk song form), Ağıt (a lament), Hoyrat, Maya (a variety of Turkish folksong), Boğaz Havası (throat tune), Teke Zorlatması, Ninni (lullaby), Tekerleme (a playful form in folk narrative), etc. These are divided into free-forms or improvisations with no obligatory metrical or rhythmic form, known as "Uzun Hava", and those which have a set metrical or rhythmic structure, known as "Kırık Havalar" (broken melodies). Both can also be employed at the same time.

Music generally played without words, and dance tunes, go by the names Halay, Bengi, Karşılama, Zeybek, Horon, Bar, etc. The zeybek or zeybeÄŸi is a Turkish folk dance. ...

Scales

Although Turkish folk music melodies possess the same note and scale modules as traditional Ottoman Classical Music, the melodies known as makam (similar to the medieval concept of mode) in Turkish folk music can be known by different names depending on the region, such as: Beşiri, Garip, Kerem, Misket, and Müstezad.

Rhythms

Simple rhythms such as 2/4, 4/4 and 3/4, irregular beats such as 5/8, 7/8, 9/8, 7/4, and 5/4, and mixed rhythms such as 8/8, 10/8, and 12/8 are used in folk music.

Instruments

Stringed instruments

Plucked stringed instruments include the lute-like saz, bağlama, and tar, and the dulcimer-like kanun (also sometimes hammered). Bowed stringed instruments include the kabak kemane and karadeniz kemençesi. A string instrument (also stringed instrument) is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. ... Saz player BaÄŸlama or saz is a musical instrument family from Persia which is very popular in Turkey. ... The baÄŸlama is a stringed musical instrument shared by various cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean. ... Iranian Tar Woman playing the tar in a painting from the Hasht-Behesht Palace in Isfahan Iran, 1669 Iranian Tar The tar is a long-necked, waisted lute found in Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia and other areas near the Caucasus region. ... The qanún or kanun is a musical string instrument used in Middle-Eastern music. ...

Wind instruments

Woodwind instruments include the double-reed, shawm-like zurna, the single reed, clarinet-like sipsi, the single-reed twin-piped çifte, the end-blown flutes kaval and ney, and the droneless bagpipe, the tulum. An old shepherd's instrument, made from an eagle's wing bone, was the çığırtma. A woodwind instrument is a wind instrument in which sound is produced by blowing through a mouthpiece against an edge or by a vibrating reed, and in which the pitch is varied by opening or closing holes in the body of the instrument. ... For other meanings, see Zurna (disambiguation) and Surna (disambiguation) The Zurna (also called Surna) is a surnay woodwind instrument of Asia Minor used in traditional weddings along with a Davul. ... The sipsi is a Turkish woodwind instrument. ... A 1919 Kaval. ... Woman playing the ney in a painting from the Hasht-Behesht Palace in Isfahan Iran, 1669 The ney (also nai, nye, nay) is an end-blown flute that figures prominently in Middle Eastern music--in some of these musical traditions, it is the only wind instrument used. ... The Tulum is a musical instrument, a form of bagpipe from Turkey. ... Genera Several, see below. ...

Percussion instruments

Percussion instruments include drums – davul and nağara – the tambourine-like tef, and the spoons-like kaşık. Percussion instruments are music instruments played by being struck, shaken, rubbed or scraped, hence the percussive name. ... Drum carried by John Unger, Company B, 40th Regiment New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Mozart Regiment, December 20, 1863 Several American Indian-style drums for sale at the National Museum of the American Indian. ... The davul is the Turkish name for a type of two-sided frame drum found in the Middle East and Balkan Europe. ... A common silver spoon A spoon is a common eating utensil, or item of cutlery, somewhat like a small spade, with a bowl-shaped end on a handle, that occurs in a number of sizes and forms. ...

Uses of music

Melodies of differing types and styles have been created by the people in various spheres and stages of life, joyful or sad, from birth to death. Minstrels, accompanying themselves on the saz, played a most important role in the development and spread of Turkish folk music.

Samples

Image File history File links Nida_Tufekci_-_Anakara_folk_dance_-_The_Misket. ... Image File history File links Aegean_folk_music_agir_zeybek. ... Image File history File links Istanbul_ciftetelli_folk_music. ... Image File history File links Canim_memleket_-_black_sea_region_folk. ... Image File history File links Mevlevi_music. ...

See also

• Kurdish music

Traditionally, there are three types of Kurdish Classical performers - storytellers (çîrokbêj), minstrels (stranbêj) and bards (dengbêj). ...

Sources and external links

• Folk/Local Music at the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism website
• Musical instruments of Turkey — from All about Turkey
• TIKA music