NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Turku, Finland

Turku (IPA: [ˈturku] (help· info), Swedish: Åbo (help· info)), founded in the 13th century, is the oldest and fifth largest city in Finland, with a population of 174,868 (as of 2005). Located (60.4515° N 22.2669° E) at the mouth of the Aurajoki in the southwest of the country, it is the capital city of both the region of Finland Proper and the province of Western Finland, as well as being the centre of the country's third largest urban area, with around 270,000 inhabitants. Turku has one of the largest Finland-Swedish populations in the country. The Finnish word for the inhabitants of Turku is turkulaiset (singular: turkulainen). Due to its location, the Port of Turku is one of the busiest seaports in Finland. Image File history File links Turku. ... The municipalities (kunta in Finnish, kommun in Swedish) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental administrative units of the country. ... Download high resolution version (1804x3001, 412 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Turku Categories: GFDL images ... Finland consists of 6 provinces (Finnish: lÃ¤Ã¤nit, Swedish: lÃ¤n). ... The Province of Western Finland is a province of Finland. ... Finland is divided into 20 regions (maakunta/landskap in Finnish/Swedish). ... Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi in Finnish, Egentliga Finland in Swedish) is a region in south-western Finland. ... In 2005 Finland is divided into 77 sub-regions (seutukunta in Finnish, ekonomisk region in Swedish). ... The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... This is a list of the municipalities of Finland sorted by area as of 2003: 17321,32 km²: Inari/Enare 12416,81 km²: Sodankylä 8463,59 km²: Enontekiö/Enontekis 8411,79 km²: Kittilä 7915,51 km²: Rovaniemen_mlk/Rovaniemi_lk 6470,65 km²: Savukoski 5878,00 km²: Salla 5865,79 km²: Pudasj... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... This is a list of the municipalities of Finland sorted by population as of 31st of December 2005: Helsinki (Helsingfors) 560 905 {+0,3%} Espoo (Esbo) 231 704 {+1,9%} Tampere (Tammerfors) 204 337 {+0,7%} Vantaa (Vanda) 187 281 {+1,0%} Turku (Ã…bo) 174 868 {+0,0%} Oulu (Ule... Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ... An 1837 political cartoon about unemployment in the United States. ... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... Image File history File links Fi-Turku. ... Image File history File links Sv-Ã…bo. ... This is a list of towns in Finland. ... The Aura river (Finnish Aurajoki) is a river in south-western Finland. ... Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi in Finnish, Egentliga Finland in Swedish) is a region in south-western Finland. ... The Province of Western Finland is a province of Finland. ... The city of San Francisco, an example of an urban area. ... ... The Port of Turku is the oldest port in Finland, and it is mentioned in the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisis 1154 book Kitab Rudjar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Port. ...

Turku has a cultural identity as Finland's historical centre, as it was the largest city in the country. It was also the capital from 1809 to 1812 when Helsinki was made the capital. It also hosted the country's first university, the The Royal Academy of Turku. Combatants Russia France Denmarkâ€“Norway Sweden Commanders Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor Carl Johan Adlercreutz Georg Carl von DÃ¶beln The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and Russia from February 1808 to September 1809. ... Founded 1550 Country Finland Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Area[1] - Of which land - Rank 185. ... The Royal Academy of Turku (Fi: Turun akatemia), (Sv: Ã…bo Kungliga Akademi), was the name of the University of Helsinki until 1809, when it was renamed the Imperial Academy of Turku. ...

History

Turku has a long history as Finland's largest city and administrative centre, but has, over the last two centuries, given up both titles to Helsinki. To this day, the city's identity stems from its status as the oldest city in Finland and the country's former capital. Originally, the word 'Finland' referred only to the area around Turku (hence the title, 'Finland Proper' for the region). Founded 1550 Country Finland Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Area[1] - Of which land - Rank 185. ... Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi in Finnish, Egentliga Finland in Swedish) is a region in south-western Finland. ...

Although archaeological findings, dating back to the Stone Age, have been discovered, Turku did not become a significant location until the late 13th century. Its name originated from an old Russian word, tǔrgǔ, meaning "market place". The Cathedral of Turku was consecrated in 1300, and together with Turku Castle and the Dominican monastery (founded in 1249), the city became the most important location in medieval Finland. Stone Age fishing hook. ... The name Old Russian language has been applied to different things. ... The Cathedral of Turku The Cathedral of Turku is a Evangelical Lutheran cathedral in Turku, Finland. ... To consecrate an inanimate object is to dedicate it in a ritual to a special purpose, usually religious. ... The Medieval keep of Turku Castle viewed from west Exterior of Castle Bailey, viewed from south The Turku Castle, (Finnish: Turun linna, Swedish: Ã…bo slott) dating from the 1280s, is a monument of Finnish history. ... Monastery of St. ... Events University, the first College at Oxford founded Births Emperor Kameyama of Japan Pope John XXII Frederick I, Margrave of Baden Deaths July 6 - Alexander II of Scotland (b. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ...

During the Middle Ages, Turku was the seat of the Bishop of Turku (a title later upgraded to 'Archbishop of Turku'), covering all of Finland until the 17th century, and the only city in Finland to trade with the Hanseatic League. Even if Turku had no official capital status, both the Dukes and Governors-General of Finland usually had their Finnish residences there. In 1640, the first university in Finland, the Academy of Åbo, was founded in Turku. Turku was also the meeting place of the States of Finland in 1676. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The Archbishop of Turku, or the Archbishop of Åbo is the head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. ... The Archbishop of Turku, or the Archbishop of Åbo is the head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. ... Carta marina of the Baltic Sea region (1539). ... Duke of Finland (in Finnish Suomen herttua; Swedish hertig av Finland) was an occasional medieval title granted as a tertiogeniture to the relatives of the King of Sweden between the 13th and 16th centuries. ... A Governor-General, or Generalguvernör, was appointed by the Swedish monarch as a form of viceroy, with both civil and military jurisdiction, over parts of the Swedish Realm, from the 17th century to the early 19th century, when constitutional changes made the office obsolete. ... Events December 1 - Portugal regains its independence from Spain and JoÃ£o IV of Portugal becomes king. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... The Academy of Ã…bo was the name of a still existing University of Helsinki between 1640 and 1827. ... The Porvoo Diet is opened by Alexander I The Diet of Finland (Finnish Suomen maapÃ¤ivÃ¤t, later valtiopÃ¤ivÃ¤t; Swedish Finlands Landtdagar), was the legislative assembly of the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906 and the heir of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole RÃ¸mer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ...

After the Finnish War, which ended when Sweden ceded Finland to Imperial Russia at the Treaty of Hamina in 1809, the capital was changed from Turku to Helsinki, as Emperor Alexander I felt that Turku was too far from Russia and too aligned with Sweden to serve as the capital of the Grand Duchy. The change officially took place in 1812. The government offices that remained in Turku were finally moved to the new capital after the Great Fire of Turku, which almost completely destroyed the city in 1827. After the fire, a new and safer city plan was drawn up by German architect Carl Ludvig Engel, who had also designed the new capital, Helsinki. Turku remained the largest city in Finland for another twenty years. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Combatants Russia France Denmarkâ€“Norway Sweden Commanders Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor Carl Johan Adlercreutz Georg Carl von DÃ¶beln The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and Russia from February 1808 to September 1809. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... The Treaty of Fredrikshamn (Freden i Fredrikshamn in Swedish and Haminan rauha in Finnish ) was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Russia on September 17, 1809. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... Aleksandr I Pavlovich (Russian: ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ I ÐŸÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡) (December 23, 1777â€“December 1, 1825), was Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801-1 December 1825 and King of Poland from 1815â€“1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. ... The Grand Duchy of Finland was a state that existed 1809â€“1917 as part of the Russian Empire. ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... The Cathedral and the Academy building after the fire The Great Fire of Turku almost completely destroyed the city of Turku in 1827. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The main building of the University of Helsinki. ...

In 1918, a new university, the Åbo Akademi — the only Swedish-language university in Finland — was founded in Turku. Two years later, the Finnish-language University of Turku was founded alongside it. These two universities are the second and third to be founded in Finland. 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Ã…bo Akademi University is a Swedish language university, founded in 1918 in Turku (Ã…bo in Swedish), Finland. ... Swedish ( ), known since Esaias TegnÃ©r as the language of glory and heroes (Ã¤rans och hjÃ¤ltarnas sprÃ¥k), is a North Germanic language (also called Scandinavian languages) spoken predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the Ã…land islands, by more than nine... Finnish ( ) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92%[1]) and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. ... The University of Turku (Finnish Turun yliopisto, Swedish Ã…bo universitet), located in Turku in southwestern Finland, is the second largest university in the country as measured by student enrolment. ...

20th-century Turku has been called "Finland's gateway to the West" by historians such as Jarmo Virmavirta. The city enjoyed good connections with other Western European countries and cities, especially since the 1940s with Stockholm across the Gulf of Bothnia. In the 1960s, Turku became the first Western city to sign a twinning agreement with Leningrad in the Soviet Union, leading to greater inter-cultural exchange and providing a new meaning to the city's 'gateway' function. After the fall of Communism in Russia, many prominent Soviets came to Turku to study Western business practices, among whom was Vladimir Putin, then Leningrad's deputy mayor . A common post-WWII understanding of Western Europe Western Europe in its most common understanding is a socio-political concept coined and used during the Cold War. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... (IPA: ; UN/LOCODE: SE STO) is the capital of Sweden, and consequently the site of its Government and Parliament as well as the residence of the Swedish head of state, King Carl XVI Gustaf. ... The Baltic Sea The Gulf of Bothnia (Fin. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... For the 1997 film, see Twin Town Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the incumbent President of Russia. ... A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ...

In the 1960s and 1970s, Turku displayed unprecedented rates of growth, resulting in the construction of many new densely-inhabited suburbs such as Varissuo and Runosmäki, and the annexation of many neighbouring municipalities (eg. Maaria and Paattinen). The city's growth has led to problems with unemployment in the new populous suburbs on the one hand, and with the provision of public services (such as education) in more remote parts on the other. Illustration of the backyards of a surburban neighbourhood Suburbs are inhabited districts located either on the outer rim of a city or outside the official limits of a city (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation. ... Varissuo is the largest suburb of the city of Turku, in Finland. ... RunosmÃ¤ki is a district and a suburb of the city of Turku, Finland, located approximately six kilometres to the north of the city centre. ... Maaria (S:t Marie in Swedish) is a former municipality of Finland and a current district in the northern part of the city of Turku. ... Paattinen (Finnish; Patis in Swedish) is a village in south-west Finland and a district of the city of Turku. ... An 1837 political cartoon about unemployment in the United States. ...

Geography

Located at the mouth of the Aura river in the southwestern corner of Finland, Turku covers an area of 243 km² (94 sq mi) of land, spread over both sides of the river. The eastern side, where the Cathedral of Turku is located, is popularly referred to as täl pual jokke ('this side of the river'), while the western side is referred to as tois pual jokke ('the other side of the river'). The city centre is located close to the river mouth, on both sides of the river, though development has recently been expanding westward. Download high resolution version (1200x974, 222 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1200x974, 222 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Cathedral of Turku The Cathedral of Turku is a Evangelical Lutheran cathedral in Turku, Finland. ... The Aura river (Finnish Aurajoki) is a river in south-western Finland. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ...

There are nine bridges over the Aura river in Turku. The first bridge in the city area, known as Pennisilta, was built in 1414, and has since been demolished. The oldest of the current bridges is Auransilta, which was constructed in 1904. The newest bridge is Teatterisilta ('theatre bridge'), a pedestrian-only bridge built in 1997. One of the best-known landmarks of Turku is the Föri, a small ferry that transports pedestrians and bicycles across the river. Look up Pedestrian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The ferryboat Dongan Hills, filled with commuters, about to dock at a New York City pier, ca. ... â€œVeloâ€ redirects here. ...

With a population of approximately 300,000, the Turku region is the third largest urban region in Finland, after Greater Helsinki and the area around Tampere. The region is usually considered to include, in addition to the city itself, at least the neighbouring cities of Naantali, Raisio and Kaarina, and the town of Lieto. Often too, municipalities such as Pargas, Piikkiö, Paimio, Aura, Vahto, Rusko and Masku are included in this definition. Map of the Metropolitan Area (Light Green) and the Capital Region (Dark Green). ... Tampere ( , Swedish name Tammerfors) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes, NÃ¤sijÃ¤rvi and PyhÃ¤jÃ¤rvi, at . ... Naantali (Swedish Nådendal, Latin Vallis Gratiae - valley of grace), city in south-western Finland, known as the probably most important tourist centre of the country. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku City manager Kari Karjalainen Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 419th 49. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku City manager Martti Ilmonen Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 412nd 60. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper District Turku City manager Sauli Ahopelto Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 329th 200. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Ã…boland City manager Folke Ã–hman Official languages Swedish, Finnish Area - total - land ranked 295th 272. ... PiikkiÃ¶ (IPA: ), or Pikis in Swedish, is a municipality of Finland. ... Paimio (Pemar in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Aura is a municipality of Finland. ... Vahto is a municipality of Finland. ... Rusko is a municipality of Finland. ... Masku is a municipality of Finland. ...

Subdivisions

The city is divided into 78 districts and nine wards that do not function as local government units. There are, however, some projects that are based on the district divisions, particularly in the eastern part of the city, where unemployment is rife in certain areas. The largest populated districts are Varissuo and Runosmäki. By area, however, Kakskerta and Paattinen, formed from former municipalities that were annexed to the city proper in the mid-20th century, constitute the largest districts. The wards of Turku. ... Local government areas called districts are used, or have been used, in several countries. ... In Australia, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an electoral area of a borough, city, council, county, district, parish, shire or town (Local Government Area). ... Kakskerta is an island south of the city of Turku, Finland. ... Paattinen (Finnish; Patis in Swedish) is a village in south-west Finland and a district of the city of Turku. ...

As many of the small neighbouring municipalities from the north and south of the city were annexed during the mid-20th century, Turku is today shaped like an elongated pear. The city centre and most of the suburban areas lie in the middle, separated from the less densely populated rural areas to the north by the Turku bypass that forms part of European route E18. Islands such as Ruissalo, Hirvensalo and Kakskerta, forming the southern part of the city, are also sparsely populated and mostly contain summer residences, with the exception of some districts in Hirvensalo which are currently growing into upper-middle-class suburbs. The municipalities (kunta in Finnish, kommun in Swedish) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental administrative units of the country. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Bypass routes are a type of bannered highway usually used when the main route of the highway goes through a town and an alternate route of the same highway goes around the highway. ... European route E18 begins at Ireland, then through the United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, and Finland to end at Russia. ... Ruissalo on a map of Turku. ... Hirvensalo is an island in the Archipelago Sea, belonging to the city of Turku, Finland. ... Vacations to destinations such as Hawaii, shown above, may be seen as a hallmark of the Upper-middle class. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ...

Climate

Lying by the Baltic Sea and sheltered by the islands of the Archipelago Sea, Turku has a hemiboreal climate. Like much of southern Finland, the city experiences warm summers, with temperatures ranging up to 30°C (86°F), and relatively cold winters with frequent snowfall. The warmest month of the year is July, with an average temperature of 17°C (62°F), while the coldest is January at –6°C (21°F). The average year-round temperature is 5°C (41°F). Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53Â°N to 66Â°N latitude and from 20Â°E to 26Â°E longitude. ... Map showing connections in the area A ferry in winter Hiittinen, 25 km west of Hanko The sea area of the Gulf of Bothnia between the Ã…land Islands and mainland Finland is called Archipelago Sea (Finnish Saaristomeri, Swedish SkÃ¤rgÃ¥rdshavet). ... Hemiboreal means halfway between the temperate and subarctic (or boreal) zones. ... Fig. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686â€“1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... Animation of snowcover changing with the seasons Trees covered with snow Snow is a source of precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds. ...

Precipitation in Turku averages 633 mm (25 inches) a year. The rainiest month of the year is August, when the city receives on average 85 mm (3.4 inches) of rainfall. In March, the driest month of the year, the figure is only 29 mm (1.1 inches). The average air pressure at sea level is 1012 millibars, with little variance throughout the year. A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, â€³ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Air pressure can refer to: Atmospheric pressure, the pressure of air environmentally Pressure of air in a system Air pressure is the pressure of the atmosphere pushing down on the earth. ... A millibar (mbar, also mb) is 1/1000th of a bar, a unit for measurement of pressure. ...

Operational since 1955, the city's weather station is located at an altitude of 47 metres (154 feet) at Turku Airport. A technician examines a weather stations anemometer. ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Turku Airport, (IATA: TKU, ICAO: EFTU), is located some 8 kilometers from Turku, Finland. ...

Government and politics

Being both a regional and provincial capital, Turku is an important administrative centre, hosting the seat of the Archbishop of Finland and a Court of Appeal. Mikko Pukkinen, the former city manager of Seinäjoki, has been the city manager of Turku since 2006. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Finland is divided into 20 regions (maakunta/landskap in Finnish/Swedish). ... Finland consists of 6 provinces (Finnish: lÃ¤Ã¤nit, Swedish: lÃ¤n). ... The Archbishop of Turku, or the Archbishop of Åbo is the head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. ... Court of Appeals is the title of certain appellate courts in various jurisdictions. ... Panorama image of SeinÃ¤joki, Finland SeinÃ¤joki is a town located in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. ... The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ...

The city council and municipal government have long been dominated by the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the National Coalition Party (Kokoomus), with approximately equal representation. Currently, the council has 67 members, with 19 from Kokoomus and 18 from SDP. The other major parties in the council are the Left Alliance (10 seats) and the Green League (9). The current chair of the city government is Aleksi Randell from Kokoomus. A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Local government of the United States. ... The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) is one of the most influential political parties in Finland, along with the Centre Party and the Coalition Party. ... The National Coalition Party (Kansallinen Kokoomus or Samlingspartiet) is a political party in Finland. ... The Left Alliance (in Finnish: Vasemmistoliitto, ; in Swedish: VÃ¤nsterfÃ¶rbundet) is a political party in Finland. ... The Green League (Finnish: VihreÃ¤ liitto, Swedish: GrÃ¶na fÃ¶rbundet), is a green political party in Finland. ... Aleksi Randell (born 22 July 1975 in Turku) is a Finnish politician. ...

Olavi Mäenpää, chairman of the far-right organisation Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset (SKS) and a prominent figure in Turku's municipal politics, has provoked some controversy in the local media. In the last municipal elections in 2004, he received more votes than any other candidate in Turku, probably in large part due to protest votes. SKS is, however, a marginal force in the city's administration, having only two seats in the council. Olavi MÃ¤enpÃ¤Ã¤ is a Finnish politician and chairman of Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, a far-right political party. ... Far right, extreme right, ultra-right, or radical right are terms used to discuss the qualitative or relative position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum. ... Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset (Finnish; Finlands Folkets BlÃ¥vita in Swedish, literally the blue-whites of the Finnish people) is a Finnish political party with a far-right nationalist agenda, led by the controvesial political figure Olavi MÃ¤enpÃ¤Ã¤. The party was founded in 1993, but it didnt become a... Demonstrators march in the street while protesting the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on April 16, 2005. ...

Transportation

For a city of its size, Turku has a good public transportation network of bus routes. It is managed and supervised by the City of Turku Public Transport Office, and is operated mainly by private companies. All the major districts are served by buses every ten to fifteen minutes during the day, some even more frequently. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (864x648, 139 KB) FÃ¶ri of Turku on its way from Ã…bo to Turku. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (864x648, 139 KB) FÃ¶ri of Turku on its way from Ã…bo to Turku. ... The Aura river (Finnish Aurajoki) is a river in south-western Finland. ... A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... An articulated bus operated by the CTA in Chicago, Illinois, USA. A Go North East Bus parked in a lay-by in Tyne and Wear, England A bus is a large road vehicle intended to carry numerous persons in addition to the driver and sometimes a conductor. ...

Regional buses are operated by private companies, most importantly TLO, with very frequent services especially to the neighbouring cities of Naantali, Raisio, and Kaarina. TLO has been accused, however, of abusing its near-monopoly status by setting high fares. TLO, or Turun linja-autoilijain osakeyhtiö (Finnish for Turku Bus Operators Ltd) is a group of bus companies and the main operator of the regional public transport in the region of Turku, Finland. ...

Rail traffic to and from Turku is handled by the Finnish national carrier, VR. As with most other Finnish cities, railways were an important method of transportation in the first half of the 20th century, but have since seen a sharp fall in popularity. As a result, the number of services has fallen and only the railways towards Tampere and Helsinki are now in use. The railway stations currently used for passenger traffic are the Turku Central railway station in Pohjola, and two smaller stations in Kupittaa and the Port of Turku. For other uses of the word VR, see VR (disambiguation). ... The Turku Central railway station is a railway station in the VII District of Turku, Finland. ... Pohjola on a map of Turku. ... Kupittaa is a district in Turku, Finland. ... The Port of Turku is the oldest port in Finland, and it is mentioned in the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisis 1154 book Kitab Rudjar. ...

There is no local rail traffic at the moment, as the city's tram services were discontinued in 1972, and the various local railway lines to neighbouring towns and municipalities were all abolished during the late 20th century. However, there are plans for a light rail line in the Turku region in the near future. This system would more ably serve major suburbs of the city such as Varissuo and Runosmäki, as well as the neighbouring cities. A CLRV Streetcar in the City of Toronto. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ...

Turku Airport is located eight kilometres to the north of the city centre, partly in the neighbouring municipality of Rusko. Turku Airport, (IATA: TKU, ICAO: EFTU), is located some 8 kilometers from Turku, Finland. ... Rusko is a municipality of Finland. ...

There are also daily ferry services from the Port of Turku to Sweden and Åland, operated by Silja Line, Viking Line and SeaWind Line. These are somewhat of a Finnish cultural tradition (see ruotsinlaiva), and people often travel long distances across Finland to Turku just to take a cruise across the Gulf of Bothnia. Motto: none Anthem: Ã…lÃ¤nningens sÃ¥ng Capital Mariehamn Official languages Swedish Government Autonomous province - Governor Peter LindbÃ¤ck1 - Premier Roger Nordlund Autonomy - Declared 1920 - Recognized 19212 Accession to EU January 1, 19953 Area - Total 13,517 kmÂ² (n/a) 5,267 sq mi - Water (%) 89 Population - 2005 estimate 26... Silja Line ships in Helsinki in 2004 Silja Line (Silja Oyj Apb) is a Finnish shipping company owned as of 2006 by the Estonian ferry operator Tallink. ... Viking Line MS Gabriella Viking Line is a Finnish shipping company that operates a fleet of large combined cruiseferry ships between Finland, the Ã…land Islands, Sweden and Estonia. ... Sky Wind in Turku harbour SeaWind Line is a subsidiary of the Finnish passenger shipping company Silja Line, owned by British Sea Containers. ... Ruotsin-laiva or ruotsinlaiva (Finnish for ship to Sweden) or FinlandsfÃ¤rja (Swedish for ship to Finland) is a common name for the large passenger ferries (RORO-type) providing daily transport from the Finnish cities of Helsinki and Turku to the Swedish city of Stockholm and back. ... A cruising sailboat anchored in the San Blas Islands, in Panama. ...

The archipelago sea boat traffic is handled by S/S Ukkopekka. Old steamship cruise Turku-Naantali-Turku. Map showing connections in the area A ferry in winter Hiittinen, 25 km west of Hanko The sea area of the Gulf of Bothnia between the Ã…land Islands and mainland Finland is called Archipelago Sea (Finnish Saaristomeri, Swedish SkÃ¤rgÃ¥rdshavet). ... Finnish steamer S/S Ukkopekka. ... Paddle steamers - Lucerne-Switzerland Left: original paddlewheel from a paddle steamer on the lake of Lucerne. ... Naantali (Swedish Nådendal, Latin Vallis Gratiae - valley of grace), city in south-western Finland, known as the probably most important tourist centre of the country. ...

People

At the end of 2004 the Turku region (including the economic districts of Turku and Åboland) had a population of 319,632, out of which 174,824 people lived in the city of Turku. The city's population density is 718 inhabitants per square kilometre. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Christmas is an annual holiday that marks the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. ... Finland is divided into 82 districts (seutukunnat/ekonomiska regioner in Finnish/Swedish). ...

89.4% of Turku's population speak Finnish as their native language, while 5.2% speak Swedish. The next most widely spoken languages are Russian (1.3%), Arabic (0.6%), Albanian (0.5%), and Kurdish (0.4%). 95.8% of the population are Finnish citizens, and the most sizeable minorities are from Russia, Estonia, Iraq, and Iran. Like all other Finnish cities, Turku does not collect information about the ethnic and religious makeup of its population. Native Language Music, founded in 1996 by musicians Joe Sherbanee and Theo Bishop, is an independent adult contemporary record company based in Southern California that produces, markets, and distributes premium jazz, world, and new age music. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... The Kurdish language is a language spoken in the region called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ... Citizenship in Finland can be obtained on the basis of birth, marriage of parents, adoption, or the place of birth. ...

Throughout its history, Turku has always welcomed new influences: it was through Turku that the Swedish crown occupied what is today known as Finland. In the Middle Ages, it hosted German merchants, while engaging in trade with the Hanseatic League. Even today, the city has retained its tendency towards hospitality – it has a higher proportion of immigrants than any other Finnish city. Recently, however, the increased numbers of immigrants, particularly in the city's eastern suburbs, has led to the outbreak of some xenophobic sentiment (as shown by the growing support for the nationalist Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset party), but ethnically motivated crimes are rare in Turku. Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... Look up xenophobia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset (Finnish; Finlands Folkets BlÃ¥vita in Swedish, literally the blue-whites of the Finnish people) is a Finnish political party with a far-right nationalist agenda, led by the controvesial political figure Olavi MÃ¤enpÃ¤Ã¤. The party was founded in 1993, but it didnt become a...

Famous people from the city of Turku include Paavo Nurmi, Mauno Koivisto, Saku Koivu and the 18th century botanist, Herman Spöring. The Turku region has also brought forth many prominent personalities, including the marshal, Carl Gustaf Mannerheim. Paavo Nurmi (June 13, 1897 â€“ October 2, 1973) was a Finnish runner. ... Dr. Mauno Henrik Koivisto [IPA: mÉ‘uno henrik koiÊ‹isto] (born November 25, 1923) was the President of Finland from 1982 to 1994. ... Saku Antero Koivu (born November 23, 1974 in Turku, Finland) is a professional ice hockey player, and plays centre for the Montreal Canadiens as the current team captain. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... Dr. Herman Diedrich SpÃ¶ring Jr. ... Marshal (also sometimes spelled marshall in American English, but not in British English) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. ... This article is about the Finnish statesman and Commander-in-Chief. ...

Economy

Turku is the central economic hub of southwestern Finland, and the capital of the Turku economic district. As of 2003, the district's per capita income was €24,022, higher than the national average of €23,780. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2304 Ã— 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2304 Ã— 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Part of the Market Square and the Hansa shopping centre at night. ... Finland is divided into 82 districts (seutukunnat/ekonomiska regioner in Finnish/Swedish). ... The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ...

The city's economy is centred around the Port of Turku and other service-oriented industries. 86 per cent of the city's workforce are employed in the services sector. The city is also a renowned high-tech centre — the Turku Science Park area in Kupittaa hosts over 300 companies from the fields of biotechnology and information technology, as well as several institutions of higher learning that work in closely with the business sector. One of the examples of high information technology in Turku area is OpenSpark a Finlands largest WiFi community which Turku is also using. This cooperative element is seen as a particularly important factor with regards to the city's expected future economic development, as outlined in the Turku Strategy that is published annually by the city council. Turku, with its good transportation network and close proximity to the Archipelago Sea, is also an important centre for tourism, frequently hosting various conventions and exhibitions. The workforce is the labour pool in employment. ... This box: The tertiary sector of industry (also known as the service sector or the service industry) is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing), and primary industry (extraction such as mining, agriculture and fishing). ... High tech refers to technology that is at the cutting-edgeâ€”the most advanced technology currently available. ... Turku Science Park is a community of businesses and educational establishments in the city of Turku, Finland. ... The structure of insulin Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)is: the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... Map showing connections in the area A ferry in winter Hiittinen, 25 km west of Hanko The sea area of the Gulf of Bothnia between the Ã…land Islands and mainland Finland is called Archipelago Sea (Finnish Saaristomeri, Swedish SkÃ¤rgÃ¥rdshavet). ...

As of 2004, the city's unemployment rate is 13.1%, well above the national average of 8.9%. The problem of unemployment is particularly troublesome in the districts of Pansio, Lauste, and Varissuo, where it hovers at around 23%. An 1837 political cartoon about unemployment in the United States. ... Pansio is a district and a suburb of the city of Turku, Finland. ... Lauste (Finnish; Laustis in Swedish) is a district and a suburb of the city of Turku, Finland. ...

The city collects an 18 per cent income tax (council tax) from its inhabitants, in addition to the progressively graduated taxation practised by the Finnish state. The total amount received through council tax in 2004 was projected at €400 million, a reduction of 1.0 per cent from the previous year. Taxes collected from corporations amounted to €39 million in 2004. An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income of persons, corporations, or other legal entities. ... The Council Tax is the main form of local taxation in England, Scotland and Wales. ... Corporate redirects here. ...

See also: Economy of Finland Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy, based on abundant forest resources, capital investments, and technology. ...

Education

Turku has a longer educational history than any other Finnish city — the first school in the city, the Cathedral School, was founded along with the Cathedral of Turku in the late 13th century. The first university in Finland, the "Academy of Åbo" (now University of Helsinki), was established in the city in 1640. In 1820, the first school in Finland, conforming to the Bell-Lancaster method, was founded in Turku with the aim of making primary education more inclusive to the lower classes. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Ã…bo Akademi University is a Swedish language university, founded in 1918 in Turku (Ã…bo in Swedish), Finland. ... Logo depicting the school building Katedralskolan i Ã…bo (The Cathedral School of Ã…bo) is a Swedish-language senior high school located in the city of Turku (known in Swedish as Ã…bo) in Finland. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... The Academy of Ã…bo was the name of a still existing University of Helsinki between 1640 and 1827. ... University of Helsinki is not to be confused with Helsinki University of Technology. ... The Bell-Lancaster method, named after the British educators Dr Andrew Bell and Joseph Lancaster who both independently developed it, was an education method that became popular at a global scale during the early 19th century. ...

Nowadays, the University of Turku is the second largest university in Finland, as measured by student enrolment, and one of the oldest as well, having been founded in 1920. Turku is also home to several other establishments of higher education, namely Åbo Akademi, Finland's only Swedish-language university, Turun kauppakorkeakoulu (Turku School of Economics), and Turun ammattikorkeakoulu (Turku University of Applied Sciences), the largest polytechnic in Finland. The University of Turku (Finnish Turun yliopisto, Swedish Ã…bo universitet), located in Turku in southwestern Finland, is the second largest university in the country as measured by student enrolment. ... The Ã…bo Akademi University is a Swedish language university, founded in 1918 in Turku (Ã…bo in Swedish), Finland. ... Turku School of Economics (1999) The Turku School of Economics (Finnish Turun kauppakorkeakoulu) is a university specialising in economic and business sciences located in Turku, Finland. ... Turku University of Applied Sciences (Finnish Turun ammattikorkeakoulu) is a Finnish institute of technology (Ammattikorkeakoulu) located in the city of Turku, in the region of Finland Proper. ... The term polytechnic, from the Greek Ï€Î¿Î»á½» polÃº meaning many and Ï„ÎµÏ‡Î½Î¹Îºá½¹Ï‚ tekhnikÃ³s meaning arts, is commonly used in many countries to describe an institution that delivers vocational or technical education and training, other countries do not use the term and use alternative terminology. ...

The central hospital of Turku, Turku University Hospital, is affiliated with the University and it is used as a teaching hospital. TYKS or Turun yliopistollinen keskussairaala (Finnish for University of Turku Central Hospital) is a hospital in Turku, Finland, administered by the University of Turku. ...

Turku is one of only two cities in Finland to have an established international school (the other city being Helsinki). Turku International School, functioning in the eastern district of Varissuo, has been operational since 2003. International schools are private schools that cater mainly to children who are not nationals of the host country, often the children of the staff of international businesses, international organizations, embassies, missions, or missionary programs. ... Turku International School is an international school in Turku, Finland. ... Varissuo is the largest suburb of the city of Turku, in Finland. ...

Media

The most widely read newspaper in Turku, and the area around it, is the daily regional morning newspaper Turun Sanomat, with a readership of over 70% of the population every day. The free-of-charge Turkulainen newspaper is also among the most popular newspapers, together with the local edition of Metro International and the national evening tabloid Ilta-Sanomat. There are also a number of local newspapers such as Kulmakunta (for the eastern suburbs of Turku, including Varissuo and Lauste), and Rannikkoseutu (for the area around the neighbouring cities of Raisio and Naantali). Åbo Underrättelser, a Swedish language newspaper published in Turku, is the oldest newspaper in Finland, having been published since 1824. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (864x648, 103 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Turku ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (864x648, 103 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Turku ... Turun Sanomat is the leading regional newspaper of the region of Finland Proper. ... For other newspapers with the same name, see Metro (newspaper). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ilta-Sanomat is a tabloid which is the second largest newspaper in Finland. ... Ã…bo UnderrÃ¤ttelser is the oldest newspaper still being published in Finland. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

The newspaper, Turun Sanomat, also operates a regional television station, called Turku TV. The Finnish national broadcaster, Yleisradio, screens local news, daily from Monday to Friday, for the Southwest Finland (including the regions of Finland Proper and Satakunta) residents. All Finnish national TV channels are viewable in the Turku area. In addition, a number of local radio stations, eg Auran Aallot and Radio Sata are operational. YLE (Yleisradio in Finnish, Rundradion in Swedish), Finlands National Broadcasting Company, was founded in 1926. ... The Region of Finland Proper is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland. ... Satakunta is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland. ... This is a list of television channels broadcasting to Finnish- and Swedish-language audiences in Finland. ...

Culture

Cultural venues in Turku include several theatres, cinemas, and art galleries, and a city philharmonic orchestra. The city's cultural centre organises a number of regular events, most notably the Medieval Market in July each year. Turku is also the official Christmas city of Finland, and 'Christmas Peace' in Finland is declared on every 24 December at the Cathedral of Turku. The Turku Music Festival and the rock festival Ruisrock (held on the island of Ruissalo) are among the oldest of its kind in Scandinavia. The city also hosts another rock festival, Down by the Laituri, and boasts a vibrant nightlife. Download high resolution version (700x727, 24 KB)Turku Castle, photo by User:Jniemenmaa File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (700x727, 24 KB)Turku Castle, photo by User:Jniemenmaa File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Serge Sudeikins poster for the Bat Theatre (1922). ... The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Medieval Market of Turku (Finnish: Turun keskiaikaiset markkinat) is an annual event organised in the historic city centre of Turku, Finland. ... Christmas is an annual holiday that marks the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... The Cathedral of Turku The Cathedral of Turku is a Evangelical Lutheran cathedral in Turku, Finland. ... A rock festival, or rock fest, is a large-scale outdoor rock music concert, featuring multiple acts, often spread out over several days. ... Ruisrock is a rock festival in Turku, Finland. ... Ruissalo on a map of Turku. ... Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe and includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. ... Down By The Laituri (often shortened to DBTL) is a rock festival organised annually in the city of Turku, Finland. ...

There are also numerous museums, such as the Turku Art Museum and the Wäinö Aaltonen Museum of Art. The Åbo Akademi University maintains the Jean Sibelius museum, which is the only museum in Finland specialising in the field of music. Apart from these, there are also several historical museums that display the city's medieval period, such as the Turku Castle, which has been a functional historical museum since 1881, and the Aboa Vetus museum, built in the late 1990s over the 14th century archaeological site. The Luostarinmäki handicrafts museum, converted from residential buildings that survived the Great Fire of Turku in 1827, was the first Scandinavian venue to receive the "Golden Apple" tourism award. The Louvre Museum in Paris, one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... WÃ¤inÃ¶ Aaltonen (3 March 1894-30 May 1966) was a Finnish artist of the 20th century. ... Johan Julius Christian Jean/Janne Sibelius ( ; December 8, 1865 â€“ September 20, 1957) was a Finnish composer of classical music and one of the most notable composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... The Medieval keep of Turku Castle viewed from west Exterior of Castle Bailey, viewed from south The Turku Castle, (Finnish: Turun linna, Swedish: Ã…bo slott) dating from the 1280s, is a monument of Finnish history. ... Aboa Vetus and Ars Nova are a pair of museums in central Turku, Finland. ... Archaeology, archeology, or archÃ¦ology (from the Greek words Î±ÏÏ‡Î±Î¯Î¿Ï‚ = ancient and Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚ = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools. ... Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe and includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. ...

Turku is a candidate city for European Capital of Culture in 2011, and the city council has approved numerous projects to boost the city's image in preparation for that status. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one year during which it is given a chance to showcase its cultural life and cultural development. ...

Declaration of Christmas Peace

The Declaration of Christmas Peace has been a tradition in Finland from the Middle Ages every year, except in 1939 due to the Winter War. The declaration takes place on the Old Great Square of Turku, Finland's official 'Christmas City', at noon on Christmas eve. It is broadcast in Finnish radio (since 1935) and television, and nowadays also in some foreign countries. Combatants Finland Soviet Union Commanders Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Kliment Voroshilov, later Semyon Timoshenko Strength 250,000 men 30 tanks 130 aircraft[1][2] 1,000,000 men 3,000 tanks 3,800 aircraft[3][4] Casualties 26,662 dead 39,886 wounded 1,000 captured[5] 226,875 dead...

The declaration ceremony begins with the hymn Jumala ompi linnamme (Martin Luther's Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott) and continues with the Declaration of Christmas Peace read from a parchment roll: Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 â€“ February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... Rare early printing of A Mighty Fortress. ... German parchmenter, 1568 Parchment is a material for the pages of a book or codex, made from fine calf skin, sheep skin or goat skin. ...

"Tomorrow, God willing, is the graceful celebration of the birth of our Lord and Saviour; and thus is declared a peaceful Christmas time to all, by advising devotion and to behave otherwise quietly and peacefully, because he who breaks this peace and violates the peace of Christmas by any illegal or improper behaviour shall under aggravating circumstances be guilty and punished according to what the law and statutes prescribe for each and every offence separately. Finally, a joyous Christmas feast is wished to all inhabitants of the city."

Sports

As in most other Finnish cities, the most popular sport is ice hockey. The local club TPS plays in the sport's top level in Finland, the SM-liiga. It is based at Elysée Arena to the southwest of the city centre. TPS has won the Finnish ice hockey championship ten times. The city's other major ice hockey team is TuTo, which play at the country's second level. A new ice hockey arena was constructed for Tuto in the Kupittaa park in 2006. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1944 Ã— 2592 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1944 Ã— 2592 pixel, file size: 1. ... Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. ... TPS is an ice hockey team in the SM-liiga. ... logo of SM-liiga SM-liiga is the top professional ice hockey league in Finland. ... Elysee Arena is an arena in Turku, Finland. ... TuTo are a Finnish ice hockey team based at Kupittaan jÃ¤Ã¤halli (capacity 5500), Turku. ...

Turku is the birthplace to a number of prominent National Hockey League players including Saku Koivu, Miikka Kiprusoff, Sami Salo, Aki-Petteri Berg and Antero Niittymäki. â€œNHLâ€ redirects here. ... Saku Antero Koivu (born November 23, 1974 in Turku, Finland) is a professional ice hockey player, and plays centre for the Montreal Canadiens as the current team captain. ... Miikka Kiprusoff (born October 26, 1976 in Turku, Finland) is a professional hockey goaltender, currently playing for the Calgary Flames. ... Sami Salo Sami Salo (born September 2, 1974, in Turku, Finland) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenseman. ... Aki Berg Aki-Petteri Berg (born July 28, 1977 in Turku, Finland) is a Finnish professional hockey defenceman. ... Antero NiittymÃ¤ki ( in IPA) (born June 18, 1980 in Turku, Finland) is a professional ice hockey goaltender currently with the Philadelphia Flyers. ...

Football is also an important sport, and the city has two teams in the Veikkausliiga: FC Inter and TPS (which is part of the same organisation as the ice hockey team). Both teams play their home matches at the modern Veritas Stadion in the district of Kupittaa. Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Veikkausliiga is the premier division of Finnish football, comprising the top 14 clubs of the country (season 2006 is played exceptionally with 13 teams because of the AC Allianssi-bankrupt). ... Football Club International Turku (commonly known as FC Inter or Inter Turku) is a football club based in Turku, Finland. ... Turun Palloseura (or TPS) is a Finnish football club, based in the town of Turku. ... Veritas Stadion is a football (soccer) stadium in Turku, Finland. ... Kupittaa is a district in Turku, Finland. ...

The Paavo Nurmi Marathon is an annual sporting event in Turku, named after the world-famous runner who was born and raised in the city. Paavo Nurmi (June 13, 1897 â€“ October 2, 1973) was a Finnish runner. ... Modern day marathon runners The word marathon refers to a long-distance road running event of 42. ...

Turku has also been the sight of sporting history as on June 21, 1954 it was in Turku where the Australian John Landy became the second person to run the mile under four minutes. John Landy in 1985. ...

Turku vs. Tampere

Turku ostensibly has a long-standing mutual feud with the city of Tampere, the second largest urban centre of Finland. This hostility is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food, mustamakkara, the state of the Aura River in Turku, and the regional accents. Students at Tampere have organized the Non-Turkuan Nation (Ei-Turkulainen Osakunta) [1], which since 1997 has made annual excursions to Turku to jump at the market square, doing their part to undo the post-glacial rebound and push the city back under the sea. [2] Tampere ( , Swedish name Tammerfors) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes, NÃ¤sijÃ¤rvi and PyhÃ¤jÃ¤rvi, at . ... Half eaten mustamakkara meal at Tapolas mustamakkarabaari. ... The Aura river (Finnish Aurajoki) is a river in south-western Finland. ... Corporation refers to all different kinds of fraternities and sororities worldwide. ... Changes in the elevation of Lake Superior due to glaciation and post-glacial rebound Post-glacial rebound (sometimes called continental rebound, isostatic rebound or isostatic adjustment) is the rise of land masses that were depressed by the huge weight of ice sheets during the last ice age, through a process...

Trivia

January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... A talk show (U.S.) or chat show (Brit. ... Conan Christopher OBrien (born April 18, 1963[2]) is an Emmy-winning American television personality best known as host of NBCs late-night talk/variety show Late Night with Conan OBrien. ... Late Night with Conan OBrien is an American late night talk show on NBC, that is also syndicated world-wide. ... Tarja Kaarina Halonen (IPA: ) (born December 24, 1943, in Helsinki, Finland) is the President of Finland. ...

Sister cities

Also: For the 1997 film, see Twin Town Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2304 Ã— 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2304 Ã— 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia_(bordered). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hungary. ... Szeged and the Tisza river. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland_corrected_(bordered). ... GdaÅ„sk (IPA: ; German: , Kashubian: , Late Latin: ; older English Dantzig; also other languages) is Polands sixth-largest city, and also her principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Location of Gothenburg in northern Europe Coordinates: Country Sweden County VÃ¤stra GÃ¶taland County Province VÃ¤stergÃ¶tland Charter 1621 - Mayor GÃ¶ran Johansson Area - City 450 kmÂ² (174 sq mi) - Water 14. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... For the meteorite Aarhus, see Meteorite falls. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Rostock is a city in northern Germany. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... County Hordaland District Midhordland Municipality NO-1201 Administrative centre Bergen Mayor (2004) Herman Friele (H) Official language form Neutral Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 215 465 kmÂ² 445 kmÂ² 0. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... For other uses, see Cologne (disambiguation). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bulgaria_(bordered). ... Varna (Bulgarian: ) is the largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv, and 79th-largest in the European Union, with a population of 357,752([1]). Varna, commonly referred to as the marine capital (or the summer capital) of Bulgaria, is a... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovakia_(bordered). ... Bratislava (see below for other names) is the capital of Slovakia, and the countrys largest city, with a population of some 450,000. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ... County ConstanÅ£a Mayor Radu Åžtefan MazÄƒre Area 124. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... (Chinese: ; pinyin: TiÄnjÄ«n; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of the Peoples Republic of China. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Image File history File links Flag_of_Estonia_(bordered). ... County Tartu County Mayor Laine JÃ¤nes Area 38. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Estonia_(bordered). ... County Harju County Mayor JÃ¼ri Ratas Area 159. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Estonia_(bordered). ... County Saare County Mayor Urmas Treiel Area 14. ...

References

External links

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... A Webzine is an ezine hosted on the World Wide Web rather than in print. ...

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European Capitals of Culture

1985: Athens · 1986: Florence · 1987: Amsterdam · 1988: West Berlin · 1989: Paris · 1990: Glasgow · 1991: Dublin · 1992: Madrid · 1993: Antwerp · 1994: Lisbon · 1995: Luxembourg City · 1996: Copenhagen · 1997: Thessaloniki · 1998: Stockholm · 1999: Weimar · 2000: Reykjavík · Bergen · Helsinki · Brussels · Prague · Kraków · Santiago de Compostela · Avignon · Bologna · 2001: Rotterdam · Porto · 2002: Bruges · Salamanca · 2003: Graz · 2004: Genoa · Lille · 2005: Cork · 2006: Patras · 2007: Luxembourg City and Greater Region · Sibiu · 2008: Liverpool · Stavanger · 2009: Linz · Vilnius · 2010: Essen · Pécs · Istanbul · 2011: Turku · Tallinn · 2012: Guimarães The 54 municipalities of the Finland Proper Region in Finland are divided on five districts. ... Image File history File links Varsinais-Suomen. ... Alastaro is a municipality of Finland. ... Askainen (Villnäs in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Aura is a municipality of Finland. ... DragsfjÃ¤rd is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Salo City manager Simo Paassilta Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 260th 357. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper District Ã…boland City manager Mikael Grannas Official languages Swedish, Finnish Area - total - land ranked 380th 121. ... IniÃ¶ is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku City manager Martti Ilmonen Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 412nd 60. ... Karinainen was a municipality of Finland. ... Kiikala is a municipality of Finland. ... Kimito (Kemiö in Finnish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Kisko is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper District Ã…boland City manager Patrik NygrÃ©n Official languages Swedish, Finnish Area - total - land ranked 352nd 170. ... Koski Tl is a municipality of Finland. ... Kustavi (Gustavs in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Kuusjoki is a municipality of Finland. ... Laitila is a municipality of Finland. ... Lemu is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper District Turku City manager Sauli Ahopelto Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 329th 200. ... Loimaa is a town and municipality of Finland. ... Loimaan kunta (Loimaa kommun in Swedish) was a municipality of Finland. ... Marttila is a municipality of Finland. ... Masku is a municipality of Finland. ... MellilÃ¤ (IPA: ) is a municipality of Finland. ... Merimasku is a municipality of Finland. ... Mietoinen is a municipality of Finland. ... Muurla is a municipality of Finland. ... MynÃ¤mÃ¤ki (IPA: ) is a municipality of Finland. ... Naantali (Swedish Nådendal, Latin Vallis Gratiae - valley of grace), city in south-western Finland, known as the probably most important tourist centre of the country. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper District Ã…boland City manager Bo Lindholm Official languages Swedish, Finnish Area - total - land ranked 309th 247. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper District Turku City manager Hannu RÃ¤mÃ¶ Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 331st 198. ... OripÃ¤Ã¤ (IPA: ) is a municipality of Finland. ... Paimio (Pemar in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Ã…boland City manager Folke Ã–hman Official languages Swedish, Finnish Area - total - land ranked 295th 272. ... PerniÃ¶ (IPA: , or BjÃ¤rnÃ¥ in Swedish, is a municipality of Finland. ... Pertteli is a municipality of Finland. ... PiikkiÃ¶ (IPA: ), or Pikis in Swedish, is a municipality of Finland. ... PyhÃ¤ranta (IPA: ) is a municipality of Finland. ... PÃ¶ytyÃ¤ (IPA: ) is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku City manager Kari Karjalainen Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 419th 49. ... Rusko is a municipality of Finland. ... RymÃ¤ttylÃ¤ (IPA: ), or Rimito in Swedish, is a municipality of Finland. ... For other meanings of Salo see Salo (disambiguation). ... Sauvo (Sagu in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Salo City manager Leo Haltsonen Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 130th 697. ... SuomusjÃ¤rvi (IPA: ) is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper District Salo City manager Paavo Karila Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 405th 82. ... Taivassalo (Tövsala in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Tarvasjoki is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Vakka-Suomi City manager Kari Koski Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 179th 540. ... Vahto is a municipality of Finland. ... Vehmaa is a municipality of Finland. ... Velkua is a municipality of Finland. ... VÃ¤stanfjÃ¤rd is a municipality of Finland. ... YlÃ¤ne (IPA: ) is a municipality of Finland. ... Finland Proper or Southwest Finland (Finnish: , Swedish: ), is a region in south-western Finland. ... The Province of Western Finland is a province of Finland. ... Image File history File links European_flag. ... The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one year during which it is given a chance to showcase its cultural life and cultural development. ... Athens (Greek: Î‘Î¸Î®Î½Î± - AthÃna) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of Southern Greece. ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Nickname: Mokum Motto: Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig (Valiant, Determined, Compassionate) Location of Amsterdam Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province North Holland Government - Mayor Job Cohen - Aldermen Lodewijk Asscher Hennah Buyne Carolien Gehrels Tjeerd Herrema Maarten van Poelgeest Marijke Vos - Secretary Erik Gerritsen Area [1][2] - City 219 kmÂ² (84. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ... Glaswegian redirects here. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... Motto: De Madrid al Cielo (From Madrid to Heaven) Location Coordinates: Country Spain Autonomous Community Comunidad AutÃ³noma de Madrid Province Madrid Administrative Divisions 21 Neighborhoods 127 Founded 9th century Government - Mayor Alberto Ruiz-GallardÃ³n (PP) Area - Land 607 kmÂ² (234. ... For other uses, see Antwerp (disambiguation). ... Location - Country Portugal - Region Lisboa - Subregion Grande Lisboa - District or A.R. Lisbon Mayor Carmona Rodrigues - Party PSD Area 84. ... District Luxembourg Canton Luxembourg LAU 2 LU00011001 Geography Area Area rank 51. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... Thessaloniki, (Greek: Î˜ÎµÏƒÏƒÎ±Î»Î¿Î½Î¯ÎºÎ·), is Greeces second-largest city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia and the periphery of Central Macedonia. ... (IPA: ; UN/LOCODE: SE STO) is the capital of Sweden, and consequently the site of its Government and Parliament as well as the residence of the Swedish head of state, King Carl XVI Gustaf. ... The city hall Goethe and Schiller in front of the Deutsche Nationaltheater Weimar is a city in Germany. ... Location in Iceland Coordinates: Constituency ReykjavÃk North ReykjavÃk South Area - City 274. ... County Hordaland District Midhordland Municipality NO-1201 Administrative centre Bergen Mayor (2006) Herman Friele (H) Official language form Neutral Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 215 465 kmÂ² 445 kmÂ² 0. ... Founded 1550 Country Finland Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Area[1] - Of which land - Rank 185. ... Nickname: The Capital Of Europe, Comic City City of a 100 Museums[] Map showing the location of Brussels in Belgium Coordinates: Country Belgium Region Brussels-Capital Region Founded 979 Founded (Region) June 18, 1989 - Mayor (Municipality) Freddy Thielemans Area - City 162 (Region) kmÂ² (62. ... Nickname: City of a Hundred Spires Motto: Praga Caput Rei publicae Location within the Czech Republic Coordinates: Country Czech Republic Region Capital City of Prague Founded 9th century Government - Mayor Pavel BÃ©m Area - City 496 kmÂ² (191. ... Wawel Hill, Old Town, KrakÃ³w. ... Location map of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia Santiago de Compostela (also Saint James of Compostela) is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia. ... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France RÃ©gion Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur DÃ©partement Vaucluse (prÃ©fecture) Arrondissement Avignon Canton Chief town of 4 cantons Intercommunality CommunautÃ© dagglomÃ©ration du Grand Avignon Mayor Marie-JosÃ©e Roig... Bologna (IPA , from Latin Bononia, BulÃ¥ggna in Emiliano-Romagnolo) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Pianura Padana, between the Po River and the Apennines, exactly between the Reno River and the SÃ vena River. ... Rotterdam Location Coat of arms The coat of arms of Rotterdam. ... Location - Country Portugal - Region Norte - Subregion Grande Porto - District or A.R. Porto Mayor Rui Rio - Party PSD Area 41. ... Geography Country Belgium Region Flemish Region Community Flemish Community Province West Flanders Arrondissement Bruges Coordinates Area 138. ... Salamanca: Plaza Mayor Towers of the Old and New Cathedrals Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Salamanca Salamanca (population 160,000) is a city in western Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community(region) of Castile-Leon(Castilla y LeÃ³n). ... The Grazer SchloÃŸberg Clock Tower Graz [graËts] (Slovenian: Gradec IPA: /gra. ... Genoa (Genova in Italian - Zena in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... For other uses, see Lille (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city in Ireland. ... Coordinates 38Â°15â€² N 21Â°44â€² E Country Greece Periphery West Greece Prefecture Achaea Province Greece Population 161,114 (2001 [1]) Area 125. ... District Luxembourg Canton Luxembourg LAU 2 LU00011001 Geography Area Area rank 51. ... The Greater Region of Saarland-Lorraine-Luxembourg -Rhineland-Palatinate-Walloon Region-French Community of Belgium- and German-speaking Community of Belgium has not found a specific shortcut yet. ... County Sibiu County Status County capital Mayor Klaus Johannis, from the Democratic Forum of Germans of Romania, since 2000 Area 121 kmÂ² Population (2002) 171,535 Density 1,417 inh/kmÂ² Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ... Liverpool skyline. ... County Rogaland District JÃ¦ren Municipality NO-1103 Administrative centre Stavanger Mayor (1995-) Leif Johan Sevland (H) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 406 71 kmÂ² 68 kmÂ² 0. ... Map of Austria, locating Linz Linz is a city and Statutarstadt in northeast Austria, on the Danube river. ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Vilnius city municipality Coordinates Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius... Essen is a city in the center of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... PÃ©cs (Latin: Quinque Ecclesiae, Croatian: PeÄuh, German: FÃ¼nfkirchen, Serbian: PeÄuj or ÐŸÐµÑ‡ÑƒÑ˜, Slovak: PÃ¤Å¥kostolie, Turkish: PeÃ§uy, Italian: Cinquechiese) is the fourth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... County Harju County Mayor JÃ¼ri Ratas Area 159. ... District or region Braga Mayor - Party MagalhÃ£es Silva PS Area 241. ...

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